List of defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States

This is a list of defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States. They were discontinued for various reasons, such as bankruptcy of the parent company, mergers, or being phased out.

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

  • Zehr (1912–1915)[3]
  • Zent (1900–1902, 1904–1906)[3]
  • Zentmobile (1903)[3]
  • Zimmer Motorcars (1978–1988)
  • Zimmerman (1908–1915)[3]
  • Zip (1913–1914)[3]

See also

Notes

  1. Kimes and Clark, p.11
  2. Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925 (New York: Bonanza Books, 1950), p.190.
  3. Clymer, p.210.
  4. Clymer, p.205; Kimes 1985, p. 18
  5. Flory, J. "Kelly", Jr. American Cars 1946–1959 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Coy, 2008), p.1016.
  6. "Allen Touring Car 37 Fiche Info 1916". www.plandegraissage.org. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  7. "The Allen Automobile & The Allen Iron & Steel Company". american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  8. "Flyer". www.bessermuseum.org. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  9. Kimes, p.29
  10. Clymer, p.205.
  11. "Another Flash In The Pan….The Shaw". www.theoldmotor.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  12. Clymer, p.170.
  13. "The American Automobile & The American Motors Corporation". www.american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  14. Clymer, p.31.
  15. "F.A. Ames Co., Ames Body Corp., Ames Speedster, Ames Buggy Co., Carriage Woodstock Co., Ford Model T, Ames Motor Car Co". www.coachbuilt.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  16. Kimes, p.47
  17. Clymer, p.205; Kimes 1985, p. 19
  18. Clymer, p.170-1.
  19. Kimes, p.50
  20. Kimes, p.57
  21. Flory, p.1016.
  22. Clymer, p.23 & 205.
  23. Kimes, p.74
  24. Kimes, p.74
  25. Kimes, p.74
  26. Clymer, pp.178 & 205.
  27. Clymer, p.205.
  28. Clymer, pp.153 & 205.
  29. Clymer, pp.190 & 205.
  30. Clymer, p.170.
  31. Clymer, pp.38 & 205.
  32. Flory, p.1016.
  33. Clymer, p.193.
  34. Clymer, p.205.
  35. Clymer, pp.190 & 205.
  36. Clymer, pp.190.
  37. Clymer, p.170-1.
  38. Clymer, p.115.
  39. Clymer, pp. 5, 61, & 205.
  40. Flory, p.1016.
  41. Clymer, p.23.
  42. Clymer, pp.190 & 205.
  43. Clymer, p.206.
  44. Clymer, pp.5 & 190.
  45. Clymer, p.178.
  46. Suman-Hreblay, Marián (2000). Automobile Manufacturers Worldwide Registry. McFarland. p. 56. ISBN 9781476611402. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  47. Clymer, pp.16, 170, & 206.
  48. One of three companies by this name. Clymer, pp.23 & 206.
  49. Clymer, p.206.
  50. Clymer, p.206.
  51. Clymer, p.153.
  52. Kimes 1985, p. 252
  53. Clymer, pp.22 & 178.
  54. Clymer, p.206.
  55. Clymer, p.206.
  56. Clymer, p.206.
  57. Clymer, pp.25 & 206.
  58. Clymer, p.23.
  59. Clymer, p.190.
  60. Built in Little Rock, Arkansas. Clymer, p.178.
  61. Kimes 1985, p. 331
  62. Clipper Division, Studebaker-Packard Corp.; Packard, A History of the Motor Car and the Company (General edition), Beverly Rae Kimes, editor (1978), Automobile Quarterly", ISBN 0-915038-11-0"
  63. Triumph an Tragedy: The Last Real Packards by Richard M. Langworth, in Collectible Automobile, September 1984 issue; p. 6-25; (ISSN 0742-812X)
  64. Clymer, p.178.
  65. Clymer, p.87.
  66. Clymer, p.104.
  67. Clymer, p.63.
  68. Clymer, p.206.
  69. Clymer, p.206.
  70. Clymer, p.145.
  71. Clymer, p.206.
  72. Clymer, p.67.
  73. "Electric car for the average Joe not far away". Wheels.ca. September 14, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  74. Kimes 1985, p. 357
  75. Clymer, p.158.
  76. Clymer, p.206.
  77. Clymer, p.209.
  78. Clymer, p.206.
  79. Clymer, pp.170 & 206.
  80. Clymer, pp.190 & 206.
  81. Clymer, p.206.
  82. One of two companies by this name. Clymer, pp.158 & 206.
  83. Named for the horse, built in Minneapolis. Clymer, p.178.
  84. Built in St. Louis, Missouri. Clymer, p.93.
  85. Clymer, pp.5 & 206.
  86. Clymer, p.170
  87. Kimes(1985), p. 403
  88. Kimes(1985), p. 403-404
  89. Kimes(1985), p. 404-405
  90. Kimes(1985), p. 405
  91. Kimes(1985), p. 405-406
  92. Kimes(1985), p. 406
  93. Distinct from the tractor. Clymer, p.206.
  94. Built in Cleveland. Clymer, pp.190 & 206.
  95. Built in Indiana. Distinct from DeSoto. Clymer, p.178.
  96. Distinct from DeSoto Motor Car Company. Clymer, p.178.
  97. Offered an electric phaeton before 1916. Clymer, pp.38 & 205.
  98. Distinct from Diamond T. Clymer, p.206.
  99. Clymer, p.206. Tourist was a model.
  100. Clymer, p.5.
  101. Clymer, p.206. By Alberto Santos-Dumont
  102. Clymer, p.206. Founder was later the author of Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia.
  103. Conceived by Buckminster Fuller.
  104. Built in Wisconsin, distinct from the Michigan company. Clymer, p.153.
  105. Steam and electric cars, built in Cleveland. Clymer, p.190.
  106. Clymer, p.206. No connection to Eaton's.
  107. Clymer, p.38.
  108. Clymer, p.206. No connection to Electric Launch Company.
  109. Johnson model. Clymer, pp.23 & 207. Distinct from the Elite steam automobile company.
  110. Clymer, p.207.
  111. Clymer, p.170-1 & 207.
  112. Built in Cincinnati, Ohio. Clymer, p.104.
  113. Later Halladay or Streator, eventually Barley. Clymer, p.207.
  114. Car and truck maker, based in Cleveland. Clymer, p.190.
  115. Built in Chicago. Clymer, p.104.
  116. Clymer, p.207.
  117. Clymer, p.207.
  118. Clymer, p.207.
  119. "Early American Automobiles 1904 Models". Retrieved October 5, 2014.
  120. http://www.northfield.org/files/REGuide031908.pdf
  121. Clymer, p.166.
  122. Clymer, p.207.
  123. Clymer, p.40.
  124. Clymer, p.207.
  125. Kimes & Clark, 'Standard Catalog, p.574.
  126. Clymer, p.63.
  127. Kimes & Clark, 'Standard Catalog, p.574.
  128. Kimes & Clark, 'Standard Catalog, p.574.
  129. Kimes & Clark, 'Standard Catalog, p.574.
  130. Not counting the Blair-Forth, of 1908. Kimes & Clark, 'Standard Catalog, p.574.
  131. Not counting the Blair-Forth, of 1908. Kimes & Clark, 'Standard Catalog, pp.574-575.
  132. Kimes & Clark, 'Standard Catalog, p.575.
  133. Kimes 1985, p. 1289
  134. Clymer, p.16.
  135. Kimes 1985, p. 593
  136. Clymer, p.153.
  137. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland. Clymer, p.190.
  138. Clymer, p.51.
  139. Kimes, Clark (1996), p.625.
  140. Distinct from the Gearless steamer. Clymer, p.207.
  141. Made by the multinational as experimental models.
  142. Clymer, p.207. Distinct from the multinational
  143. Gasoline and steam. Clymer, pp.23 & 190.
  144. Flory, p.1016, credits them only for 1950.
  145. Supposedly from Atlanta, Georgia. Clymer, p.207.
  146. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland 1916–1922. Clymer, p.190.
  147. Clymer, p.178.
  148. Clymer, pp.14 & 22.
  149. Kimes 1985, p. 1447
  150. One of two companies by this name. Clymer, p.207.
  151. Truck maker, based in Cleveland. Clymer, p.190.
  152. Clymer, pp.170 & 190.
  153. Schwarzkopf, E.E. (1910). Automobile Topics. volume 19. p. 1456. Retrieved December 5, 2019. (Google books)
  154. Sherron, Chas. B. (1907). American Vehicle: Devoted to the Interests of the Vehicle and Accessory Trades. volume 20. p. 26. Retrieved December 5, 2019. Google books: (Automobile Notes)
  155. No relation to the school. Clymer, p.170.
  156. "Indiana Truck History Report". Archived from the original on July 25, 2015. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
  157. Kimes 1985, p. 652,761
  158. Distinct from Hatfield Motor Vehicle Company and the Hatfield Company truck manufacturer. Kimes 1985, p. 682
  159. Kimes(1985), p. 1524
  160. An air-cooled, built in Wisconsin, sold for US$2000. Clymer, p.23.
  161. Clymer, p.112.
  162. Clymer, p.207. Distinct from Hewitt-Lindstrom.
  163. Steam and gasoline, based in Cleveland. Clymer, pp.23 & 190.
  164. Distinct from the Australian company.
  165. Clymer, p.207. Distinct from Holley.
  166. Clymer, pp.170–1 & 207.
  167. Clymer, pp.23 & 207.
  168. Clymer, pp.5 & 23.
  169. Clymer, pp.170 & 207.
  170. Kimes 1985, p. 742
  171. In Boston. Kimes 1985, pp. 769, 1407
  172. In New York City. Kimes 1985, p. 769
  173. Clymer, p.207; Kimes 1985, p. 769
  174. Clymer, p.206.
  175. In Toledo, Ohio. Clymer, p.23; Kimes 1985, p. 769
  176. In Buffalo, New York. Kimes 1985, p. 769
  177. Clymer, pp.18 & 23.
  178. Built in Wisconsin. Clymer, pp.23 & 153.
  179. Clymer, p.208.
  180. Clymer, p.208. Not to be confused with Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
  181. Also sold commercial vans of 1, 2, 3, & 6 tons. Clymer, p.53.
  182. Clymer, p.131.
  183. One of three companies by this name. Clymer, p.208.
  184. Kimes 1985, p. 769
  185. Flory, pp.1011–12.
  186. Kimes 1985, p. 774
  187. Based in Toledo, Ohio. Clymer, p.158.
  188. Kimes 1985, p. 782
  189. Based in Cleveland. Clymer, p.190.
  190. Built in Wisconsin. Clymer, p.153.
  191. Clymer, p.208. Electrette was a model.
  192. Clymer, p.208. Distinct from LaSalle.
  193. Distinct from Lewis Motocycle. Clymer, p.208.
  194. Horseless Age 1895.
  195. A four-wheeler, despite the name. Clymer, p.8.
  196. Kimes 1985, p. 828
  197. Kimes 1985, p. 635
  198. Before 1912, the cars were called Sears. Clymer, p.90.
  199. Kimes 1985, pp. 859–860
  200. Kimes 1975, p. 1004
  201. began with steam autos
  202. Clymer, p.22.
  203. Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p.890
  204. Based in Cleveland. Clymer, pp.190 & 208.
  205. Clymer, p.23.
  206. Clymer, p.208. Distinct from the Mason steamer.
  207. Truck maker, Based in Cleveland. Clymer, p.190.
  208. Built in Waterloo, Iowa. Clymer, p.93.
  209. Clymer, p.84.
  210. Built in Wisconsin by Joe Merkel, who later built the Merkel Motorcycle. Clymer, p.153.
  211. Distinct from the Meteor steamer and the Ford division. Clymer, p.23.
  212. Clymer, p.208. Distinct from the Nash
  213. Built in Waltham, Massachusetts. Clymer, p.145.
  214. Kimes 1985, p. 929
  215. Built in Moline, Illinois. Clymer, p.93.
  216. Built in Racine, Wisconsin. Clymer, pp.36 & 153.
  217. Clymer, p.57.
  218. Clymer, p.208. One of two companies by this name, distinct from Moline-Knight.
  219. Clymer, p.190.
  220. Clymer, p.208. Not to be confused with Moggie.
  221. Clymer, pp.22 & 208.
  222. Lewis, Mary Beth. "Ten Best First Facts", in Car and Driver, 1/88, p.92.
  223. Flory, p.1016, dates it to 1950.
  224. Built in Traverse City, Michigan. Clymer, pp.170 & 178.
  225. Not to be confused with the producers of the Ruxton.
  226. Clymer, pp.170–1 & 208.
  227. Often misspelled as Neilson (Clymer, p.208)
  228. Kimes 1975, p. 1003
  229. Clymer, p.208. Not to be confused with the motorcycle.
  230. Kimes 1975, p. 1005
  231. Built in Milwaukee. Clymer, p.153.
  232. Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945 (1985), p.1013
  233. Clymer, pp.170 & 209.
  234. Based in Cleveland. Clymer, pp.190 & 209.
  235. Based in Cleveland. Distinct from Owen Magnetic. Clymer, pp.190 & 209.
  236. built in Salem, Mass.; 1 gasoline & 2 electric cars Kimes 1985, p. 1063
  237. Built in Indianapolis, Indiana. Clymer, p.102.
  238. Built in Chicago. Clymer, p.151.
  239. Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p.1125
  240. Clymer, p.42.
  241. Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p.1126
  242. Clymer, pp.6 & 153.
  243. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland. Clymer, pp.5, 178, & 190.
  244. Friction-drive, built in Wisconsin. Clymer, p.153.
  245. Freund, Klaus, ed. (August 1981). Auto Katalog 1982 (in German). 25. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. p. 165.
  246. Based in Cleveland.Clymer, pp.190 & 209.
  247. Clymer, p.209. Distinct from the GM division.
  248. Clymer, pp.13 & 23.
  249. Clymer, p.209. Distinct from Porter Motor Company.
  250. Flory, p.1016. Distinct from Powell Manufacturing Company?
  251. Clymer, p.209.
  252. Distinct from the pickup. Clymer, p.209.
  253. Cars & trucks, based in Cleveland. Clymer, p.190.
  254. Clymer, p.149.
  255. Clymer, p.209. Distinct from Reading Steamer.
  256. Clymer, p.209. Said to be the cheapest car ever built.
  257. Producer of four-axle Octoauto and twin rear axle Sextoauto in Columbus, Indiana. Clymer, p.122-4.
  258. 1895 car produced by Remington Arms Company. Clymer, p.209.
  259. "Renaissance Cars Inc. / Zebra Motors Inc". Retrieved September 3, 2014.
  260. Based in Cleveland. Clymer, pp.190 & 209.
  261. Clymer, pp.22 & 209.
  262. Clymer, p.209.
  263. Clymer, pp.23 & 209.
  264. Clymer, p.209. Distinct from Rogers Steamobile. One of three companies by this name. Clymer, p.209.
  265. Rolls Royce
  266. Kimes (1985), p. 1273
  267. A tricycle. Clymer, p.8.
  268. Clymer, p.209. Also known as Dumont
  269. Clymer, p.8.
  270. Clymer, pp.90 & 209.
  271. Clymer, p.209. Distinct from Chrysler Sebring.
  272. Built in Buffalo, New York. Clymer, p.5.
  273. Built by William H. Sharp. Clymer, p.88.
  274. "Shay Model A Roadster". shayhistory.com. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  275. Dixie Junior and Dixie Tourist (1908-1910- Retrieved October 28, 2018
  276. The Horseless Age: The Automobile Trade Magazine, Volume 22- Retrieved October 28, 2018
  277. Unrelated to the steam car company. Clymer, p.210.
  278. Clymer, pp.23 & 210.
  279. One of two companies with this name. Clymer, p.210.
  280. Distinct from Stanley Motor Carriage Company. Clymer, p.210.
  281. Clymer, p.210. Distinct from Stearns (automobile).
  282. Kimes 1985, p. 512
  283. Kimes 1985, p. 1351
  284. One of three companies by this name. Clymer, p.210.
  285. Steam cars. One of three companies by this name. Clymer, pp.23 & 210.
  286. Production was continued in Canada until 1966.
  287. Flory, p.1016. Fitting Cadillac V8s into Studebakers was common in the 1950s, under the nickname Studillac, as well as into Fords as Fordillacs; it appears Flory has mistaken it.
  288. Clymer, pp.38 & 210.
  289. Clymer, p.210. Not to be confused with models from Dodge, Plymouth, Studebaker, Nash Motors, Chevrolet, or GMC.
  290. Clymer, p.52.
  291. Clymer, p.210. Unrelated to Summit Racing Equipment.
  292. Clymer, p.190, locates them in Cleveland.
  293. Clymer, pp.170 & 210.
  294. Kimes 1985, pp. 1417–1419
  295. Kimes 1985, pp. 1423–1424
  296. Kimes 1985, pp. 1463, 45
  297. Clymer, p.22; Kimes 1985, pp. 769, 1472
  298. Clymer, p.210. Unrelated to Triumph Motor Company sportscars or Triumph Engineering Co Ltd motorcycles.
  299. Distinct from the Victor steam cars. Clymer, p.210.
  300. "The Victor Page Automobile & The Victor W. Page Corp". www.american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  301. Clymer, pp.23.
  302. Kimes, Beverly R. (editor), and Clark, Henry A. The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945. Krause Publications, 1985. ISBN 0-87341-045-9. p 1455
  303. Built in Painesville, Ohio. Clymer, p.135.
  304. Detroit-based builder of "generic" cars without badges so dealers could badge them as desired. Clymer, p.146.
  305. Clymer, p.210. Distinct from Ward (electric automobile company)
  306. Clymer, p.210. Distinct from Ward (automobile company)
  307. Kimes 1985, p. 1491
  308. Kimes 1985, p. 1519
  309. Kimes 1985, p. 1521

Sources

  • Automobile Quarterly (eds.). The American Car Since 1775. Kutztown, PA: Automobile Quarterly, Inc., 1971. ISBN 0-525-05300-X
  • Bird, Anthony and Douglas-Scott Montagu of Beaulieu, Edward: Steam Cars, 1770–1970, Littlehampton Book Services Ltd., 1971. ISBN 0-304-93707-X: ISBN 978-0-304-93707-3
  • Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925. New York: Bonanza Books, 1950.
  • Clymer, Floyd and Gahagan, Harry W.: Floyd Clymer's Steam Car Scrapbook, Literary Licensing, LLC, 2012. ISBN 1-258-42699-4; ISBN 978-1-258-42699-6
  • Georgano, Nick (Ed.). The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2000. ISBN 1-57958-293-1
  • Evans, Richard J.: Steam Cars (Shire Album), Shire Publications Ltd (booklet) 1985. ISBN 0-85263-774-8; ISBN 978-0-85263-774-6
  • Headfield, John: American Steam-Car Pioneers: A Scrapbook (1st edition). Newcomen Society in North, 1984. ISBN 9994065904; ISBN 978-9994065905
  • Kimes, Beverly R. (editor), and Clark, Henry A. The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945. Krause Publications, 1975. ISBN 0-87341-111-0
  • Kimes, Beverly R. (editor), and Clark, Henry A. The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945. Krause Publications, 1985. ISBN 0-87341-045-9
  • Kimes, Beverly R., and Clark, Henry A. The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1942 (3rd edition). Iola, WI: Krause, 1996. ISBN 0-87341-428-4
  • Kirsch, David A.: The Electric Vehicle and the Burden of History. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick NJ and London, 2000. ISBN 0-8135-2809-7
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