List of convicted war criminals
This is a list of convicted war criminals as according to the conduct and rules of warfare as defined by the Nuremberg Trials following World War II as well as earlier agreements established by the Hague Conferences of 1899 and 1907, the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928, and the Geneva Conventions of 1929 and 1949.
A
- Mohammad Abdullah, Syrian soldier, convicted of appearing in photos standing over a pile of bodies.[1]
- Heinrich Otto Abetz (1903–1958), German ambassador to France, sentenced to 20 years
- Jean-Paul Akayesu (born 1953), Rwandan politician who served as the mayor of the Taba commune, sentenced to life in prison for aiding and abetting in the Rwandan genocide.
- Muto Akira (1883–1948), Japanese army commander and member of the General High Staff, sentenced to death
- Oussama Achraf Akhlafa, Islamic State militant, sentenced to 7½ years in prison.[2]
- Zlatko Aleksovski (born 1960), Bosnian Croat commander of a prison facility, sentenced to 7 years[3]
- Ali Daeem Ali (born 1940), Iraqi Baathist official, sentenced to 15 years[4][5]
- Josef Altstötter (1892–1979), German Ministry of Justice official, sentenced to five years in prison but was released on parole after only two-and-a-half years.
- Otto Ambros (1901–1990), chemist in Nazi Germany, created unethical weapons used at concentration camps, sentenced to 8 years in prison at the Nuremberg IG Farben trial, released in 1951.
- Ion Antonescu (1882–1946), Prime Minister of Romania during World War II, found guilty of multiple war crimes by the Romanian People's Tribunals and executed by firing squad
- Mihai Antonescu (1907–1946), Romanian government official; found guilty by the Romanian People's Tribunals; executed;
- Andrija Artuković (1899–1988), Croatian minister of Justice and Internal Affairs, Ustasha, sentenced to death, but died before execution
- Ghulam Azam (1922–2014), former leader of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami sentenced to 90 years' imprisonment for war crimes committed during the Bangladesh Liberation War
- Tariq Aziz (1936–2015), Iraqi foreign minister under Saddam Hussein, death sentence later commuted to life imprisonment where he died in custody
B
- Milan Babić (1956–2006), Croatian Serb and prime minister of Republic of Serb Krajina. Sentenced to 13 years following agreement[6]
- Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski (1899–1972), German official and SS officer
- Théoneste Bagosora (born 1941), Rwandan Armed Forces officer sentenced to life in prison for his role in planning and carrying out the Rwandan genocide, later reduced to 35 years on appeal.
- Hans Baier (1893–1969), economic administration for the SS in Nazi Germany, sentenced to 10 years in prison at the Nuremberg Pohl trial, released in 1951.
- László Baky (1898–1946), Hungarian Interior Ministry official
- Haradin Bala (1957–2018), Kosovo Albanian soldier, sentenced to 13 years in prison for war crimes committed at Lapušnik prison camp.
- Robert Bales (born 1973), United States Army soldier, sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole for perpetrating the Kandahar massacre during the War in Afghanistan.
- Awad Hamed al-Bandar (1945–2007), Iraqi chief judge, sentenced to death
- Klaus Barbie (1913–1991), German Gestapo officer
- Laszlo Bardossy (1890–1946), Hungarian Prime Minister
- Franz Anton Basch (1901–1946), German Nazi leader in Hungary
- Hermann Becker-Freyseng (1910–1961), consultant for aviation medicine in Nazi Germany, sentenced to 20 years in prison, taken into American custody until his death.
- Wilhelm Beiglböck (1905–1963), medical internist in Nazi Germany, sentenced to 15 years in prison in the Nuremberg doctors' trial.
- Nicola Bellomo (1881–1945), Italian Army general, executed by firing squad
- Jean-Pierre Bemba (born 1962), Congolese politician and former rebel leader, sentenced to 18 years in prison for war crimes committed in the Central African Republic, but the conviction was overturned after he served 10 years of his original sentence.
- Gottlob Berger (1897–1975), German SS official
- Werner Best (1903–1989), German Plenipotentiary of Denmark
- Hans Biebow (1902–1947), chief of German Administration of the Łódź Ghetto
- Augustin Bizimungu (born 1952), Chief of Staff of the Rwandan Army, sentenced to 30 years in prison for his role in the Rwandan genocide.
- Tihomir Blaškić (born 1960), Bosnian Croat sentenced to 45 years, changed to 9 years following appeal[7]
- Paul Blobel (1894–1951), German Einsatzgruppe C official
- Kurt Blome (1894–1969), high ranking scientist in Nazi Germany, charged in the Nuremberg doctor's trial, avoided sentencing by taking a job in the United States.
- Hanns Bobermin (1903–1960), economic administrator for the SS in Nazi Germany, sentenced to 20 years in prison at the Nuremberg Pohl trial, released in 1951.
- Franz Böhme (1885–1947), Nazi general in Nazi-occupied Yugoslavia, indicted for war crimes at the Nuremberg Hostages Trial, committed suicide in prison.
- Martin Ludwig Bormann (1900–c. 1945), German Party Chancellor, Tried at Nuremberg in absentia
- Philipp Bouhler (1899–1945), German Führer Chancellory of in ficial
- Viktor Brack (1904 –1948), German Führer Chancellory official
- Otto Bradfisch (1903–1994), member of the German SS Obersturmbannführer, Leader of Einsatzkommando 8 of Einsatzgruppe B of the Security Police (Sicherheitspolizei) and the SD, and Commander of the Security Police in Litzmannstadt (Łódź) and Potsdam
- Miroslav Bralo (born 1967), Bosnian Croat member of the "Jokers" anti-terrorist platoon, sentenced to 20 years[8]
- Karl Brandt (1904–1948), German Plenipotentiary for Health official
- Rudolf Brandt (1909–1948), secretary of Heinrich Himmler
- Walther von Brauchitsch (1881–1948), German Commander-in-Chief of the Army
- Werner Braune (1909–1951), German Einsatzgruppe D official
- Radoslav Brdjanin (born 1948), Bosnian Serb sentenced to 32 years (30 following appeal)[9]
- Fernand de Brinon (1885–1947), French collaborator and member of the Vichy government
- Heinz Brückner (born 1913), German official on illegal extradition, sentenced to 15 years in prison at the Nuremberg RuSHA trial, released in 1951.
- Yuri Budanov (1963–2011), officer of the Russian Armed Forces, sentenced to ten years in prison for war crimes committed during both the First and Second Chechen Wars, later released on parole after serving four years.
- Josef Bühler (1904–1948), German Generalgouvernement official
- Ernst Bürgin (1885–1966), German industrialist, created unethical weapons in Nazi-occupied Norway, sentenced to 2 years in prison at the Nuremberg IG Farben trial.
- Odilo Burkart (1899–1979), Nazi industrialist, charged and indicted with using slave labor at the Nuremberg Flick trial, released in 1947.
- Heinrich Bütefisch (1894–1969), Chemist in Nazi Germany, member of the SS, sentenced to 6 years in prison at the Nuremberg IG Farben trial, released in 1951.
C
- William Calley (born 1943), United States Army soldier who was one of the main perpetrators of the My Lai Massacre during the Vietnam War, initially sentenced to life in prison, but this was later changed to house arrest, and he would be released on parole only three years later.
- Santos Cardona (1974–2009), convicted of torturing detainees at Ab Ghraib prison.[10]
- Pietro Caruso (1899–1944), Italian police chief of Rome
- Mario Čerkez (born 1959), Bosnian Croat sentenced to 6 years[11]
- Ranko Česić (born 1964), Bosnian Serb sentenced to 18 years for Brčko[12]
- Nuon Chea (born 1926), second-in-command of the Khmer Rouge, sentenced to life in prison for his role in the Cambodian genocide.
- Carl Clauberg (1898–1957), Nazi doctor (gynecologist) who conducted human experiments at the Auschwitz concentration camp
- Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury (1949–2015), former member of the Parliament of Bangladesh, sentenced to death for multiple war crimes committed during the Bangladesh Liberation War and hanged.
- Rudolf Creutz (1896–1980), Austrian member of the Nazi SS, ordered mass deportation, sentenced to 15 years in prison at the Nuremberg RuSHA trial, released in 1955.
D
- Kurt Daluege (1897–1946), German ORPO and Protektorat official
- Theodor Dannecker (1913–1945), German SS deportation expert in France and Bulgaria
- Joseph Darnand (1897–1945), Vichy French chief of police.
- Ernst Dehner (1889–1970), Nazi general, sentenced to 7 years in prison at the Nuremberg Hostages trial, released in 1951.
- Hazim Delić (born 1964), Bosnian Muslim sentenced to 18 years for Čelebići prison camp[13]
- Dominyk Delta (1892–1966), personal bodyguard to Adolf Hitler and commander of Nazi security
- Otto Dietrich (1898–1957), personal Press Secretary to Adolf Hitler
- Kenji Doihara (1883–1948), Japanese general
- Oskar Dirlewanger (1895-1945), German Oberführer who committed one of the most notorious war crimes in WWII
- Karl Donitz (1891–1980), German naval commander and Hitler's appointed successor
- Anton Dostler (1891–1945), German General
- Damir Došen (born 1967), Bosnian Serb, sentenced to 5 years for Keraterm camp[14]
- Sekula Drljević (1884–1945), Montenegrin Nazi collaborator
- Momčilo Đujić (1907–1999), Serbian commander of the Chetniks, sentenced to death in absentia for multiple war crimes committed in Yugoslavia during World War II.
- Walter Dürrfeld (1899–1967), industrialist at Monowitz concentration camp, sentenced to 8 years in prison at the Nuremberg IG Farben trial.
- Thomas Lubanga Dyilo (born 1960), leader of the Union of Congolese Patriots during the Ituri conflict, sentenced to 14 years in prison for the crime of forcibly conscripting child soldiers.
E
- Adolf Eichmann (1906–1962), German SS official
- August Eigruber (1907–1947), German Gauleiter of Oberdonau (Upper Danube) and Landeshauptmann of Upper Austria
- Franz Eirenschmalz (born in 1901), economic administrator for the SS in Nazi Germany, sentenced to death at the Nuremberg Pohl trial, commuted and released in 1951.
- László Endre (1895–1946), Hungarian Minister of the Interior
- Lynndie England (born 1982), member of the United States Army reserve, sentenced to 3 years in prison for her role in the Abu Ghraib scandal, released on parole after serving 2 years.
- Franz von Epp (1882–1946), Bavarian politician
- Hans Eppinger (1879–1946), Austrian physician who performed medical experiments on prisoners in the Dachau concentration camp
- Dražen Erdemović (born 1972), Bosnian Croat who fought for Serb forces and was sentenced to 5 years for Pileca farm (part of Srebrenica massacre)[15]
- Gottfried von Erdmannsdorff (1893–1946), German general
F
- Heinz Fanslau (1909–1987), general of the SS in Nazi Germany, sentenced to 20 years in prison at the Nuremberg Pohl trial, released in 1954.
- Hellmuth Felmy (1885–1965), Nazi commander in Southern Greece, sentenced to 15 years in prison at the Nuremberg Hostages Trial, released in 1951.
- Champ Ferguson (1821-1865), Confederate guerrilla leader sentenced to death for the murders of civilians, prisoners and wounded soldiers during the American Civil War.
- Miroslav Filipović (1915–1946), Croatian Ustashi and administrator of the Jasenovac concentration camp
- Fritz Fischer (1912–2003), doctor who committed experiments at Ravensbrück concentration camp, sentenced to life in prison at the Nuremberg doctor's trial, released in 1954.
- Friedrich Flick (1883–1972), Nazi industrialist, sentenced to 7 years in prison at the Nuremberg Flick trial.
- Albert Forster (1902–1952), Nazi German politician who served as Gauleiter of the Free City of Danzig, sentenced to death and hanged.
- August Frank (1898–1984), SS administrator and economist, sentenced to life in prison at the Nuremberg Pohl trial, commuted to 15 years.
- Hans Frank (1900–1946), governor of Nazi-occupied Poland, sentenced to death and hanged.
- Ivan Frederick (born 1966), convicted of torturing detainees at Ab Ghraib prison.[16]
- Wilhelm Frick (1877–1946), governor of Nazi-occupied Bohemia and Moravia, sentenced to death and hanged.
- Walther Funk (1890–1960), minister for economic affairs in Nazi Germany, sentenced to life in prison, released in 1957.
G
- Stanislav Galić, Bosnian Serb commander in Siege of Sarajevo. Sentenced to 20 years,[17] appealed and had his sentence changed to life imprisonment[18]
- Augustine Gbao (born 1948), paramilitary commander for the Revolutionary United Front, sentenced to 25 years in prison for war crimes committed during the Sierra Leone Civil War.
- Karl Gebhardt (died 1948), German SS chief clinician
- Karl Genzken (1895–1957), German SS medical officer
- Richard Glücks (1889–1945), German WVHA official
- Hermann Wilhelm Göring (1893–1946), Commander of the German Luftwaffe
- Amon Göth (1908–1946), Commandant at Nazi concentration camp at Płaszów, Poland
- Charles Graner (born 1968), member of the United States Army reserve, sentenced to 10 years in prison for his role in the Abu Ghraib scandal, released on parole after serving 6 years.
- Steven Dale Green, United States Army soldier, sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole for his role in the Mahmudiyah rape and killings during the Iraq War.
- Ulrich Greifelt (died 1949), German Main Office official
- Arthur Greiser (died 1946), German Gauleiter of Wartheland
- Irma Grese (1923–1945), German administrator of the Auschwitz concentration camp
- Oskar Gröning, accessory to mass murder (by handling victims' confiscated possessions) in the Auschwitz concentration camp, sentenced to four years' imprisonment
- Karl Gropler (1923–2013), SS Unterscharführer, sentenced to life imprisonment for the Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre[19]
- Guido Buffarini Guidi (1895–1945), Minister of the Interior for the Italian Social Republic, found guilty of committing ethnic cleansing during World War II and executed by firing squad in 1945
H
- Paul Häfliger (1886–1950), committed war crimes on behalf of Germany in Nazi-occupied Norway, sentenced to 2 years in prison at the Nuremberg IG Farben trial.
- Siegfried Handloser (1885–1954), Chief of the German Armed Forces Medical Services in Nazi Germany, sentenced to life in prison, released in 1954.
- Fritz Hartjenstein (1905–1954), German Auschwitz concentration camp administrator
- Emil Haussmann (died 1948), German major
- August Heissmeyer (1897–1979), German SS officer
- Konrad Henlein (1898–1945), German Gauleiter of Sudetenland
- Eberhard Herf (1887–1946), German police official who served as the commander of the Order Police units in Minsk, Belarus, executed by hanging.
- Rudolf Hess (1894–1987), deputy Führer (leader) of Nazi Germany
- Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich (1904–1942), chief of the SD, the Gestapo, the SIPO & the RSHA and Acting Reichprotektor of Bohemia and Moravia until his assassination in June 1942.
- Alphonse Higaniro (born 1949), factory owner, sentenced to 20 years.[20][21]
- Friedrich Hildebrandt (1898–1948), German RuSHA chief and Higher SS and Police Leader of Danzig
- Richard Hildebrandt (1895–1945), German NSDAP Gauleiter of Franconia and SA Gruppenführer
- Oskar von Hindenburg (1883–1960), German commander of prisoner of war camps in East Prussia
- Hirota Koki (1878–1948), Japanese premier from 1936 to 1937
- August Hirt (1898–1945), German medical officer who ran the Struthof-Nazweiler laboratory
- Franz Hofer (1902–1975), German Gauleiter of the Tyrol and Vorarlberg
- Hermann Julius Höfle (1911–1962), German Higher SS and Police Leader in Slovakia
- Otto Hofmann (1896–1982), German RuSHA official
- Karl Holz (1895–1945), German NSDAP Gauleiter of Franconia and SA Gruppenführer
- Homma Masaharu (1887–1946), Japanese general involved in the Bataan Death March
- Rudolf Hoess (1900–1947), German Auschwitz concentration camp commander and deputy inspector of Nazi concentration camps
- Hans Hohberg, executive officer of the SS in Nazi Germany, sentenced to 10 years in prison at the Nuremberg Pohl trial, released in 1951.
- Franz Hössler (1906–1945), German SS officer who served as a deputy camp commander at both Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen concentration camps, executed by hanging in 1945.
- Hermann Hoth (1885–1971), German commander of Panzer Group 3, Army Group Center, 17th Group Army and Army Group South
- Waldemar Hoven (1903–1948), German Buchenwald concentration camp doctor.
- Herbert Hübner (1902–1951), German SS leader, deported people from Poland during the Second World War, sentenced to 15 years in prison at the Nuremberg RuSHA trial, released in 1951.
- Saddam Hussein (1937–2006), President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003, executed by hanging for the Dujail Massacre in 2006.
I
- Sabawi Ibrahim (died 2009), Iraqi Directorate of General Security
- Kang Kek Iew, Leader of the Khmer Rouge oversaw Tuol Sleng where thousands were murdered and tortured. Sentenced to 30 years' imprisonment and then to life by the Cambodia Tribunal
- Max Ilgner (1895–1957), German IG Farben official
- Béla Imrédy (1891–1946), Hungarian Prime Minister
- Seishirō Itagaki (1885–1948), Japanese War Minister
J
- Friedrich Jähne (1879–1965), engineer in Nazi Germany, sentenced to 18 months in prison at the Nuremberg IG Farben trial, released in 1948.
- Andor Jaross (1896–1946), Hungarian Nazi collaborator, executed by firing squad
- Friedrich Jeckeln (died 1946), German SS officer and Police Leader of Ostland
- Goran Jelisić (born 1968), Bosnian Serb sentenced to 40 years for murders in Brčko. Personally killed 13 civilians[22]
- Zhang Jinghui (1871–1959), Prime Minister of Manchukuo from 1935 to 1945
- Alfred Jodl (1890–1946), German commander of operations personnel
- Günther Joël (1903–1978), prosecutor in Nazi Germany, sentenced to 5 years in prison at the Nuremberg judges' trial, released in 1951.
- Miodrag Jokić (born 1935), commander of the Yugoslav Navy, sentenced to 7 years in prison for war crimes committed during the Siege of Dubrovnik.
- Drago Josipović (born 1955), Bosnian Croat sentenced to 15, changed to 12 years following appeal[23][24]
- Heinz Jost (1904–1964), German Einsatzgruppe commander
- William Joyce (1906–1946), American-born Nazi propagandist, convicted of high treason and executed by hanging.
- Hans Jüttner (1894–1965), commander of German SS's Main Leadership Office and Obergruppenführer.
K
- Ernst Kaltenbrunner (1903–1946), Chief of the SD, the SiPo & the RSHA after Reinhard Heydrich's assassination. Highest-ranking Nazi official to stand trial at Nuremberg. Executed by hanging.
- Brima Bazzy Kamara (born 1968), commander in the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council, sentenced to 45 years in prison for multiple war crimes committed during the Sierra Leone Civil War.
- Jean Kambanda (born 1955), Rwandan politician who served as Prime Minister in the caretaker government of Rwanda during the Rwandan genocide, sentenced to life in prison for his role in planning and carrying out the genocide.
- Santigie Borbor Kanu (born 1965), senior commander of the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council, sentenced to 51 years in prison for war crimes committed during the Sierra Leone Civil War.
- Radovan Karadžić (born 1945), Bosnian Serb politician who served as President of Republika Srpska during the Bosnian War, sentenced to life in prison for eleven counts of war crimes.
- Germain Katanga (born 1978), former leader of the Patriotic Resistance Front of Ituri, sentenced to 12 years in prison for his role in the Bogoro massacre.
- Wilhelm Keitel (1882–1946), German Field Marshal. Sentenced to death by hanging at Nuremberg.
- Omar Khadr, Canadian convicted for murder and supporting terrorism[25]
- Ashrafuz Zaman Khan, sentenced to death by hanging for the murder of 18 people described as prominent intellectuals, during the 1971 liberation war of Bangladesh from Pakistan[26]
- Max Kiefer (1889–1974), economic administrator for the SS in Nazi Germany, sentenced to life in prison at the Nuremberg Pohl trial, released in 1951.
- Maria Kisito, sentenced to 12 years in prison for supplying gasoline to a militia to burn refugees with.[21]
- Dietrich Klagges (1891–1971), German politician and premier (Ministerpräsident) of Braunschweig
- Horst Klein (born 1910), economic administrator for the SS in Nazi Germany, charged and indicted in the Nuremberg Pohl trial, released in 1947.
- Herbert Klemm (1903–1961), State Secretary in the Ministry of Justice in Nazi Germany, sentenced to life in prison at the Nuremberg judges' trial, released in 1956.
- Fritz Knoechlein (1911–1949), SS Obersturmbannführer, convicted and executed for war crimes (Le Paradis massacre)
- Ilse Koch (1906–1967), German female officer at Buchenwald and Sachsenhausen concentration camps
- Dragan Kolundžija (born 1959), Bosnian Serb, sentenced to 3 years for Keraterm camp[14]
- Dario Kordić (born 1960), Bosnian Croat, sentenced to 25 years[11]
- Milojica Kos, Bosnian Serb, sentenced to 6 years for Omarska camp[27]
- Radomir Kovač (born 1961), Bosnian Serb sentenced to 20 years[28]
- Momčilo Krajišnik, Bosnian Serb politician, sentenced to 27 years[29]
- Carl Krauch (1887–1968), Chairman of the Supervisory Board, member of Göring's Office of the Four-Year Plan, sentenced to 6 years in prison at the Nuremberg IG Farben trial, released in 1950.
- Milorad Krnojelac, Bosnian Serb sentenced to 7½ years for Foča massacres. Following appeal, his sentence was raised to 15 years[30]
- Radislav Krstić, Bosnian Serb sentenced to 46 years (35 following appeal) for his part in the Srebrenica massacre, also found guilty of being an accomplice to genocide,[31] first such ruling at ICTY
- Alfred Krupp {1907–1967} German Steel/Arms maker; involved in slave labour
- Hans Kugler (1900–1968), German industrialist, took over French companies in Nazi-occupied France, sentenced to 18 months in prison at the Nuremberg IG Farben trial, released in 1948.
- Dragoljub Kunarac (born 1960), Bosnian Serb sentenced to 28 years[28]
- Walter Kuntze (1883–1960), Nazi general who served as the commander of the 12th Army, sentenced to life in prison but ended up being released in 1953.
- Franz Kutschera (1904–1944), German SS general and Gauleiter of Carinthia.
- Slavko Kvaternik (1878–1947), Croatian military commander and Minister of Domobranstvo (Armed Forces)
- Miroslav Kvocka, Bosnian Serb, sentenced to 7 years for Omarska camp[27]
L
- Esad Landžo, Bosnian Muslim sentenced to 15 years for Čelebići prison camp[13]
- Hubert Lanz (1896–1982), Nazi general, sentenced to 12 years in prison at the Nuremberg Hostages Trial, released in 1951.
- Ernst Lautz (1887–1979), Chief Public Prosecutor of the People's Court, sentenced to 10 years in prison at the Nuremberg judges' trial, released in 1951.
- Robert Ley (1890–1945), head of the labor force in Nazi Germany, indicted at the Nuremberg trials, committed suicide in custody.
- Wilhelm List (1880–1971), Nazi German field marshall, sentenced to life in prison at the Nuremberg hostages' trial, released in 1952.
- Hinrich Lohse (1896–1964), German politician
- Alexander Löhr (1885–1947), Austrian and German Air Force (Luftwaffe) commander
- Werner Lorenz (1891–1974), German head of Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle (Repatriation Office for Ethnic Germans) and an SS Obergruppenführer.
- Georg Lörner (1899–1959), administrator and economist in the SS in Nazi Germany, sentenced to death, commuted and released in 1954.
- Hans Lörner (Born 1893), senior leader of the SS in Nazi Germany, sentenced to 10 years in prison at the Nuremberg Pohl trial, released in 1951.
- Milan Lukić (born 1967), commander of the White Eagles paramilitary group, sentenced to life in prison for his role in the Višegrad massacres during the Bosnian War.
- Sreten Lukić (born 1955), former Chief of the Serbian Police, sentenced to 22 years in prison for war crimes committed during the Kosovo War.
M
- Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi (born 1975), member of Ansar Dine, sentenced to 9 years in prison for the war crime of attacking various religious buildings during the Northern Mali conflict.
- Ali Hassan al-Majid (1941–2010), Iraqi Baathist Defense Minister, executed for war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide
- Abid Hamid Mahmud (died 2010), Iraqi military officer
- Mengistu Haile Mariam (born 1937), Chairman of the Derg military junta, sentenced to death in absentia for his role in the Qey Shibir.
- Milan Martić (born 1954), President and defence minister of Croatian Serbs during Croatian War of Independence, sentenced to 35 years[32]
- Vinko Martinović (born 1963), Bosnian Croat sentenced to 18 years[33]
- Iwane Matsui (1878–1948), general in the Imperial Japanese Army, sentenced to death and hanged for his involvement in the Rape of Nanking.
- Emil Maurice (1897–1972), member of the SS, sentenced to four years of labor.
- Fritz ter Meer (1884–1967), industrialist in Nazi Germany, planned the Monowitz concentration camp, sentenced to 7 years in prison at the Nuremberg IG Farben trial, released in 1951.
- Wolfgang Mettgenberg (1882–1950), representative of the ministry of justice in Nazi Germany, sentenced to 10 years in prison at the Nuremberg judges' trial, died in Landsberg Prison.
- Konrad Meyer (1901–1973), General in the Nazi SS, created the Generalplan Ost resulting in the deportation of over 30 million Slavic people, sentenced to time served at the Nuremberg RuSHA trial, released in 1948.
- August Meyszner (1886–1947), Higher SS and Police Leader in the German-occupied territory of Serbia.
- Draža Mihailović (1893–1946), founder of the Chetniks sentenced to death for genocidal actions taken against Jewish, Muslim and Croat civilians.
- Erhard Milch (1892–1972), World War II German Luftwaffe officer.
- Ljubo Miloš (1919–1948), Ustaše official in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) during World War II
- Dragomir Milošević (born 1942), Bosnian Serb soldier in the Army of Republika Srpska, sentenced to 29 years in prison for war crimes committed during the Siege of Sarajevo.
- Ratko Mladić (born 1943), officer in the Army of Republika Srpska during the Yugoslav Wars, sentenced to life in prison for roles in the Siege of Sarajevo and Srebrenica massacre.
- Abdul Quader Molla (born 1948), Convicted war criminal from Bangladesh, sentenced to death for mass murder in 1971[34]
- Efraín Ríos Montt (1926–2018), President of Guatemala from 1982 to 1983, sentenced to 80 years in prison for war crimes and acts of genocide perpetrated during the Guatemala Civil War.
- Harry 'Breaker' Harbord Morant (1864–1902), convicted and executed for illegal summary executions of Boer and other prisoners during the Second Boer War.
- Carmen Mory, convicted and sentenced to death.
- Mile Mrkšić (1947–2015), Serb General convicted to 20 years for the Vukovar massacre[35]
- Joachim Mrugowsky (1905–1948), senior hygienist in Nazi Germany, sentenced to death in the Nuremberg doctor's trial, executed in 1948.
- Zdravko Mucić, Bosnian Croat sentenced to 9 years for Čelebići prison camp[13]
- Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin, sentenced to death by hanging for the murder of 18 people described as prominent intellectuals, during 1971 liberation war of Bangladesh from Pakistan.[26]
- Gertrude Mukangango, sentenced to 15 years for handing over Tutsi refugees to the militia during the Rwandan genocide.[21][36]
- Karl Mummenthey (born 1906), economic administrator for the SS in Nazi Germany, sentenced to life in prison, released in 1953.
- Désiré Munyaneza (born 1966), Rwandan businessman, sentenced to life in prison for committing multiple acts of war rape during the Rwandan genocide.
- Franz Murer (1912–1994), Austrian Nazi SS officer, sentenced to 25 years in prison for multiple extrajudicial killings in Vilnius
N
- Antun Najzer, Croatian physician and member of the Fascist Ustase movement. He was sentenced to execution by a firing squad.
- Hiromi Nakayama (died 1946), Imperial Japanese Army who convicted for war crime.
- Mladen Naletilić Tuta (born 1946), Bosnian Croat sentenced to 20 years[33]
- Erich Naumann (died 1951), German Einsatzgruppe B commander
- Günther Nebelung (1896–1970), Chief Justice of the Nazi People's Court, interned by the Allies I'm 1945, indicted in the Nuremberg judges' trial, released in 1947.
- Hermann Neubacher (died 1960), German supported mayor of Vienna and Southeast Economic Plenipotentiary
- Konstantin von Neurath (1873–1956), German Foreign Minister and Reichsprotektor
- Hassan Ngeze (born 1957), Rwandan journalist and politician, sentenced to life in prison for his role in the Rwandan genocide, later reduced to 35 years on appeal.
- Dragan Nikolić, Bosnian Serb sentenced to 23 years[37]
- Takuma Nishimura (1889–1951), Japanese military officer who was found guilty of perpetrating the Parit Sulong Massacre during World War II, executed by hanging in 1951.
- Motiur Rahman Nizami (1943–2016), leader of Al Badr, sentenced to death and hanged for his role in masterminding the Demra massacre during the Bangladesh Liberation War.
- Mirko Norac (born 1967), Croatian Army general sentenced to 12 years in prison for various war crimes committed during the Croatian War of Independence.
- Bosco Ntaganda (born 1973), former chief of staff of the National Congress for the Defence of the People sentenced to 30 years' imprisonment for war crimes.
- Vincent Ntezimana, university professor, sentenced to 12 years.[21][38]
- Bernard Ntuyahaga (born 1952), Rwandan Army officer, sentenced to 20 years in prison for his role in the murder of ten Belgian United Nations peacekeepers at the beginning of the Rwandan genocide.
- Aziz Saleh Nuhmah, Iraqi governor of Kuwait during occupation
- Takuma Nishimura (1889–1951), Japanese army general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. He was executed in the then Australian territory of Papua and New Guinea.
- Ildephonse Nizeyimana (born 1963), Rwandan soldier, who was convicted of having participated in the Rwandan genocide.
- Pauline Nyiramasuhuko (born 1946), Rwandan politician. She was indicted on the charges of conspiracy to commit genocide.
O
- Herta Oberheuser (1911–1978), doctor at the Ravensbrück concentration camp, sentenced to 20 years in prison at the doctors' trial, released in 1952.
- Marc Antony Ocasio (died 1951), German Einsatzgruppe D commander
- Rudolf Oeschey (1903–1980), Chief judge of the Special Court at Nuremberg in Nazi Germany, sentenced to life in prison at the Nuremberg judges' trial, released in 1956.
- Dragoljub Ojdanić (born 1941), former Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Yugoslavia, sentenced to 15 years in prison for committing acts of forced displacement during the Kosovo War.
- Hiroshi Ōshima (1886–1975), Japanese ambassador to Germany
- Heinrich Oster (1878–1954), Nazi industrialist, sentenced to 2 years in prison at the Nuremberg IG Farben trial, released in 1949.
P
- Friedrich Panzinger (1903–1959), German RSHA official
- Franz von Papen (1879–1969), German diplomat and deputy chancellor
- Enver Pasha (1881–1922), Triumvir of the Ottoman Empire, sentenced to death in absentia for his role in the Armenian Genocide.
- Ante Pavelić (1889–1959), Croatian leader of the Ustaše, sentenced to death in absentia for multiple war crimes perpetrated during World War II.
- Donald Payne ( 1970-) first member of the British armed forces to be convicted of a war crime, for the killing of Baha Mousa.He was jailed for one year and dismissed from the army.[39]
- Joachim Peiper (1915–1976), SS-Standartenführer, 1st SS Panzer Division, Leibstandarte-SS Adolf Hitler, held responsible for the Malmedy massacre during the Malmedy massacre trial
- Philippe Pétain (1856–1951), Marshal of France and head of the collaborative Vichy France, sentenced to death first, then life imprisonment
- Hans Petersen (1886–1963), Chief Justice of the people's court in Nazi Germany, charged and indicted in the Nuremberg judges' trial, released in 1947.
- Constantin Petrovicescu (1883–1949), Romanian soldier and member of the Iron Guard, sentenced to life in prison for war crimes committed during World War II.
- Biljana Plavšić (born 1930), Bosnian Serb politician and former president of the Republika Srpska. Sentenced to 11 years[40]
- Paul Pleiger (1899–1985), German state adviser and corporate general director, sentenced to 15 years
- Oswald Pohl (died 1951), German WVHA official
- Hermann Pook (1901–1983), dentist for the SS in Nazi Germany, sentenced to 10 years in prison at the Nuremberg Pohl trial, released in 1951.
- Helmut Poppendick (1902–1994), chief of personal staff in Nazi Germany, sentenced to 10 years in prison at the doctors' trial, released in 1951.
- Slobodan Praljak (1945–2017), Bosnian Croat general sentenced to 20 years in prison by the ICC for war crimes committed against the Bosniak population. He committed suicide upon hearing of the verdict.
- Dragoljub Pricac, Bosnian Serb, sentenced to 5 years for Omarska camp[27]
R
- Mlado Radić Bosnian Serb, sentenced to 20 years for Omarska camp[27]
- Erich Raeder (1876–1960), German grand admiral, sentenced to life imprisonment, later released
- Friedrich Rainer (1903–1947?), German Gauleiter and an Austrian Landeshauptmann of Salzburg and Carinthia, sentenced to death
- Ivica Rajić (born 1958), Bosnian Croat sentenced to 12 years[41]
- Taha Yassin Ramadan (1938–2007), Iraqi Vice President, 1991–2003, sentenced to life imprisonment, appealed to death
- Hanns Albin Rauter (died 1949), German Higher SS and Police Leader in the Netherlands, sentenced to death
- Giovanni Ravalli (1910–1998), soldier in the Royal Italian Army during World War II, initially received a life sentence but was pardoned after serving 13 years.
- Hermann Reinecke (1888–1973), German OKW official, sentenced to life imprisonment, later released
- Lothar Rendulic (1887–1971), German commander of 52nd Infantry Division, sentenced to 20 years (later 10)
- Tharcisse Renzaho (born 1944), Rwandan soldier and head of the Civil Defence Committee for Kigali, sentenced to life in prison for his role in the Rwandan genocide.
- Joachim von Ribbentrop (1893–1946), German foreign minister, sentenced to death
- Karl von Roques (died 1949), German Rear Area Army Group South commander
- Gerhard Rose (1896–1992), expert on tropical disease in Nazi Germany, performed experiments in Dachau and Buchenwald concentration camp, sentenced to life in prison at the doctors' trial, released in 1955.
- Alfred Ernst Rosenberg (1893–1946), German east minister, sentenced to death
- Oswald Rothaug (1897–1967), Chief Justice of the special court in Nazi Germany, sentenced to Life in prison at the Nuremberg judges' Trial, released in 1956.
- Curt Rothenberger (1896–1959), State Secretary in the Ministry of Justice in Nazi Germany, sentenced to 7 years in prison at the Nuremberg judges' Trial, released in 1950.
- Abdullah Kadhem Ruaid (?), Iraqi Baathist official, sentenced to 15 years
- Mizhar Abdullah Ruaid (1949–present), Iraqi Baathist official, sentenced to 15 years
- Siegfried Ruff (1907–1989), physician who performed experiments at Dachau concentration camp, charged at the Nuremberg doctor's trial, avoided jail due to his work for the United States.
- Georges Rutaganda (1958–2010), commander for the Interahamwe militia, sentenced to life in prison for his role in the Rwandan genocide.
S
- Innocent Sagahutu (born 1962), soldier in the Rwandan Armed Forces who helped carry out the Rwandan genocide, sentenced to 20 years in prison, which would later be reduced to 15 years via appeal.
- Shigematsu Sakaibara (1898–1947), admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy, convicted of killing prisoners of war and executed.[42]
- Dinko Šakić (1921–2008), a convicted Croatian war criminal and commander of the Jasenovac concentration camp during World War II.
- Khieu Samphan (born 1931), Khmer Rouge official who served as Chairman of the State Presidium of Democratic Kampuchea, sentenced to life in prison for his role in the Cambodian genocide.
- Vladimir Šantić (born 1958), Bosnian Croat sentenced to 25 years, changed to 18 following appeal[23][24]
- Fritz Sauckel (1894–1946), German Labour Plenipotentiary official
- Anthony Sawoniuk (1921–2005), Belarusian collaborator
- Delwar Hossain Sayeedi (born 1940), member of the Parliament of Bangladesh, sentenced to life in prison for war crimes committed during the Bangladesh Liberation War.[43][44][45][46][47]
- Konrad Schäfer, aviation doctor in Nazi Germany, charged in the Nuremberg Doctors' trial, avoided jail due to his work for the United States.
- Gustav Adolf Scheel (1907–1979), German physician and Nazi deportation officer
- Rudolf Scheide (born 1908), economic administrator for the SS in Nazi Germany, charged and indicted in the Nuremberg Pohl trial, released in 1947.
- Walter Schellenberg (died 1952), German RSHA official
- Baldur von Schirach (1907–1974), German Vienna Reichsstatthalter
- Franz Schlegelberger (1876–1970), German State Secretary in the Reich Ministry of Justice (RMJ) and later Justice Minister
- Hermann Schmitz (1881–1960), sentenced to 4 years in prison at the Nuremberg IG Farben trial, released in 1950.
- Georg von Schnitzler (1884–1962), sentenced to 5 years in prison at the Nuremberg IG Farben trial, released in 1949.
- Oskar Schröder (died 1958), Chief of Staff of the Inspectorate of the Medical Service in Nazi Germany, sentenced to life in prison at the Nuremberg Doctors' trial, released in 1954.
- Erwin Schulz (1900–1981), German Nazi SS general
- Heinrich Schwarz (1906–1947), German administrator of the Auschwitz III Monowitz concentration camp.
- Otto Schwarzenberger (born in 1900), Chief of war in Nazi Germany, sentenced to time served in the Nuremberg RuSHA trial, released in 1947.
- Adolfo Scilingo (born 1946), Argentine naval officer, sentenced to life in prison for multiple acts of torture and extrajudicial killings during the Dirty War.
- Siegfried Seidl (1911–1947), German administrator of the Theresienstadt concentration camp
- Athanase Seromba (born 1963), Rwandan Catholic priest, sentenced to life in prison for aiding and abetting in the Rwandan genocide.
- Vincenzo Serrentino (1897–1947), Italian judge of the Italian Extraordinary Court for Dalmatia
- Tomislav Sertić (1902–1945), member of the Croatian World War II Ustaše regime
- Vjekoslav Servatzy Croatian Ustaše military officer
- Issa Sesay (born 1970), senior officer of the Revolutionary United Front, sentenced to 52 years in prison for war crimes committed during the Sierra Leone Civil War.
- Artur Seyss-Inquart (1892–1946), Austrian government official, collaborator and High Commissioner of the Netherlands
- Mamoru Shigemitsu (1887–1957), Japanese foreign minister
- Wolfram Sievers (died 1948), German Ahnenerbe official
- Duško Sikirica (born 1964), Bosnian Serb, sentenced to 15 years for Keraterm camp[14]
- Blagoje Simić (born 1960), Bosnian Serb sentenced to 17 years for Bosanski Šamac[48]
- Milan Šimić (born 1960), Bosnian Serb sentenced to 5 years[49]
- Veselin Šljivančanin, Serb Colonel convicted to 5 years for the Vukovar massacre[35]
- Karl Sommer (born in 1915), economic administrator for the SS in Nazi Germany, sentenced to death at the Nuremberg Pohl trial, commuted and released in 1953.
- Albert Speer (1905–1981), German armament and munitions minister.
- Wilhelm Speidel (1895–1970), Nazi general, sentenced to 20 years in prison at the Nuremberg Hostages Trial, released in 1951.
- Franz Walter Stahlecker (died 1942), German Foreign Office official
- Milomir Stakić (born 1962), Bosnian Serb sentenced to life imprisonment for war crimes in Prijedor and nearby concentration camps[50]
- Franz Stangl (1908–1971), German SS officer and administrator of the Sobibór and of the Treblinka concentration camps.
- Slavko Štancer (1872–1945), commander-in-chief and inspector-general of "Domobranstvo", the regular army of the Independent State of Croatia during the Second World War
- Otto Steinbrinck (1888–1949), German industrialist and member of the SS
- Julius Streicher (1885–1946), German journalist and editor of the Der Stürmer
- Jürgen Stroop (died 1951), German SS and Police leader in Warsaw
- Pavle Strugar (born 1933), Serb general in the Siege of Dubrovnik. Sentenced to 8 years[51]
- Wilhelm Stuckart (died 1953), German Interior Ministry official
- Otto von Stulpnagel (died 1948), German military commander of Nazi-occupied France
- Ferenc Szálasi (1897–1946), Hungarian head of state
- Dome Sztojay (died 1946), Hungarian prime minister
T
- Duško Tadić, Bosnian Serb sentenced to 25 years[52]
- Miroslav Tadić (born 1937), Bosnian Serb sentenced to 8 years for Bosanski Šamac[48]
- Charles Taylor (born 1948), 22nd President of Liberia, guilty on 11 counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity during both the Sierra Leone Civil War and the Second Liberian Civil War.
- Josef Terboven (1898–1945), German Nazi commissioner of Norway
- Hashim Thaci (born 1968), Kosovo President
- Otto Thierack (1889–1946), German justice minister
- Fritz Thyssen (1873–1951), German industrialist
- Jozef Tiso (1887–1947), President of the First Slovak Republic, sentenced to death and hanged for his role in the Holocaust in Slovakia.
- Stevan Todorović, Bosnian Serb sentenced to 10 years for Bosanski Šamac[53]
- Hideki Tōjō (1884–1948), Japanese prime minister and general in the Imperial Japanese Army, sentenced to death and hanged.
- Zdravko Tolimir (1948–2016), Bosnian Serb soldier in the Army of Republika Srpska, sentenced to life in prison for his involvement in the Srebrenica massacre.
- Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti (1951–2007), Iraqi head of Mukhabarat, sentenced to death
- Watban Ibrahim al-Tikriti (died 2009), Former Iraqi interior minister
- Erwin Tschentscher (1903–1972), economic administrator of the SS in Nazi Germany, sentenced to 10 years in prison at the Nuremberg Pohl trial, released in 1951.
- Vojtech Tuka (1880–1946), Prime Minister of the First Slovak Republic from 1939 to 1945, found guilty for mass deportation of Slovak Jews and executed by hanging in 1946.
- Harald Turner (1891–1947), SS commander and Staatsrat (privy councillor) in the German military administration of the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia
U
- Yoshijirō Umezu (1882–1949), successor to Hideki Tojo as Chief of the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office, found guilty of waging a war of aggression and sentenced to life in prison in 1948
V
- Frans van Anraat (born 1942), Dutch arms dealer who sold raw materials for the production of chemical weapons to Saddam Hussein, sentenced to 15 years in prison.
- Mitar Vasiljević, Bosnian Serb sentenced to 20 years, later lowered to 15 years for war crimes in Višegrad[54]
- Cyriel Verschaeve (1874–1949), Flemish priest and Nazi collaborator, sentenced to death in absentia.
- Jorge Rafael Videla (1925–2013), President of Argentina from 1976 to 1981, found guilty of multiple war crimes and crimes against humanity during the Dirty War and sentenced to life in prison.
- Josef Vogt (1884–1967), SS economic and administrative official, indicted in the Nuremberg Pohl trial, released in 1947.
- Leo Volk (1909–1973), head of legal department of the SS in Nazi Germany, sentenced to 10 years in prison at the Nuremberg Pohl trial, released in 1951.
- Wilhelm von Ammon (1903–1992), administrator in the ministry of Justice in Nazi Germany, sentenced to 10 years in prison at the Nuremberg judges' trial, released in 1951.
- Ernst von Leyser (1889–1962), Nazi general, sentenced to 10 years in prison at the Nuremberg Hostages Trial, released in 1951.
- Zoran Vuković (born 1955), Bosnian Serb sentenced to 12 years[28]
W
- Robert Wagner (1895–1946), German Chief of Civil Administration in Alsace and Reichsstatthalter of Baden
- Walter Warlimont (1894–1976), German OKW official
- Maximilian von Weichs (1881–1954), German field marshal
- Bernhard Weiss (died 1973), Nazi industrialist, sentenced to 2½ years in prison at the Nuremberg Flick trial.
- Glendale Wells, specialist; he pleaded guilty to being an accessory in the death of the prisoner known as Dilawar.[55]
- Georg August Weltz (1889–1963), radiologist in Nazi Germany, performed experiments at Dachau concentration camp, indicted for crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg doctors' trial, avoided jail due to his work in the medical field in Germany.
- Carl Westphal (1902–1946), administrator for the ministry of Justice in Nazi Germany, committed suicide after being charged and indicted in the Nuremberg judges' trial.
- Henry Wirz (1822–1865), Confederate administrator of the Andersonville Camp
- Dieter Wisliceny (died 1948), German SS deportation expert in Greece, Slovakia and Hungary
- Karl Wolff (1900–1984), Heinrich Himmler Chief of Staff
Y
- Tomoyuki Yamashita (1885–1946), Japanese general; his conviction resulted in establishing a new doctrine regarding criminal culpability for the involvement of chain of command in war crimes: Yamashita standard.
Z
- Simo Zarić (born 1948), Bosnian Serb sentenced to 6 years for Bosanski Šamac[48]
- Zoran Žigić, Bosnian Serb, sentenced to 25 years for Omarska camp[27]
Notes
Yugoslav Wars
After the Yugoslav Wars, an international Court was formed to try war criminals (ICTY). However, ICTY tried only a selected number of high-ranking people (a total of 161), with local Courts (in Bosnia, Croatia and Serbia) starting trials mostly against individuals or soldiers who carried out orders of those high-ranking officers. Many of those have been convicted.
Croatia raised charges against 3666 people for war crimes, of which 1381 were dropped due to lack of evidence.[56]
References
- Syrian Soldier is Guilty of War Crime
- Dutch court convicts Islamic State militant of war crimes
- ICTY: Aleksovski Judgement
- Saddam trial: Verdicts in detail
- Ali Daeem Ali Archived 2012-10-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ICTY: Babić Judgement
- ICTY: Blaškić appeal Judgement
- ICTY: Bralo Judgement
- ICTY: Brdjanin appeal Judgement
- Abu Ghraib dog handler convicted
- ICTY: Kordić and Čerkez Judgement
- ICTY: Česić Judgement
- ICTY: Mucic and others Judgement
- ICTY Judgment document
- ICTY: Erdemovic Judgement
- Eight years for US soldier who abused prisoners
- ICTY: Galić Judgement
- ICTY: Galić appeal Judgement
- TRIAL International: Alphonse Higaniro
- Nuns convicted of mass slaughter in Rwandan convent
- ICTY: Jelisić Judgement
- ICTY: Kupreskic and others Judgment
- ICTY: Kupreskic and others Appeal Judgement
- https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/omar-khadr-to-seek-clemency-in-hopes-of-early-release-from-gitmo/article1901038/
- https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/04/world/asia/bangladesh-sentences-2-to-death-for-war-crimes.html
- BBC: Bosnia concentration camp guards jailed
- ICTY: Kunarec and others Appeal Judgement
- Krajišnik Judgement summary
- ICTY: Krnojelac Appeal Judgement
- ICTY: Krstic appeal Judgement
- ICTY: Martić sentence summary Archived 2007-08-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ICTY: Naletilic and Martinovic Judgement
- http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2013/09/201391735611372698.html
- ICTY: Judgement in Mrkšić, Šljivančanin and Radić case
- May 5, 1994: Sister Gertrude Mukangango caused the death of Tutsi in Sovu
- ICTY: Dragan Nikolić Judgement
- TRIAL International: Vincent Ntezimana
- First British soldier to be convicted of a war crime is jailed for ill-treatment of Iraqi civilians
- ICTY: Plavsic Judgement
- ICTY: Rajić Judgement
- Executed Today: Shigematsu Sakaibara, "I obey with pleasure"
- https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-21611769
- https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/28/us-bangladesh-tribunal-idUSBRE91R0AN20130228
- http://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/27/world/asia/bangladesh-protests/?hpt=wo_c2
- Bangladesh Jamaat leader sentenced to death
- http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2013/02/28/sayedee-to-hang
- ICTY: Simic and others Judgment
- ICTY: Šimić Judgment
- ICTY: Stakić Judgment
- ICTY: Strugar Judgment
- ICTY: Duško Tadić Judgement
- ICTY: Todorović Judgement
- ICTY: Vasiljevic appeal Judgement
- Afghan abuse sentence "lenient"
- (in Croatian) Jutarnji List: State Attorney says 3666 war crime cases since 1991
- Glueck, Sheldon. War Criminals: Their Prosecution and Punishment. New York: Kraus Reprint Corporation, 1966.
- Minear, Richard H. Victors' Justice: The Tokyo War Crimes Trial. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1971.
- Taylor, Telford. Nuremberg and Vietnam: an American Tragedy. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1970.
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