Leicester (UK Parliament constituency)

Leicester was a parliamentary borough in Leicestershire, which elected two members of parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1295 until 1918, when it was split into three single-member divisions.

Leicester
Former Borough constituency
for the House of Commons
1295–1918
Number of membersTwo

History

Leicester sent burgesses to Parliament for the first time in 1295. Originally both Members were chosen by the whole 'commons' of the borough until at least 1407, when Thomas Denton and John Tonge were stated to have been chosen 'per totam communitatem tocius burgi'. At some unknown date before the middle of the 15th century, however, the 'commons', lost power within the borough and were restricted to the election of just one of the Members, the other being chosen by the mayor and 24 jurats (or aldermen). This situation was reversed by the middle of the sixteenth century.

Although most Members were citizens, usually officials, of the borough there was considerable influence and involvement by the two leading families, the Hastings and the Greys during the 16th and 17th centuries.

The constituency was abolished in 1918 and replaced by Leicester East, Leicester South and Leicester West.

Members of Parliament

1295–1640

ParliamentFirst memberSecond member
1294Ralph NormanRobert de Scarnford[1]
1299Robert KnythtecoteRoger de Glenne[1]
?1299Richard DonningtonRoger de Glenne[1]
1301Ralph Tewe[1]
1304Richard SoningNicholas de Glenne[1]
1306Ralph NormanHenry de Carleton[1]
1307William LyndrychWilliam le Palmer[1]
1308Henry ErdingtonRichard Eggbaston[1]
1310William LyndrychPeter de Kent[1]
1311William LyndrychRobert de Leicester[1]
1312William ClowneRichard Leverych[1]
?1312Robert HerewardNicholas Mercer[1]
1313Roger de GlenneJohn Stocton[1]
1314William de BenhamSimon de Lyndrych[1]
?1314Roger PickeringWilliam le Palmer[1]
1318Thomas FoxWilliam le Palmer, jnr[1]
?1318Henry PalmerJohn Derby[1]
1321Geoffrey de StauntonJohn Derby[1]
1322Ralph BurtonWalter Busseby[1]
1326William ReddingtonWilliam Jolly[1]
1327John FitzHenry of Leicester[2]John Geryn
1328 Richard Claver John Leverich[2]
1328Richard ClaverJohn Geryn[1]
1328 Rad de Seccheville Robert de Waltham[2]
1329John de GlenneWillim Petlyng[1]
1330Richard de BonyngtonRobert de Gryndon[1] or

William Wareyn[2]

1330John de LeverychThomas Dawbenny[1]
1332Henry MerlinsRichard de Donnington[1]
1332 William de Cloune Richard Leverich[2]
1333John LeverychJohn FitzHenry[1] or

John de Garthorp[2]

1334Richard FoxtonRichard Clerk[1]
1334 John Leverich Robert de Foston[2]
1336John LeverychJohn Querndon[1]
?1336William RodingtonWilliam le Palmer[1]
1337Richard de DonningtonRichard Leycester[1]
1337Richard de DonningtonJohn Martyn[1]
1338Richard de DonningtonJohn Querndon[1]
1338Richard de DonningtonJohn Turvey[1][2]
?1338William PalmerThomas Fox[1]
?1338John HardingRobert Bonyng[1]
1339William WarrynThomas Fitz Robert[1]
1339 William Leverich Richard de Walcote[2]
1340Nicholas RaddingWilliam Fitz Richard[1]
?1340Richard WalcoteWilliam Brad[1]
?1340Ralph BurtonJohn Blake[1]
1341John le ClerkWilliam Donnington[1]
1343Walter BussebyWilliam Reddington[1]
1346Richard WalcotWilliam Dunstable[1]
1347Richard BebyAllan Sutton[1]
1348John RecenourWilliam Wakefield[1]
1350William DunstableThomas Beby[1]
1351William DunstableThomas Beby[1]
1354John MartinJohn de Hodynges[1]
1355William Dunstable | Thomas Beby[1]
1357John de PetlyngThomas de Crom.[1]
1360Thomas BebyRoger Belgrave[1]
?1360Roger KnyghtonThomas Beby[1]
1362Richard KnyghtonWilliam Burton[1]
1363John PeterburghRoger Kilby[1]
1365William TabbJohn Stafford [1]
1368Walter LyndRoger de Belgrave[1]
1369William BurtonWilliam atte Greene[1]
1371William TaillardRichard de Knyghton[1]
1372William atte GreeneRoger Beby[1]
1373John StaffordJohn Peterburgh[1]
1375Henry de PetlyngHenry de Clipstone[1]
1377William HuntedonJohn Stafford[1]
?1377William HumberstoneWilliam de Thornton[1]
1378John ChapmanAndrew Glasewright[1]
1379John de StaffordWilliam Ferrour[1]
1380John SheroteRichard Boyes[1]
1381Stephen ChambreRobert Norton[1]
1382John StaffordThomas Wakefield[1]
?1382Roger BelgraveRichard Braunston[1]
1383Geoffrey ClerkJohn Fode[1]
1386Geoffrey ClerkWilliam Morton[1]
1388 (Feb)Geoffrey ClerkWilliam Morton[3]
1388 (Sep)Geoffrey ClerkJohn Cook[3]
1390 (Jan)?Geoffrey Clerk[3]
1390 (Nov)
1391Geoffrey ClerkHenry Beeby[3]
1393Thomas WakefieldJohn Houghton[3]
1394?Geoffrey ClerkHenry Beeby[3]
1395Robert SkillingtonHenry Beeby[3]
1397 (Jan)Thomas WakefieldRoger Humberston[3]
1397 (Sep)Thomas BaillyRichard Falconer[3]
1399William BisphamJohn Church[3]
1401John LondonPeter Clerk[3]
1402
1404 (Jan)
1404 (Oct)
1406John DonyngtonRoger Goldsmith[3]
1407Thomas DentonJohn Tonge[3]
1410Robert EvingtonJohn Church[3]
1411Robert EvingtonRalph Brasier[3]
1413 (Feb)
1413 (May)John HewetJohn Church[3]
1414 (Apr)Ralph BrasierThomas Denton[3]
1414 (Nov)Henry ForsterRobert Evington[3]
1415
1416 (Mar)
1416 (Oct)
1417
1419Henry ForsterRalph Brasier[3]
1420John PykwellJohn Church[3]
1421 (May)Ralph BrasierJohn Church[3]
1421 (Dec)Henry ForsterJohn Nightingale[3]
1423Ralph Brasier[4]
1426Ralph Brasier[4]
1432Ralph Brasier[4]
1455–1456Thomas Dalton
1510–1515No names known[5]
1523William BoltRoger Wigston[5]
1529Thomas BrokesbyRobert Harward[5]
1536?
1539John BeaumontWilliam Wigston[5]
1542Robert Burdett?John Beaumont[5]
1545Edward HastingsJohn Throckmorton[5]
1547George SwillingtonRalph Skinner[5]
1553 (Mar)George SwillingtonRobert Cotton[5]
1553 (Oct)William FauntThomas Farnham[5]
1554 (Apr)Francis FarnhamThomas Jenkinson[5]
1554 (Nov)Francis FarnhamHugh Aston[5]
1555Francis Farnham?[5]
1558Robert BrehamMaurice Tyttell[5]
1559 (Jan)John HastingsRobert Breham[6]
1562/1563Robert BrehamRubert Brokesby[6]
1571Thomas CaveStephen Hales[6]
1572 (Apr)Robert BrehamJohn Stanford I[6]
1584 (Nov)Henry SkipwithThomas Johnson[6]
1586 (Oct)Henry SkipwithThomas Johnson[6]
1588 (Oct)John ChippendaleRobert Heyrick[6]
1593John Stanford IJames Clarke[6]
1597 (Sep)George ParkinsJohn Stanford II[6]
1601 (Oct)George BelgraveWilliam Herrick[6]
1604William Skipwith, died 1610
and replaced by
Henry Rich)
Henry Beaumont
1614Henry RichSir Francis Leigh
1621–1622Sir Richard MorysonSir William Herrick
1624Sir Humphrey MayWilliam Ive
1625Thomas JermynSir Humphrey May, sat for Lancaster
and repl. by
Sir George Hastings)
1626Sir Humphrey MaySir George Hastings
1628Sir Humphrey MaySir John Stanhope
1629–1640No parliaments summoned

1640–1918

YearFirst memberFirst partySecond memberSecond party
April 1640 Thomas Coke Simon Every
November 1640 Thomas CokeRoyalist Lord Grey of GrobyParliamentarian
January 1644 Coke disabled from sitting – seat vacant
1645 Peter Temple
1653 Leicester was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament
1654 Sir Arthur Hesilrige William Stanley
1656
January 1659
May 1659 Peter Temple One seat vacant through the death of Lord Grey of Groby
1660 Thomas Armeston John Grey
1661 Sir William Hartopp Sir John Pretyman
1677 John Grey
1679 Sir Henry Beaumont
1685 Thomas Babington
1689 Lawrence Carter
1690 Sir Edward Abney
1695 Archdale Palmer
1698 Sir William Villiers Lawrence Carter
1701 James Winstanley Lawrence Carter
1702 Sir George Beaumont
1719 Thomas Noble
1722 (Sir) Lawrence Carter
January 1727 Thomas Boothby-Skrymsher
August 1727 George Wrighte
1737 James Wigley
1765 Anthony James Keck
1766 John Darker
1768 Hon. Booth Grey Whig[7] Eyre Coote Whig[7]
1774 John Darker Tory[7]
February 1784 Shukburgh Ashby
April 1784 John Macnamara Charles Loraine-Smith
1790 Thomas Parkyns Whig[7] Samuel Smith Tory[7]
1800 Thomas Babington Tory[7]
1818 John Mansfield Tory[7] Thomas Pares Whig[7]
1826 Sir Charles Abney-Hastings Tory[7] Robert Otway-Cave Tory[7]
1830 William Evans Whig[7]
1831 Wynne Ellis Radical[8][9]
1835 Edward Goulburn Conservative[7] Thomas Gladstone Conservative[7]
1837 Samuel Duckworth Radical[10][11] Sir John Easthope Radical[10][11][8][9]
1839 Wynne Ellis Radical[8][9]
1847 [notes 1] Sir Joshua Walmsley Radical[12][13][14][15] Richard Gardner Radical[16][17][18][19]
1848 John Ellis Radical[20][21][22] Richard Harris Radical[20][21][22]
1852 Sir Joshua Walmsley Radical[12][13][14][15] Richard Gardner Radical[16][17][18][19]
1856 John Biggs Radical[23][24][25][26][27]
1857 John Dove Harris Whig[15][28][29]
1859 Joseph William Noble Liberal Liberal
1861 William Unwin Heygate Conservative
1862 Peter Alfred Taylor Liberal
1865 John Dove Harris Liberal
1874 Alexander McArthur Liberal
1884 James Allanson Picton Liberal
1892 Sir James Whitehead Liberal
1894 Henry Broadhurst Liberal Walter Hazell Liberal
1900 Sir John Rolleston Conservative
January 1906 Ramsay MacDonald Labour
March 1906 Franklin Thomasson Liberal
1910 Eliot Crawshay-Williams Liberal
1913 Sir Gordon Hewart Liberal
1918 Constituency abolished: see Leicester East, Leicester South, Leicester West

Notes

  1. The election of 1847 was declared void on petition and a by-election was held

Election results

Elections in the 1830s

General election 1830: Leicester[7][30]
Party Candidate Votes %
Tory Charles Abney-Hastings Unopposed
Whig William Evans Unopposed
Registered electors c.5,000
Tory hold
Whig gain from Tory
General election 1831: Leicester[7][30]
Party Candidate Votes %
Whig William Evans Unopposed
Radical Wynne Ellis Unopposed
Registered electors c.5,000
Whig hold
Radical gain from Tory
General election 1832: Leicester[7][31]
Party Candidate Votes %
Whig William Evans 1,663 37.3
Radical Wynne Ellis 1,527 34.3
Tory John Ward-Boughton-Leigh[32] 1,266 28.4
Turnout 2,795 91.3
Registered electors 3,063
Majority 136 3.0
Whig hold
Majority 261 5.9
Radical hold
General election 1835: Leicester[7][31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Edward Goulburn (MP) 1,484 26.4 +12.2
Conservative Thomas Gladstone 1,475 26.2 +12.0
Whig William Evans 1,352 24.0 13.3
Radical Wynne Ellis 1,314 23.4 10.9
Majority 123 2.2 N/A
Turnout 2,820 92.5 +1.2
Registered electors 3,049
Conservative gain from Whig Swing +9.4
Conservative gain from Radical Swing +8.7
General election 1837: Leicester[7][31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical Samuel Duckworth 1,816 27.8 +16.1
Radical John Easthope 1,816 27.8 +16.1
Conservative Edward Goulburn (MP) 1,454 22.2 4.2
Conservative Thomas Gladstone 1,453 22.2 4.0
Majority 362 5.6 N/A
Turnout 3,270 91.6 0.9
Registered electors 3,569
Radical gain from Conservative Swing +10.1
Radical gain from Conservative Swing +10.1

Duckworth resigned after being appointed as Master of the Court of Chancery.

By-election, 22 March 1839: Leicester[7][31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical Wynne Ellis 1,666 54.9 0.7
Conservative Charles Frewen 1,371 45.1 +0.7
Majority 295 9.8 +4.2
Turnout 3,037 84.8 6.8
Registered electors 3,581
Radical hold Swing 0.7

Elections in the 1840s

General election 1841: Leicester[31][7]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical John Easthope Unopposed
Radical Wynne Ellis Unopposed
Registered electors 4,280
Radical hold
Radical hold
General election 1847: Leicester[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical Joshua Walmsley 1,671 35.5 N/A
Radical Richard Gardner 1,621 34.4 N/A
Conservative James Parker[33] 1,421 30.2 New
Majority 200 4.2 N/A
Turnout 3,067 (est) 72.3 (est) N/A
Registered electors 4,241
Radical hold Swing N/A
Radical hold Swing N/A

The election was declared void on petition on 1 June 1848, due to bribery by Walmsley and Gardner's agents, causing a by-election.[34]

By-election, 2 September 1848: Leicester[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical John Ellis Unopposed
Radical Richard Harris Unopposed
Radical hold
Radical hold

Elections in the 1850s

General election 1852: Leicester[31][35][36][18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical Joshua Walmsley 1,673 30.0 5.5
Radical Richard Gardner 1,673 30.0 4.4
Whig James Wilde 1,116 20.0 New
Whig Geoffrey Palmer 1,114 20.0 New
Majority 557 10.0 +5.8
Turnout 2,788 (est) 72.4 (est) +0.1
Registered electors 3,853
Radical hold Swing N/A
Radical hold Swing N/A

Gardner's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 18 June 1856: Leicester[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical John Biggs Unopposed
Radical hold
General election 1857: Leicester[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig John Dove Harris 1,618 34.7 5.3
Radical John Biggs 1,603 34.4 +4.4
Radical Joshua Walmsley 1,440 30.9 +0.9
Majority 15 0.3 N/A
Turnout 2,331 (est) 56.0 (est) 16.4
Registered electors 4,162
Whig gain from Radical Swing 5.3
Radical hold Swing +3.5
General election 1859: Leicester[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal John Biggs 1,584 26.6 7.8
Liberal Joseph William Noble 1,496 25.1 N/A
Conservative William Unwin Heygate 1,476 24.8 New
Liberal John Dove Harris 1,397 23.5 11.2
Majority 20 0.3 0.0
Turnout 2,977 (est) 70.8 (est) +14.8
Registered electors 4,207
Liberal hold Swing N/A
Liberal hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1860s

Noble's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 7 February 1861: Leicester[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Unwin Heygate 1,596 44.3 +19.5
Liberal John Dove Harris 1,033 28.6 +5.1
Liberal Peter Alfred Taylor 977 27.1 N/A
Majority 563 15.7 N/A
Turnout 3,606 90.9 +20.1
Registered electors 3,965
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +7.2

Biggs resigned, causing a by-election.

By-election, 17 February 1862: Leicester[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Peter Alfred Taylor Unopposed
Liberal hold
General election 1865: Leicester[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal John Dove Harris 2,295 35.6 +12.1
Liberal Peter Alfred Taylor 2,199 34.2 +7.6
Conservative William Unwin Heygate 1,945 30.2 +5.4
Majority 254 4.0 +3.7
Turnout 4,192 (est) 88.0 (est) +17.2
Registered electors 4,762
Liberal hold Swing +4.7
Liberal hold Swing +2.5
General election 1868: Leicester[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Peter Alfred Taylor 7,148 43.3 +9.1
Liberal John Dove Harris 6,876 41.6 +6.0
Independent Liberal John Baker Greene[37][38][39] 2,494 15.1 New
Majority 4,382 26.5 +22.5
Turnout 9,506 (est) 62.7 (est) 25.3
Registered electors 15,161
Liberal hold Swing N/A
Liberal hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1870s

General election 1874: Leicester[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Peter Alfred Taylor 7,408 36.5 6.8
Liberal Alexander McArthur 7,283 35.9 5.7
Conservative John Henry Boyer Warner 5,615 27.7 New
Majority 1,668 8.2 18.3
Turnout 12,961 (est) 75.9 (est) +13.2
Registered electors 17,069
Liberal hold Swing N/A
Liberal hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1880s

General election 1880: Leicester[31][40]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Peter Alfred Taylor 10,675 36.7 +0.2
Liberal Alexander McArthur 10,438 35.8 0.1
Conservative William Winterton 4,186 14.4 +0.5
Conservative John Henry Boyer Warner 3,820 13.1 0.8
Majority 6,252 21.4 +13.2
Turnout 14,560 (est) 77.4 (est) +1.5
Registered electors 18,808
Liberal hold Swing 0.2
Liberal hold Swing +0.4

Taylor resigned, causing a by-election.

By-election, 27 Jun 1884: Leicester[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal James Allanson Picton Unopposed
Liberal hold
General election 1885: Leicester[41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal James Allanson Picton 11,480 39.1 +2.4
Liberal Alexander McArthur 11,121 37.9 +2.1
Conservative William Millican[42] 6,751 23.0 4.5
Majority 4,370 14.9 6.5
Turnout 18,104 83.5 +6.1 (est)
Registered electors 21,671
Liberal hold Swing +2.4
Liberal hold Swing +2.2
General election 1886: Leicester[41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal James Allanson Picton 9,914 39.2 +0.1
Liberal Alexander McArthur 9,681 38.3 +0.4
Liberal Unionist Robert Bickersteth 5,686 22.5 0.5
Majority 3,995 15.8 +0.9
Turnout 15,456 71.3 12.2
Registered electors 21,671
Liberal hold Swing +0.2
Liberal hold Swing +0.3

Elections in the 1890s

General election 1892: Leicester[41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal James Allanson Picton Unopposed
Liberal James Whitehead Unopposed
Liberal hold
Liberal hold

Both Picton and Whitehead resigned, requiring a by-election.

Walter Hazell
1894 Leicester by-election[43][41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Lib-Lab Henry Broadhurst 9,464 33.8 N/A
Liberal Walter Hazell 7,184 25.6 N/A
Conservative John Rolleston 6,967 24.9 New
Ind. Labour Party Joseph Burgess 4,402 15.7 New
Majority 217 0.7 N/A
Turnout 17,853 (est) 77.2 N/A
Registered electors 23,125
Lib-Lab hold Swing N/A
Liberal hold Swing N/A
Joseph Burgess
General election 1895: Leicester[41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Lib-Lab Henry Broadhurst 9,792 33.6 N/A
Liberal Walter Hazell 7,753 26.5 N/A
Conservative John Rolleston 7,654 26.2 N/A
Ind. Labour Party Joseph Burgess 4,009 13.7 N/A
Majority 99 0.3 N/A
Turnout 18,856 (est) 77.2 N/A
Registered electors 24,113
Lib-Lab hold Swing N/A
Liberal hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1900s

Henry Broadhurst
General election 1900: Leicester[44][41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Lib-Lab Henry Broadhurst 10,385 32.3 1.3
Conservative John Rolleston 9,066 28.2 +2.0
Liberal Walter Hazell 8,528 26.5 +0.0
Labour Repr. Cmte. Ramsay MacDonald 4,164 13.0 N/A
Turnout 32,143 83.3 +5.1
Registered electors 24,962
Majority 6,221 19.3 +19.0
Lib-Lab hold Swing 1.7
Majority 538 1.7 N/A
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +1.0
MacDonald
General election 1906: Leicester[45][41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Lib-Lab Henry Broadhurst 14,745 39.9 +7.6
Labour Repr. Cmte. Ramsay MacDonald 14,685 39.8 +26.8
Conservative John Rolleston 7,504 20.3 7.9
Turnout 36,934 88.9 +5.6
Registered electors 25,129
Majority 7,241 19.6 +0.3
Lib-Lab hold Swing +7.8
Majority 7,181 19.5 N/A
Labour Repr. Cmte. gain from Conservative Swing +17.4
Thomasson
1906 Leicester by-election[45][41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Franklin Thomasson 10,766 59.9 +20.0
Conservative John Rolleston 7,206 40.1 +19.8
Majority 3,560 19.8 +0.2
Turnout 17,972 71.5 17.4
Registered electors 25,129
Liberal hold Swing +0.1

Elections in the 1910s

General election January 1910: Leicester[45][41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Eliot Crawshay-Williams 14,643 32.0 7.9
Labour Ramsay MacDonald 14,337 31.4 8.4
Conservative J. Foster Fraser 8,548 18.7 +8.5[n 1]
Conservative Edward Bagley 8,192 17.9 +7.7[n 1]
Turnout 45,720 91.8 +2.9
Registered electors 25,336
Majority 6,095 13.3 6.3
Liberal hold Swing 8.2
Majority 5,789 12.7 6.8
Labour hold Swing 8.0
General election December 1910[46][41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Eliot Crawshay-Williams 13,238 39.2 +7.2
Labour Ramsay MacDonald 12,998 38.5 +7.1
Conservative Alured Myddelton Wilshere 7,547 22.3 14.3
Turnout 33,783 83.5 -8.3
Registered electors 25,336
Majority 5,691 16.9 +3.6
Liberal hold Swing +11.0
Majority 5,451 16.2 +3.5
Labour hold Swing +10.7
Gordon Hewart
1913 Leicester by-election[46][41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Gordon Hewart 10,863 47.8 +8.6
Unionist Alured Myddelton Wilshere 9,279 40.8 +18.5
British Socialist Party Edward Hartley 2,580 11.4 New
Turnout 22,722 84.2 +0.7
Registered electors 26,972
Liberal hold Swing -4.9

Notes and References

Notes

  1. Calculated from half of 1906 result

References

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  30. Harratt, Simon. "Leicester". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  31. Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) |format= requires |url= (help) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
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  34. "Wolverhampton Chronicle and Staffordshire Advertiser". 7 June 1848. p. 1. Retrieved 15 November 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
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  36. "Nottingham Journal". 9 July 1852. p. 8. Retrieved 17 May 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  37. "Borough Election". Leicester Journal. 13 November 1868. p. 6. Retrieved 21 February 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
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  41. Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
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  43. David Howell, British workers and the Independent Labour Party, 1888–1906, p.233
  44. David Howell, British workers and the Independent Labour Party, 1888–1906, p.237
  45. Liberal Yearbook 1916, p.287
  46. The New Hazell Annual (1917), p.191
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