List of Araceae genera

This is a list of genera in the plant family Araceae. As currently circumscribed, the family contains over 3700 species into approximately a hundred genera. The family's taxonomy remains in flux, and a full taxonomic treatment integrating the mass of phylogenetic data that has become available in the last 10 years remain to be produced. The classification presented here is informed by the review of Mayo et al. (2013).[1]

Genera

Genus
Authority
Year
[N 1]
Classification Type species # of species Distribution
Gymnostachys
R.Br.[2]
1810GymnostachydoideaeGymnostachys anceps
R.Br.
1Eastern Australia
Lysichiton[N 2]
Schott[3]
1857OrontioideaeLysichiton camtschatcensis
(L.) Schott
2Temperate East Asia
to Western United States
Orontium
L.[4]
1753OrontioideaeOrontium aquaticum
L.
1Eastern United States to Texas
Symplocarpus
Salisb. ex W.P.C.Barton[5][N 3]
1817OrontioideaeSymplocarpus foetidus
(L.) Salisb. ex W.P.C.Barton
5Temperate East Asia and North America
Landoltia
Les & D.J.Crawford[6]
2000
("1999")
LemnoideaeLandoltia punctata
(G.Mey.) Les & D.J.Crawford
1South and Central America
Lemna
L.[4]
1753LemnoideaeLemna minor
L.
c. 13Cosmopolitan
Spirodela
Schleid.[7]
1839LemnoideaeSpirodela polyrrhiza
(L.) Schleid.
3Cosmopolitan
Wolffia
Horkel ex Schleid.[8][N 4]
1844LemnoideaeWolffia michelii[N 5]
Schleid.
ca. 10Cosmopolitan
Wolffiella
(Hegelm.) Hegelm.[9]
1895
("1896")
LemnoideaeWolffiella oblonga
(Phil.) Hegelm.
ca. 10New World, Africa, Arabian Peninsula
Anthurium
Schott[10]
1829PothoideaeAnthurium acaule
(Jacq.) Schott
over 1000Central and South America, Caribbean
Pedicellarum
M.Hotta[11]
1976PothoideaePedicellarum paiei
M.Hotta
1Indomalaya
Pothoidium
Schott[12]
1857PothoideaePothoidium lobbianum
Schott
1Taiwan, Moluccas, Sulawesi, Philippines
Pothos
L.[4]
1753PothoideaePothos scandens
L.
55+Tropical Asia and Pacific
Alloschemone
Schott[13]
1858MonsteroideaeAlloschemone poeppigiana[N 6]
Schott
2Bolivia and Northern Brazil
Amydrium
Schott[14]
1863MonsteroideaeAmydrium humile
Schott
5Indochina to New Guinea
Anadendrum
Schott[15]
1857MonsteroideaeAnadendrum montanum[N 7]
Schott
12Southern China to Malesia
Epipremnum
Schott[15]
1857MonsteroideaeEpipremnum mirabile
Schott
ca. 15Tropical and subtropical Asia
to Pacific Islands
Heteropsis
Kunth[16]
1841MonsteroideaeHeteropsis salicifolia
Kunth
17Costa Rica to tropical South America
Holochlamys
Engl.[17]
1883
("1882")
MonsteroideaeHolochlamys beccarii
(Engl.) Engl.
1New Guinea
Monstera
Adans.[18]
1763MonsteroideaeMonstera adansonii[N 8]
Schott
ca. 60Continental Neotropics
Rhaphidophora
Hassk.[19]
1842MonsteroideaeRhaphidophora pertusa
(Roxb.) Schott)
ca. 100Africa to Australasia
Rhodospatha
Poepp.[20]
1845MonsteroideaeRhodospatha latifolia
Poepp.
15Continental Neotropics
Scindapsus
Schott[21]
1832MonsteroideaeScindapsus officinalis
(Roxb.) Schott
35Subtropical Asia to northern Australia
Spathiphyllum
Schott[21]
1832MonsteroideaeSpathiphyllum lanceifolium
(Jacq.) Schott
40Malesia, Central and South America
Stenospermation
Schott[13]
1858MonsteroideaeStenospermation mathewsii
Schott
50+Continental Neotropics
Anaphyllopsis
A.Hay[22]
1989
("1988")
LasioideaeAnaphyllopsis americana
(Engler) A.Hay
3Tropical South America
Anaphyllum
Schott[23]
1857[N 9]LasioideaeAnaphyllum wightii
Schott
2India
Cyrtosperma
Griff.[24]
1851LasioideaeCyrtosperma lasioides[N 10]
Griff.
ca. 12Malesia and Pacific islands
Dracontioides
Engl.[25]
1911LasioideaeDracontioides desciscens
Engl.
2Eastern Brazil
Dracontium
L.[4]
1753LasioideaeDracontium polyphyllum
L.
24Neotropical
Lasia
Lour.[26]
1790LasioideaeLasia aculeata[N 11]
Lour.
2Tropical Asia to New Guinea
Lasimorpha
Schott[23]
1857LasioideaeLasimorpha senegalensis
Schott
1Western and West-Central Africa
Podolasia
N.E.Br.[27]
1882LasioideaePodolasia stipitata
N.E.Br.
1Malay Archipelago
Pycnospatha
Thorel ex Gagnep.[28]
1941LasioideaePycnospatha palmata
Gagnep.
2Indochina
Urospatha
Schott[29]
1853
("1857")[N 12]
LasioideaeUrospatha sagittifolia
(Rudge) Schott
10+Central and Southern America
Gonatopus
Hook.f. ex Engl.[30]
1879ZamioculcadoideaeGonatopus boivinii
(Decne.) Engl.
5Africa
Zamioculcas
Schott[31]
ZamioculcadoideaeZamioculcas loddigesii[N 13]
Schott
1Tropical Eastern
and Southern Africa.
Aglaodorum
Schott[13]
1858
Aglaodorum griffithii
(Schott) Schott
1Sundaland, southern Indochina
Aglaonema
Schott[10]
1829
Aglaonema oblongifolium[N 14]
Schott
ca. 40Southeast Asia
Alocasia
(Schott) G.Don[32]
1839
Alocasia cucullata
(Lour.) G.Don
79tropical Asia to Australia
Amorphophallus
Blume ex Decne.[33]
1834
Amorphophallus campanulatus[N 15]
Blume ex Decne.
ca. 200Paleotropical
Ambrosina
Bassi[34]
1763Ambrosina bassii
L.
1Tunisia, Algeria, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily
Anchomanes
Schott[35]
1853
Anchomanes hookeri[N 16]
(Kunth) Schott
7 or 8Tropical Africa
Anubias
Schott[36]
1857Anubias afzelii
Schott
8West Africa
Apoballis
Schott[37]
2010
Apoballis neglecta[N 17]
Schott
12Thailand to Malesia
Aridarum
Ridl.[38]
1913
Aridarum montanum
Ridl.
7Borneo
Ariopsis
Nimmo[39]
1839
Ariopsis peltata
Nimmo
2Western Ghats, southeastern Himalaya
Arisaema
Mart.[40]
1831
Unclear[N 18]ca. 150Eastern and Central Africa,
Asia and eastern North America
Arisarum
Mill.[41]
1754
Arisarum vulgare
Targ.Tozz.
3Mediterranean area East to Caucasus
Arophyton
Jum.[42]
1928Arophyton tripartitum
Jum.
7Northern Madagascar
Arum
L.[4]
1753Arum maculatum
L.
ca. 25Western Palearctic
Asterostigma
Fisch. & C.A.Mey.[43]
1845
Asterostigma langsdorffianum[N 19]
Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
7Northern South America
Bakoa
P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong[44]
2008
Bakoa lucens
(Bogner) P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
1Borneo
Biarum
Schott[21]
1832Biarum tenuifolium
(L.) Schott
ca. 23Mediterranean
Bognera
Mayo & Nicolson[45]
1984
Bognera recondita
(Madison) Mayo & Nicolson
1Brazil
Bucephalandra
Schott[13]
1858
Bucephalandra motleyana
Scott
5[N 20]Borneo
Caladium
Vent.[46]
1801
("1800")
Caladium bicolor
(Aiton Vent.)
7Tropical South America
Calla
L.[4]
1753Calla palustris
L.
1Temperate Northern Hemisphere
Callopsis
Engl.[47]
1895Callopsis volkensii
Endl.
1Tanzania and Kenya
Carlephyton
Jum.[48]
1919Carlephyton madagascariense
Jum.
3Madagascar
Cercestis
Schott[49]
1857
Cercestis afzelii
Schott
10Tropical Africa
Chlorospatha
Engl.[50]
1878
Chlorospatha kolbii
Engl.
ca. 16Costa Rica to Peru
Colletogyne
Buchet[51]
1939Colletogyne perrieri
Buchet
1Madagascar
Colocasia
Schott[21]
1832
Colocasia antiquorum
Schott
at least 25tropical Polynesia and Southeast Asia
Croatiella
E.G.Gonç.[52]
2005
Croatiella integrifolia
(Madison) E.G.Gonç.
1Eastern Ecuador
Cryptocoryne
Fisch. ex Wydler[53]
1830Cryptocoryne spiralis
(Retz.) Fisch. ex Wydler
50 to 60Tropical Asia and New Guinea
Culcasia
P.Beauv.[54]
1803[N 22]
("1805")
Culcasia scandens
P.Beauv.
ca. 30Africa
Dieffenbachia
Schott[10]
1829
Dieffenbachia seguine
(Jacq.) Schott
56Neotropical
Dracunculus
Mill.[41]
1754Dracunculus vulgaris
Schott
3Circummediterranean
Eminium
(Blume) Schott[31]
1856[N 23]Eminium spiculatum
(Blume) Schott
9Turkey and Middle East to Central Asia
Filarum
Nicolson[55]
1968
Filarum manserichense
Nicolson
1Peru
Furtadoa
M. Hotta[56]
1981
Furtadoa sumatrensis
M.Hotta
2Sumatra and Malaysia
Gearum
N.E.Br.[57]
1882
Gearum brasiliense
N.E.Br.
1 or 2Western Brazil
Gorgonidium
Schott[14]
1864
("1863-1864")
Gorgonidium mirabile
Schott
8Peru to Argentina
Hapaline
Schott[13][N 24]
1858
Hapaline benthamiana
(Schott) Schott
8Southeast Asia to Malesia
Helicodiceros
Schott[58]
1855[N 25]Helicodiceros muscivorus
(L.f.) Engl.
1Balearic islands, Corsica, Sardinia
Hestia
S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce[59]
2010
Hestia longifolia
(Ridl.) S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce
1Borneo
Homalomena
Schott[21]
1832
Homalomena cordata
Schott
80+Tropical Asia, Malesia,
Papuasia, parts of the Neotropics
Incarum
E.G.Gonç.[52]
2005
Incarum pavonii
(Schott) E.G.Gonç.
1Central Andes
Jasarum
G.S.Bunting[60]
1977
("1975")
Jasarum steyermarkii
G.S.Bunting
1Guyana and Venezuela
Lagenandra
Dalzell[61]
1852Lagenandra toxicaria
Dalzell
16India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka
Lorenzia
E.G.Gonç.[62]
2012
Lorenzia umbrosa
E.G.Gonç.
1Amapá, Brazil
Mangonia
Schott[63]
1857
Mangonia tweedieana
Schott
2southern Brazil to Uruguay
Montrichardia
Crueg.[64]
1854Montrichardia aculeatum[N 26]
(G.Mey.) Crueg.
2+1 fossilNeotropical
Nephthytis
Schott[65]
1857
Nephthytis afzellii
Schott
6tropical western Africa
Ooia
S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce[66]
2010
Ooia grabowskii
(Engl.) S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce
2Borneo
Peltandra
Raf.[67]
1819
Peltandra undulata[N 27]
Schott
2Eastern North America and Cuba
Philodendron
Schott[10]
1829
Philodendron grandifolium
(Jacq.) Schott
at least 350Tropical Americas
Philonotion
Schott[68]
1829
Philonotion spruceanum
(Schott
3Neotropics
Phymatarum
M.Hotta[69]
1965
Phymatarum borneense]
M.Hotta
1Borneo
Pinellia
Ten.[70]
1839
Pinellia tuberifera[N 28]
Ten.
9East Asia
Piptospatha
N.E.Br.[71]
1879
Piptospatha insignis
N.E.Br.
12Thailand to Borneo
Pistia
L.[4]
1753Pistia stratiotes
L.
1Likely pantropical
Protarum
Engl.[72]
1901
Protarum sechellarum
Engl.
1Seychelles
Pseudohydrosme
Engl.[73]
1892
("1893")
Pseudrohydrosme gabunensis
2Gabon
Remusatia
Schott[21]
1832
Remusatia vivipara
(Roxb.) Schott
4Tropical and Subtropical Old World
Sauromatum
Schott[21]
1832Sauromatum guttatum[N 29]
(Wall.) Schott
9Tropical Eurasia to North China
Scaphispatha
Brongn. ex Schott[74]
1860
Scaphispatha gracilis
Brongn. ex Schott
2Bolivia and Brazil
Schismatoglottis
Zoll. & Moritzi[75]
1846[N 30]
Schismatoglottis calyptrata
(Roxb.) Zoll. & Moritzi
100-120Subtropical Asia to Pacific islands
Schottarum
P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong[44]
2008
Schottarum sarikeense
(Bogner & M.Hotta) P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
1Borneo
Spathantheum
Schott[76]
1859
Spathantheum orbignyanum
Schott
2Andes from Peru to Northern Argentina
Spathicarpa
Hook.[77]
1831
Spathicarpa hastifolia
Hook.
4Southern tropical America
Steudnera
K.Koch[78]
1862
Steudnera colocasiifolia
K.Koch
10Assam, Indochina, South China
Stylochaeton
Lepr.[79]
1834
Stylochaeton hypogeum
Lepr.
ca. 20Africa
Synandrospadix
Engl.[80]
1883
Synandrospadix vermitoxicus
(Griseb.) Engl.
1Peru to northern Argentina
Syngonium
Schott[10]
1829
Syngonium auritum
(L.) Schott
ca. 35Neotropical
Taccarum
Brongn.[81][N 31]
1858
("1857")
Taccarum weddellianum
Brongn.
6South America
Theriophonum
Blume[82]
1837
("1835")
Theriophonum crenatum[N 32]
(Wight) Schott
7
Typhonium
Schott[10]
1829Typhonium trilobatum
(L.) Schott
ca. 50Mongolia to Australia
Typhonodorum
Schott[12]
1857
Typhonodorum lindleyanum
Schott
1Madagascar, Zanzibar,
Mauritius and Comoros
Ulearum
Engl.[83]
1905
("1906")
Ulearum sagittatum
Engl.
2Peru, northern Brazil
Xanthosoma
Schott[21]
1832
Xanthosoma sagittifolium
(L.) Schott
ca. 50Neotropical
Zantedeschia
Spreng.[84]
1826Zantedeschia aethiopica
(L.) Spreng.
8Southern Africa
Zomicarpa
Schott[31]
1856
Zomicarpa pythonium
(Mart.) Schott
2North-eastern Brazil
Zomicarpella
N.E.Br.[85]
1881
Zomicarpella maculata
N.E.Br.
2Colombia

Notes

  1. A second date given in parentheses indicate the printed date on the work, when that date differs from the actual date of publication. This may occur because the work was distributed at a different date, or because a book was printed in multiple issues bound together at a later date.
  2. Although Schott's original publication used both Lysichiton and Lysichitum his later publications used only the former name.
  3. Since Barton himself credits Nuttall in following Salisbury's (1812, Trans. Hortic. Soc. Lond. 1:267) invalid name, some attribute authorship to that author instead (either in Barton or in Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1:105, 1818)
  4. Although Schleiden originally published the genus in an earlier version[7] of that paper, he originally only included one species, W. delilei (≡ Wolffiella hyalina (Delile) Monod). That species was later moved out of Wolffia and into Wolffiella, overlooking that it was already the type of the former name. By the time the problem was noticed in the mid-20th century, Wolffia would have replaced Wolffiella, and the former Wolffia would have had to become Grantia (den Hartog, 1969, Taxon 18(5):591-592), which would have resulted in "intolerable confusion" (McVaugh, 1971, Taxon 20(2-3):384-389) as most of the species of the then Lemnaceae changed genera (two of which similar in name), and so the name was conserved (McVaugh, 1971) with a later date of publication allowing for a valid lectotype to be chosen.[7]
  5. Schleiden's species is an illegitimate renaming of Linnaeus' Lemna arrhiza and is properly called Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Horkel ex Wimm.
  6. An illegitimate new name for Eduard Poeppig's Scindapsus occidentalis. The species' correct name is Alloschemone occidentalis (Poepp.) Engl. & K.Krause.
  7. The species is properly known as Anadendrum microstachyum (de Vriese & Miq.) Backer & Alderw.
  8. Although Adanson originally called the species Dracontium pertusum, the combination Monstera pertusa was assigned by Schott (1830, Wiener Z. Kunst 4:1028), the first author to accept Adanson's genus and create combinations in it, to Pothos pertusum Roxb. (currently known as Rhaphidophora pertusa (Roxb.) Schott).
  9. Some sources cite Gen. Aroid.:pl. 83 (1858), but there is no reason to believe that the May issue of Bonplandia, which Schott himself cite as the place of publication in Genera Aroidearum Exposita was published with that much delay.
  10. Treated now as Cyrtosperma merkusii (Hassk.) Schott.
  11. The species is now known at Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites.
  12. The year when the work was completed.
  13. The species, which is an illegitimate renaming of Loddiges' Calladium zamiifolium, is correctly known as Zamioculcas zamiifolia (G.Lodd.) Schott.
  14. The correct name is Aglaonema nitida (Jack) Kunth. Schott's original type species may have been meant to be a renaming of William Roxburgh's Calla oblongifolia (=Aglaonema marantifolia Blume), but Schott mistakenly cited only Heinrich Friedrich Link's Arum integrifolium as a synonym, rendering the type species' new name illegitimate; he would later (1832, Melet. Bot. 1:20) rename it Aglaonema integrifolium. (Nicolson, 1969, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 1:5)
  15. The species' name is illegitimate as it is based on the same type as Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson, which is the correct name.
  16. This species is now treated as a synonym of Anchomanes difformis (Blume) Engl.
  17. Properly treated as Apoballis rupestris (Zoll. & Moritzi ex Zoll.) S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce.
  18. If the designation by Pfeiffer (1872, Nomencl. Bot. 1:265) is valid, the type is Arisaema speciosum, otherwise, the designation by Britton and Brown (1913, Ill. Fl. N.U.S., ed. 2. 1:442) of A. nepenthoideshas priority.
  19. Although the original description included only this species, which is listed as type in Index Nominum Genericorum, the name is not included in any standard databases for unknown reasons.
  20. This number does not account for many more species that remain undescribed or untransferred from original placement in the discredited Microcasia (Boyce & Yeng 2013; Webbia 67(2):139-146).
  21. This species was until recently placed in its own subfamily, which was found (Cabrera et al. 2008; Am. J. Bot. 95(9)1153-1165:1160) to be nested within Aroideae. A new, comprehensive taxonomy of the family remains to be published, but Cabrera and al. characterized the demoting of the subfamily back to tribal status as the most sensible option.
  22. A first part comprising 10 pages and 6 plates was issued in quarto format in 1803, but this edition was abandoned, and the more common folio edition began publication 2 years later.
  23. IPNI and ING gives a part of Schott's Aroideae issued in 1855 as the place of publication, but the premier monograph gives the 1856 publication, which is the only one that could be verified.
  24. Schott originally published the genus the year before(Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 7:85) as Hapale, but then chose to alter the name as it was homonymous with a now disused genus of marmosets. This new name was later conserved (Brummitt 1984; Taxon 33(4):707) over the original form.
  25. Multiple sources give the year of publication as 1853 (Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 3:369), but Schott merely notes after describing his Dracunculus crinita that "a genus Helicodiceros will probably be justified" ("Eine Gattung «Helicodiceros» dürfte hierdurch begründet werden."), which fails to satisfy the requirement of the ICN's article 36.1 (see also Rickett and Stafleu, 1959, Taxon 8(7):231).
  26. The species' correct name is Montrichardia arborescens (L.) Schott
  27. Treated as a synonym of Peltandra virginica (L.) Schott
  28. Tenore's name was an unnecessary renaming of Thunberg's earlier Arum ternatum. The correct name for the species is Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Makino.
  29. Now known as Sauromatum venosum (Dryand. ex Aiton) Kunth.
  30. Due to confusion with a later, similarly titled work by Zollinger which has the same standardised abbreviation, some sources erroneously give 1854 as the date of publication.
  31. Properly attributed to Brongniart in Schott (who says he is quoting Brongniart's description from a letter without adding any details of his own: "Wir bringen nachstehend den uns vom Autor überlassenen Gattungskarakter dar, indem wir uns nicht erlauben, demselben Eigenes anzufügen."), not Brongniart ex Schott, and not cited to Gen. Aroid.:pl. 65 (1858).
  32. Now known as Theriophonum minutum (Willd.) Baill.

References

  1. Mayo, Simon J.; Bogner, Josef; Cusimano, Nathalie (2013). "Recent Progress in the Phylogenetics and Classification of the Araceae". In Paul Wilkin and Simon J. Mayo (ed.). Early Events in Monocot Evolution. Systematics Association Special Volume Series. Cambridge University Press. pp. 208–242. ISBN 978-1-107-01276-9.
  2. Brown, Robert (1810). Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen. London: R.Taylor. p. 337.
  3. Schott (1857). "Aroideae". Österreichisches Botanisches Wochenblatt. 7 (8): 61–62. doi:10.1007/BF02059440.
  4. Linnaeus (1753). Species Plantarum (in Latin). Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii.
  5. Barton, William P. C. (1817). Vegetable Materia Medica of the United States. 1. Carey & Sons=. p. 124.
  6. Les, Donald H.; Crawford, Daniel J. (1999). "Landoltia, a new genus of duckweed". Novon. 9 (4): 530–533. doi:10.2307/3392157. JSTOR 3392157.
  7. Schleiden, M.J. (1829). "Prodromus Monographiae Lemnacearum oder Conspectus Generum Atque Specierum". Linnaea (in German). 13: 385–392.
  8. Schleiden, M.J. (1844). "Prodromus Monographiae Lemnacearum oder Conspectus Generum Atque Specierum". Beitrage zur Botanik, Erste Band (in German). Wilh. Engelmann. pp. 229–236, 233.
  9. Hegelmaier, F. (1896). "Systematische Übersicht der Lemnaceen". Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie (in German). 21 (3): 268–305, 303.
  10. Schott, H.W. (1829). "Für Liebhaber der Botanik" [For Botanical Amateurs]. Wiener Zeitschrift für Kunst, Litteratur, Theater und Mode (in German). 1829 (3): 732, 779–780, 803, 828, 892, 1180, 1280.
  11. Hotta, Mitsuru (1976). "Notes on Bornean Plants III. : Pedicellarum and Heteroaridarum, two new genera of the aroids". Acta Phytotaxa et Geobotanica. 27 (3–4): 61–65.
  12. Schott, H. (1857). "Aroideae". Österreichisches Botanisches Wochenblatt. 7 (9): 69–70. doi:10.1007/BF02059776.
  13. Schott, Heinrich Wilhelm (1858). Genera Aroidearum exposita (in Latin). Vienna: Caroli Ueberreuter.
  14. Schott, H.W. (1863). "Araceae, pars prior, nova genera et species". Annales Musei Botanici Lugduno-Batavi. 1 (10): 122–131, 221, 278–286.
  15. Schott, H.M. (1857). "Aroideae Honkongense". Bonplandia (in German). 5 (3): 44–45.
  16. Kunth, Karl Sigismund (1841). Enumeratio Plantarum Omnium Hucusque Cognitarum. 3. Stuttgart: J.G. Cott. p. 59.
  17. Beccari, Odoardo (1877). "Aracee Della Malesia e Della Papuasia Raccolte Da 0. Beccari". Malesia: raccolta di osservazioni botaniche intorno alie piante dell'arcipelago indo-malese e papuano publicata da Odoardo Beccari. 1. Genova: Instituto Sordo-Muti. p. 265.
  18. Adanson, M. (1763). Familles des plantes. 2. Paris: Vincent. p. 460.
  19. Hasskarl, J. K. (1842). "Plantarum genera et species novae aut reformatae javenses". Flora. 25 (2 suppl. 1): 1–16, 11.
  20. Poeppig, Eduard (1845). Nova Genera ac Species Plantarum quas in Regno Chilensi Peruviano. 3. Leipzig: Friedrich Hofmeister. p. 91.
  21. Schott, Heinrich; Endlicher, Stephan (1832). Meletemata botanica (in Latin). Vienna: C. Gerold.
  22. Hay, Alistair (1988). "Anaphyllopsis: A new neotropical genus of Araceae—Lasieae". Aroideana. 11 (2): 25–31.
  23. Schott (1857). "Einiges über Lasia Loureiro's". Bonplandia (in German). 5 (8): 122–129.
  24. Griffith, William (1851). "Monocotyledonous Plants". In John McClelland (ed.). Notulæ ad Plantas Asiaticas. 3. p. 149.
  25. Engler, A. (1911). "IV. 23C Araceae-Lasioideae". Das Pflanzenreich (in German). 48: 1–130, 36.
  26. de Loureiro, João (1790). Flora Cochinchinensis (in Latin). Lisbon: Typis, et expensis academicis. p. 81.
  27. "New Garden Plants". The Gardeners' Chronicle. New Series. 18 (446): 70–71. 1882.
  28. Gagnepain, F. (1941). "Pycnospatha Thorel mss., nov. gen. Aracearum". Bulletin de la Société botanique de France (in French). 88 (4–6): 511–512. doi:10.1080/00378941.1941.10834263.
  29. Schott, Heinrich (1857). Aroideae Maximilianae. Carl Gerold & sons. p. 3.
  30. de Candolle, Alphonse; de Candolle, Casimir (1879). Monographiae Phanerogamarum. 2. Paris: G. Masson. p. 208.
  31. Schott, H. (1856). Synopsis Aroidearum complectens enumerationem systematicam generum et specierum hujus ordinis (in Latin). Vienna=: Typis Congregationis Mechitharisticae.
  32. Don, George (1839). Sweet's Hortus Britannicus (3d ed.). London: James Ridgway. p. 631.
  33. Decaisne, J. (1834). "Description d'un herbier de l'ile de Timor" [Description of an herbarium from Timor Island]. Nouvelles Annales du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle (in French). 3: 333–501, 366.
  34. Bassi, Ferdinando (1763). Ambrosina, novum plantae genus (in Latin). Bologna: Laelium a Vulpe.
  35. Schott, H. (1853). "Eine Aroidee". Österreichisches Botanisches Wochenblatt (in German). 3 (40): 313–314. doi:10.1007/BF02056581.
  36. Schott, H. (1857). "Aroideen-Skizzen" [Aroidea notes]. Österreichisches Botanisches Wochenblatt (in German). 7 (50): 398–399. doi:10.1007/BF02071618.
  37. Schott, H. (1858). "Aroideen-Skizzen" [Aroidea notes]. Österreichisches Botanisches Wochenblatt (in German). 8 (10): 317–318. doi:10.1007/BF02106032.
  38. Ridley, H.N. (1913). "Some Bornean Aroideae". Journal of Botany, British and Foreign. 51: 201–202.
  39. Graham, John (1839). Catalogue of the Plants Growing in Bombay and its vicinity. Bombay: Government Press. p. 252.
  40. von Martius (1831). "Ueber die Art der Befruchtung bei einigen Aroideen und über die Charakteristik mehrerer Gattungen dieser Familie" [On the methods of fertilisation in certain Aroids and on the characteristics of several genera of the family]. Flora (in German). 14 (2): 449–460, 459.
  41. Miller, Phillip (1754). The gardeners dictionary (4th abr. ed.). London: John and James Rivington.
    (Because the pagination in the original work, when present at all, can be best described as idiosyncratic, only links are given here. A facsimile edition with continuous pagination exists.)
  42. Jumelle, Henri (1928). "Un Nouveau Genre malgache d'Aracées" [A new Madagascan genus of Araceae]. Annales du Musée Colonial de Marseille, Série 4 (in French). 6 (2): 21–24.
  43. Fischer, F.E.L.; Meyer, C.A. (1845). "Asterostigma, eine neue Pflanzengattung aus Brasilien" [Asterostigma, a new plant genus from Brazil]. Bulletin de la Classe Physico-Mathématique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg (in German). 3 (10–11): 148–149.
  44. Boyce, Peter C.; Wong, Sin Yeng (2008). "Studies on Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) of Borneo VII: Schottarum and Bakoa, two new genera from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo". Botanical Studies. 49 (4): 393–404.
  45. Nicolson, Dan H. (1984). "Suprageneric Names Attributable to Araceae". Taxon. 33 (4): 680–690, 690. doi:10.2307/1220785. JSTOR 1220785.
  46. Ventenat, Et.P. (1800). "Dissertation sur le genre Arum". Magasin Encyclopédique (in French). 4: 461–472.
  47. Urban, I. (1895). "Diagnosen neuer Arten und kleinere Mitteilungen" [Diagnoses of new species and minor communications]. Notizblatt des Königl. Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin (in German). 1 (1): 18–32, 27.
  48. Jumelle, Henri (1919). "Les Aracées de Madagascar" [The Araceae of Madagascar]. Annales du Musée Colonial de Marseille, Série 3 (in French). 7 (2): 179–189, 187.
  49. Schott, H. (1857). "Aroideen-Skizzen" [Aroidea notes]. Österreichisches Botanisches Wochenblatt (in German). 7 (52): 414–415. doi:10.1007/BF02073220.
  50. Engler, A. (1878). "Chlorospatha Kolbii Engl". Gartenflora. 27 (4): 97–98.
  51. Buchet, Samuel (1939). "Un nouveau genre malgache d'Aracées" [A new Madagascan genus of Araceae]. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France (in French). 86 (1): 23–24. doi:10.1080/00378941.1939.10834145.
  52. Gonçalves, Eduardo G. (2005). "Two new Andean genera for the tribe Spathicarpeae (Araceae)". Willdenowia. 35 (2): 319–326. doi:10.3372/wi.35.35214.
  53. Wydler, H. (1830). "Plantarum Quarundam Descriptiones". Linnaea (in Latin). 5: 423–430.
  54. Palisot-Beauvois, A.M.J.F. (1803). Flore d'Oware et de Bénin, en Afrique. Paris: Bleuet. p. 3.
  55. Nicolson, Dan H. (1968). "Filarum, a new genus of peruvian Araceae". Britonia. 18 (4): 347–349. doi:10.2307/2805151. JSTOR 2805151.
  56. Hotta, Mitsuru (1981). "A new genus of the family Araceae from West Sumatra". Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica. 32 (5–6): 142–146.
  57. Brown, N.E. (1882). "Four New Genera Of Aroideae". Journal of Botany, British and Foreign. 20 (7): 193–197.
  58. Appendix generum et specierum novarum et minus cognitarum, quae in horto regio botanico Berolinensi coluntur. Berlin: C. Feisteri. 1855. p. 2.
  59. Wong, Sin Yeng; Boyce, Peter C. (2010). "Studies on Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) of Borneo IX: A new genus, Hestia, and resurrection of Apoballis". Botanical Studies. 51 (2): 249–255.
  60. Bunting, George S. (1975). "Nuevas Especies para la Revision de las Araceas Venezolanas" [New species for the revision of Venezuelan Araceae]. Acta Botánica Venezuélica. 10 (1/4): 263–335, 264. JSTOR 41740660.
  61. Dalzell, N.A. (1852). "Contributions to the Botany of Western India". Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany. 4: 107–114, 289–295, 341–347, 289.
  62. Gonçalves, Eduardo G. (2012). "Lorenzia (Araceae — Spathicarpeae): A New Genus from Northern Brazil Supported by matK Sequence Data" (PDF). Systematic Botany. 37 (1): 48–52. doi:10.1600/036364412X616620. Retrieved 2013-09-20.
  63. Schott (1857). "Mangonia, eine Aroidea" [Mangonia, an Aroid]. Österreichisches Botanisches Wochenblatt. 7 (10): 77. doi:10.1007/BF02060095.
  64. Crüger, Hermann (1854). "Westindische Fragmente: II. Montrichardia, eine neue Aroideengattung" [West Indies Fragments II. Montrichardia, a New Aroid Genus]. Botanische Zeitung. 12 (2): 25–27.
  65. Schott, H. (1857). "Aroideen-Skizzen" [Aroidea notes]. Österreichisches Botanisches Wochenblatt (in German). 7 (51): 406–407. doi:10.1007/BF02071943.
  66. Wong, Sin Yeng; Boyce, Peter C. (2010). "Studies on Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) of Borneo XI: Ooia, a new genus, and a new generic delimitation for Piptospatha". Botanical Studies. 51 (4): 543–552.
  67. Rafinesque, C.S. (1819). "Prodrome des nouveaux genres de plantes observés en 1817 et 1818 dans l'intérieur des États-Unis d'Amérique" [Prodromus of new genera of plants observed in 1817 and 1818 in the interior of the United States of America]. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire Naturelle et des Arts. 89 (2): 96–107.
  68. Schott, H. (1857). "Aroideen-Skizzen" [Aroidea notes]. Österreichisches Botanisches Wochenblatt (in German). 7 (54): 421–422. doi:10.1007/BF02230209.
  69. Hotta, M. (1965). "Notes on Schismatoglottidinae of Borneo. I.". Memoirs of the College of Science, Kyoto Imperial University, Series B. 32 (1): 19–30, 29.
  70. Tenore, Michele (1839). "Della Pinellia nuovo genere nella famiglia delle Aroidee; memoria". Atti della Reale Accademia delle Scienze, Sezione della Società Reale Borbonica. 4: 57–71.
  71. "New Garden Plants". The Gardeners' Chronicle. New Series. 11 (1): 138. 1879.
  72. Engler, A. (1901). "Protarum Engl. nov., Eine neue interessante Gattung der Araceen von den Seschellen". Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie. 30 (Supp. 67): 42.
  73. Engler, A. (1893). "Araceae Africanae". Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie. 15 (4): 447–466, 455.
  74. Schott, H.G. (1860). Prodromus systematis Aroidearum. Vienna: Typis Congregationis Mechitharisticae. p. 214.
  75. Moritzi, A. (1846). Systematisches Verzeichnis der von H. Zollinger in den Jahren 1842-1844 auf Java gesammelten Pflanzen, nebst einer kurzen Beschreibung der neuen Gattungen und Arten. Solothurn: Verlag des Verfassers. p. 83.
  76. Schott, H. (1859). "Aroideenskizzen". Bonplandia (in German). 7 (11): 163–165.
  77. Hooker, J. (1831). "Spathicarpa hastifolia". Botanical Miscellany. 2: 146–148.
  78. Koch, C. (1862). "Steudnera colocasiaefolia, Eine neue Aroidee". Wochenscrift des Vereines zur Befördung des Gärtenbaues in den Königl. Preussischen Staaten für Gärtnerei und Pflanzenkunde (in German). 5: 114–116.
  79. Leprieur, F.R. (1834). "Note sur le Stylochaton hypogeum, plante de la Sénégambie, constituant un genre nouveau dans la famille des Aroïdées". Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique. Série 2 (in French). 2: 184–186.
  80. Engler, A. (1883). "Beiträge zur Kentniss der Aracee" [Contributions to the knowledge of the Aracee]. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie (in German). 4: 59–66.
  81. Schott, H. (1857). "Eine Aroidee". Österreichisches Botanisches Wochenblatt. 7 (28): 221–222. doi:10.1007/BF02059011.
  82. Blume, C.L. (1835). "Collectanea ad monographiam aroidearum, praecipue admeliorem generum indicum cognitionem". Rumphia, sive, Commentationes botanicæ. 1. pp. 73–154, 127.
  83. Engler, A. (1906). "Ulearum Engl. nov. gen". Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie. 37 (1): 95–96.
  84. Sprengel, Kurt (1826). Systema Vegetabilium. 3 (16th ed.). p. 754.
  85. "New Garden Plants". The Gardeners' Chronicle. New Series. 16 (400): 266. 1881.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.