LSWR T14 class

Dugald Drummond's success with his previous 4-4-0 designs created a new problem. His new and robust designs allowed the timetables to be accelerated, and it soon became clear that passenger locomotives with greater power were needed.[1] This was especially true when the LSWR's passenger requirements were increasing with lengthened, heavier rolling stock that needed to keep up with faster point-to-point schedules.[1]

However, Drummond knew that this could only be achieved via the use of the 4-6-0 wheel arrangement and a multiple-cylinder layout. He had already introduced the F13, E14, G14 and P14 as new classes of 4-6-0, but they had all fallen significantly short of keeping pace with the increasing demands of traffic.[1]

Despite his track record, Drummond decided to return to the 4-6-0 wheel arrangement. This was because such a design had been proven on other railways such as the Great Central, and the additional traction provided by an extra pair of driving wheels was useful in starting heavy trains.[1] The resultant design, class T14, incorporated many features seen previously on his other 4-6-0 designs, the Drummond lipped chimney, large splashers.[3] However, driving wheel diameter was increased by seven inches to 6' 7", and these were powered by four cylinders set in line in an arrangement similar to German practice in the first years of the 20th century. Divided drive was retained with the inside cylinders driving the front axle whilst the outside ones propelled the second axle. Steam distribution was by two sets of Walschaerts valve gear on the outside, the motion of the inside valves being derived through rockers.[4] Six locomotives (447 and 458—62) were fitted with Drummond's smokebox superheater, the other four used saturated steam.They were fitted with Drummond's patent cross water tubes in the firebox.These were later removed by R.W.Urie,who also fitted them with a conventional 'Eastleigh' smoke tube superheater with extended smokebox. [5]

However, despite a definite improvement in performance over his previous 4-6-0 designs, the class was still plagued by heavy coal and water consumption combined with the serious mechanical problem of hot axle boxes,which had also afflicted all his previous 4-6-0s.[1]

The T14's were the most successful of Drummond's abysmal 4-6-0 designs for the LSWR, though they still displayed the old, costly liabilities of heavy coal and water consumption on a railway that did not employ water troughs, which was combined with a high frequency of hot axle boxes. Both were complaints that had afflicted all his previous 4-6-0s, and did not endear them to locomotive crews.

In service, all were based at Nine Elms from new and were used exclusively on expresses to Bournemouth and Salisbury. However, the class struggled on these 'racing stretches.' This was especially true in the case of the tightly timed Salisbury workings. With intermediate stops at Surbiton and Woking, a D15 was the preferred motive power because they kept better time than a T14.

In consequence, they were utilised on the LSWR 'top link' for only 8 years, and were promptly replaced upon grouping in 1923 by Maunsell's N15s as they became available. However, their potential in secondary duties gave Maunsell the opportunity to attempt to right the problems associated with the original design. Superheating helped to solve the problems of efficiency in terms of coal and water, whilst the removal of the splashers meant ease of access to the wheels and airflow to the axleboxes.[3]

The first withdrawal took place in 1940 with 458 suffering air raid damage at Nine Elms shed.[8] The rest continued into public ownership in 1948. However, the remainder continued to be withdrawn from November 1948, and the last one surviving until June 1951. As a result, none were preserved.