List of common 3D test models

This is a list of models and meshes commonly used in 3D computer graphics for testing and demonstrating rendering algorithms and visual effects. Their use is important for comparing results, similar to the way standard test images are used in image processing.

Models by year of creation
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
Model name Model image Year of creation Creator Origin Model size Creation method Inspiration Comments
Utah teapot
1975 Martin Newell University of Utah 28 Bézier patches

(32 with the bottom)[1]

 Modeled[lower-alpha 1] Melitta teapot Also called the "Newell teapot"
Cornell box
1984 Cindy M. Goral, Kenneth E. Torrance, Donald P. Greenberg, Bennett Battaile Cornell University 5 quads[lower-alpha 2]

1 light source

 Modeled Scene includes multiple models and light source. Many versions exist, but only one of them is considered the standard Cornell box.
Stanford bunny
1993-94[2] Greg Turk, Marc Levoy Stanford University 69,451 triangles[2] Scanned Ceramic rabbit[3] A test of range scanning physical objects. Originally .ply file.
Stanford dragon
1996[2] Stanford University 1,132,830 triangles Scanned Chinese dragon.
Wooden Elk Toy 2000[4] Hans-Peter Seidel Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik Photogrammetry Often used as an example of a non-trivial object with high genus.
Suzanne
2002 Willem-Paul van Overbruggen Blender 500 faces Modeled Orangutan from the movie Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back Chimpanzee head for Blender[5]
Phlegmatic Dragon[6] 2007 Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Technical University in Prague Eurographics 2007 conference 667,214 faces (original)
480,076 faces (smoothed)		 Scanned
David[7][8] 2009 Stanford University ~1 billion polygons Scanned[9] Michelangelo's 5-meter statue of David Only available to established scholars and for non-commercial use only.[8]
Fertility 2009 AIM@SHAPE Repository (scanned at Utrecht University) 241,607 vertices
483,226 triangles		 Scanned Small statue with two joined figures. Laser scanned from a stone sculpture.
Crytek Sponza 2010 Frank Meinl Crytek 262,267 triangles
184,330 vertices[10]		 Modeled[10] The colonnaded atrium of the Sponza Palace in Dubrovnik[10] Used for demonstrating global illumination techniques[11][12][13][14]
Spot
2012 Keenan Crane Caltech 2,930 vertices
5,856 triangles		 Modeled A cartoon cow A spotted cow with Catmull-Clark control mesh, quadrangulation, triangulation, vector texture, and bitmap texture. All meshes are manifold, genus-0 embeddings.
3DBenchy
2015 Creative Tools 112,569 verts

225,154 tris

 Modeled A happy little cartoon boat Specifically designed for testing the accuracy and capabilities of 3D printers
The Other Nefertiti 2015 Nora Al-Badri and Jan Nikolai Nelles ~2 million triangles Scanned Nefertiti bust The bust of the Egyptian queen Nefertiti. The mesh was scanned by Nora Al-Badri and Jan Nikolai Nelles from the Nefertiti bust, which was created in 1345 BC by Thutmose.

Notes
  1. One of the first models not to be measured.
  2. Note that the color is important of the left and right walls.

See also

References
  1. "The Utah Teapot". www.holmes3d.net. Retrieved 2020-10-28.
  2. "The Stanford 3D Scanning Repository". Stanford University. 22 Dec 2010. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  3. Greg Turk (2000). "The Stanford Bunny". Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  4. Michael Goesele; Wolfgang Heidrich; Hendrik P. A. Lensch; Hans-Peter Seidel. "Building a Photo Studio for Measurement Purposes, January 2000". Computer Graphics Group, Max-Planck-Institut fur Informatik. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
  5. by clicking Add → Mesh → Monkey
  6. "EG 2007 Phlegmatic Dragon". Eurographics 2007. 12 May 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  7. Levoy, Marc (August 11, 2009). "The Digital Michelangelo Project". Stanford University. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  8. Levoy, Marc (August 19, 2014). "The Digital Michelangelo Project Archive of 3D Models". Stanford University. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  9. Levoy, Marc (November 27, 1998). "The Stanford Large Statue Scanner". Stanford University. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  10. Morgan McGuire. "McGuire Computer Graphics Archive".
  11. Jennifer O'Connor (1 July 2010). Mastering mental ray: Rendering Techniques for 3D and CAD Professionals. John Wiley & Sons. p. 175. ISBN 0470563850. The Sponza Palaze atrium scene has become a classic demonstration model for indirect illumination techniques in a wide variety of applications
  12. Robert McMillan (24 September 2014). "Nvidia Proves We Walked on the Moon—Not That It Needed To". Wired. It cooked up a demo using a standard graphics simulation called the Sponza Atrium, a computer-generated stroll through a renaissance-style hallway.
  13. Matt Pharr; Greg Humphreys (26 August 2010). Physically Based Rendering: From Theory to Implementation. Morgan Kaufmann. p. 493. ISBN 0123750792.
  14. Jaroslav Krivanek; Pascal Gautron (2009). Practical Global Illumination with Irradiance Caching. Morgan & Claypool Publishers. p. 85. ISBN 1598296442.
  15. This is a physical reproduction made by rapid prototyping.
Standard test models
Other repositories
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