La Boca Formation

La Boca Formation
Stratigraphic range: Upper Pliensbachian-Lower Bajocian, 183–165 Ma

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[1][2]
La Boca Formation; Stratigraphic range: Upper Pliensbachian-Lower Bajocian, 183–165 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N [1][2]
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Huizachal Group
Sub-units	Upper Part with Epiclastic Sedimentation; Lower Part with Pyroclastic sedimentation;
Underlies	La Joya Formation
Overlies	Huizachal Formation
Thickness	<10 m
Lithology
Primary	Red sandstones, mudstones, and siltstones
Other	Pyroclastic volcanic rocks
Location
Region	Tamaulipas
Country	Mexico

The La Boca Formation is a geological formation in Tamaulipas state, northeast Mexico. It was trougth to date back to the Early Jurassic, concretely the Pliensbachian stage epoch.[3][4] Although, the latest studies had proven that the local Vulcanism, related to the aperture of the Atlantic Ocean and the several Rift Events, that continue until the Bajocian where developed until the Latest Pliensbachian, with tha fossil taxa deposited on the rocks above.[5] Due to successions of Aalenian depositional sistems on the upper layers of the Huizachal Canyon, has been delimited the formation to the Toarcian stage, being the regional equivalent of the Moroccan Azilal Formation.[2][1]

Fossil record

Unclassified Diapsida

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes	Images
Tamaulipasaurus[6]	T. morenoi	Dinosaur National Monument South, Huizachal Canyon	Lower Part	Skull and several fragmentary remains	A strange burrowing Diapsid: "Burrowing diapsid representing a heretofore unknown clade"[6]

Synapsida

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes
Bocaconodon[7]	B. tamaulipensis[7]	Jim's Joy, Huizachal Canyon	Lower Part	Teeth	A basal Mammaliaform[7]
Bocatherium[8]	B. mexicanum[8]	Huizachal Canyon	Lower Part	IGM 3492, Skull	A Tritylodontid[8]
Huasteconodon[7]	H. wiblei[7]	Huizachal Canyon	Lower Part	Teeth	A Gobiconodont[7]
Victoriaconodon[7]	V. inaequalis[7]	Rene's Roost, Huizachal Canyon	Lower Part	Teeth	A Triconodontid[7]
Unnamed Mammaliaforms (IGM 6622,IGM 6855, and IGM 6856)[7]	Indeterminate	Cementario, Huizachal Canyon Casa de Fidencio, Huizachal Canyon	Lower Part	IGM 6855, partial right dentary; IGM 6856, left dentary; IGM 6622, partial right dentary

Sphenodontia

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes
Cynosphenodon[9]	C. huizachalensis	Huizachal Canyon	Lower Part	Jaws & teeth of various specimens	A Sphenodontidae Rhynchocephalian.[10]
Sphenovipera[11]	S. jimmysjoyi[11]	Jim's Joy, Huizachal Canyon	Lower Part	IGM 6076, right lower jaw	A venomous Sphenodont[11]
Zapatadon[12]	Z. ejidoensis	Tierra Buena, W Huizachal Canyon	Lower Part	Jaws	A dwarf Sphenodont

Pterosauria

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes	Images
"Dimorphodon"[13]	"D." weintraubi	Huizachal Canyon	Lower Part	Fragmentary skeleton of a large rhamphorhynchoid that includes a remarkably preserved pes.	A Pterosaur of uncertain phylogenetic placement, being originally proposed as a member of the genus Dimorphodon, although, has some great differences with the original holotype, and Dimorphodon is a lower Liassic Genus. Most recent analises place it on different positions on Novialoidea.[14]

Crocodrylomorpha

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes	Images
Unnamed Crocodyliforms[8][15]	Indeterminate	Huizachal Canyon	Lower Part	Skull fragment	Non compared
Metasuchia[8]	? Metasuchia indeterminate	Huizachal Canyon	Lower Part	IGM 3498 & additional specimens. Partial skulls and postcranial skeletons	Non compared

Dinosauria

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes
"Syntarsus"[16]	"Syntarsus" mexicanum [17]	Casa de Fidencio, Huizachal Canyon	Lower Part	(IGM 6624) partial twelfth dorsal vertebra, partial thirteenth dorsal vertebra, partial synsacrum, incomplete fused pelvis	An indeterminate Coelophysoidean.
Ceratosauria[16]	Ceratosauria Indeterminate	Casa de Fidencio, Huizachal Canyon	Lower Part	IGM 6625, craneal fragmentary elements	A possible basal ceratosaur related with the African Berberosaurus.
Neotheropoda[16]	Neotheropoda Indeterminate	Huizachal Canyon	Lower Part	Isolated teeth	Several morphotypes, maybe related with Coelophysoidea, Dilophosauridae or Tetanurae.[16]
Heterodontosauridae[18]	cf. Heterodontosaurus sp.	Huizachal Canyon	Lower Part	Teeth	An Ornithischian of the family Heterodontosauridae.
?Sauropodomorpha[4][16]	?Sauropodomorpha indeterminate	Rene's Roost, Huizachal Canyon	Lower Part	Large bone fragments	A possible Basal Sauropodomorph.

References

Rubio-Cisneros, I. I., & Lawton, T. F. (2011). Detrital zircon U-Pb ages of sandstones in continental red beds at Valle de Huizachal, Tamaulipas, NE Mexico: Record of Early-Middle Jurassic arc volcanism and transition to crustal extension. Geosphere, 7(1), 159-170.
Martini, M., & Ortega-Gutiérrez, F. (2018). Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of eastern Mexico during the break-up of Pangea: A review. Earth-Science Reviews, 183, 38-55.
Mesozoic Sedimentary and Tectonic History of North-central Mexico, Issue 340, pg 206; edited by Claudio Bartolini, James Lee Wilson, Timothy Frost Lawton.
Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Middle Jurassic, North America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 537–538. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
Boschman, L., Van Hinsbergen, D. J., Langereis, C. G., Molina-Garza, R. S., & Kimbrough, D. L. (2017, December). Paleomagnetic Constraints on the Tectonic History of the Mesozoic Ophiolite and Arc Terranes of Western Mexico. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts.
Clark, J. M. (1994). A new burrowing diapsid from the Jurassic La Boca Formation of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 14(2), 180-195.
Montellano, M., Hopson, J. A., & Clark, J. M. (2008). Late Early Jurassic mammaliaforms from Huizachal Canyon, Tamaulipas, México. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 28(4), 1130-1143.
Fraser, Nicholas; Sues, Hans-Dieter, eds. (1994). In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-45242-2.
Reynoso, V. H. (1996). A Middle Jurassic Sphenodon-like sphenodontian (Diapsida: Lepidosauria) from Huizachal Canyon, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 16(2), 210-221.
Reynoso, V. H. (2003). Growth patterns and ontogenetic variation of the teeth and jaws of the Middle Jurassic sphenodontian Cynosphenodon huizachalensis (Reptilia: Rhynchocephalia). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 40(4), 609-619.
Reynoso, V.H. 2005. Possible evidence of a venom apparatus in a Middle Jurassic sphenodontian from the Huizachal red beds of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25: 646–653. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0646:PEOAVA]2.0.CO;2
V.-H. Reynoso and J. M. Clark. 1998. A dwarf sphenodontian from the Jurassic La Boca Formation of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18:333-339
Clark, J. M., Hopson, J. A., Fastovsky, D. E., & Montellano, M. (1998). Foot posture in a primitive pterosaur. Nature, 391(6670), 886-889.
Britt, B. B., Dalla Vecchia, F. M., Chure, D. J., Engelmann, G. F., Whiting, M. F., & Scheetz, R. D. (2018). Caelestiventus hanseni gen. et sp. nov. extends the desert-dwelling pterosaur record back 65 million years. Nature ecology & evolution, 2(9), 1386-1392.
V.-H. Reynoso. 2006. Research on fossil amphibians and reptiles in Mexico, from 1869 to early 2004 (including marine forms but excluding pterosaurs, dinosaurs, and obviously, birds). In F. J. Vega, T. G. Nyborg, M. Del Carmen Perrilliat, M. Montellano-Ballesteros, S. R. S. Cevallos-Ferriz, S. A. Quiroz-Barroso (eds.), Studies on Mexican Paleontology 24:209-231
R. C. Munter and J. M. Clark. 2006. Theropod dinosaurs from the Early Jurassic of Huizachal Canyon, Mexico. In M. T. Carrano, T. J. Gaudin, R. W. Blob, J. R. Wible (eds.), Amniote paleobiology: perspectives on the evolution of mammals, birds, and reptiles. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 53-7
González, De Stefano and Hernandez, 2002. [unknown title] in González and Stéfano (eds.). Fósiles de México- Coahuila: Una ventana a través del tiempo. Gobierno del Estado de Coahuila. 214-215.
Clark, James; Montellano, Marisol; Hopson, James A.; Hernandez, Rene; Fastovsky, David A. (1994). "An Early or Middle Jurassic tetrapod assemblage from the La Boca Formation, northeastern Mexico". In Fraser, N.C.; Sues H.-D. (eds.). In The Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 295–302. ISBN 0-521-45899-4.

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[ToarcianA-1] Rubio-Cisneros, I. I., & Lawton, T. F. (2011). Detrital zircon U-Pb ages of sandstones in continental red beds at Valle de Huizachal, Tamaulipas, NE Mexico: Record of Early-Middle Jurassic arc volcanism and transition to crustal extension. Geosphere, 7(1), 159-170.

[Toarcian-2] Martini, M., & Ortega-Gutiérrez, F. (2018). Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of eastern Mexico during the break-up of Pangea: A review. Earth-Science Reviews, 183, 38-55.

[3] Mesozoic Sedimentary and Tectonic History of North-central Mexico, Issue 340, pg 206; edited by Claudio Bartolini, James Lee Wilson, Timothy Frost Lawton.

[middlejurassicdistribution-4] Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Middle Jurassic, North America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 537–538. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.

[5] Boschman, L., Van Hinsbergen, D. J., Langereis, C. G., Molina-Garza, R. S., & Kimbrough, D. L. (2017, December). Paleomagnetic Constraints on the Tectonic History of the Mesozoic Ophiolite and Arc Terranes of Western Mexico. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts.

[Tamaulipasaurus-6] Clark, J. M. (1994). A new burrowing diapsid from the Jurassic La Boca Formation of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 14(2), 180-195.

[mammal-7] Montellano, M., Hopson, J. A., & Clark, J. M. (2008). Late Early Jurassic mammaliaforms from Huizachal Canyon, Tamaulipas, México. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 28(4), 1130-1143.

[fraser-8] Fraser, Nicholas; Sues, Hans-Dieter, eds. (1994). In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-45242-2.

[9] Reynoso, V. H. (1996). A Middle Jurassic Sphenodon-like sphenodontian (Diapsida: Lepidosauria) from Huizachal Canyon, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 16(2), 210-221.

[10] Reynoso, V. H. (2003). Growth patterns and ontogenetic variation of the teeth and jaws of the Middle Jurassic sphenodontian Cynosphenodon huizachalensis (Reptilia: Rhynchocephalia). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 40(4), 609-619.

[Sphenovipera-11] Reynoso, V.H. 2005. Possible evidence of a venom apparatus in a Middle Jurassic sphenodontian from the Huizachal red beds of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25: 646–653. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0646:PEOAVA]2.0.CO;2

[12] V.-H. Reynoso and J. M. Clark. 1998. A dwarf sphenodontian from the Jurassic La Boca Formation of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18:333-339

[13] Clark, J. M., Hopson, J. A., Fastovsky, D. E., & Montellano, M. (1998). Foot posture in a primitive pterosaur. Nature, 391(6670), 886-889.

[14] Britt, B. B., Dalla Vecchia, F. M., Chure, D. J., Engelmann, G. F., Whiting, M. F., & Scheetz, R. D. (2018). Caelestiventus hanseni gen. et sp. nov. extends the desert-dwelling pterosaur record back 65 million years. Nature ecology & evolution, 2(9), 1386-1392.

[15] V.-H. Reynoso. 2006. Research on fossil amphibians and reptiles in Mexico, from 1869 to early 2004 (including marine forms but excluding pterosaurs, dinosaurs, and obviously, birds). In F. J. Vega, T. G. Nyborg, M. Del Carmen Perrilliat, M. Montellano-Ballesteros, S. R. S. Cevallos-Ferriz, S. A. Quiroz-Barroso (eds.), Studies on Mexican Paleontology 24:209-231

[Theropod_dinosaurs-16] R. C. Munter and J. M. Clark. 2006. Theropod dinosaurs from the Early Jurassic of Huizachal Canyon, Mexico. In M. T. Carrano, T. J. Gaudin, R. W. Blob, J. R. Wible (eds.), Amniote paleobiology: perspectives on the evolution of mammals, birds, and reptiles. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 53-7

[17] González, De Stefano and Hernandez, 2002. [unknown title] in González and Stéfano (eds.). Fósiles de México- Coahuila: Una ventana a través del tiempo. Gobierno del Estado de Coahuila. 214-215.

[JMCetal94-18] Clark, James; Montellano, Marisol; Hopson, James A.; Hernandez, Rene; Fastovsky, David A. (1994). "An Early or Middle Jurassic tetrapod assemblage from the La Boca Formation, northeastern Mexico". In Fraser, N.C.; Sues H.-D. (eds.). In The Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 295–302. ISBN 0-521-45899-4.