List of dual-code rugby internationals

A dual-code rugby international is a rugby footballer who has played at the senior international level in both codes of rugby, 13-a-side rugby league and 15-a-side rugby union.

Rugby league started as a breakaway version of rugby in Northern England in 1895 and in New Zealand and Australia in 1908, and consequently a number of early top-class rugby league players had been star players in the rugby union code. Accordingly, a high proportion of Australia and New Zealand's dual-code rugby internationals played in rugby league's formative years in those countries.

From 1910 to 1995, dual-code internationals were infrequent and with the single exception of Karl Ifwersen, the player had always first appeared as a union international before shifting to league, due to strict bans applied by administrators in rugby union, which remained amateur, to those players who crossed to the professional code. In 1995 rugby union itself turned professional and the tide of switches began to reverse. Since then the vast majority of cross-code representatives have debuted internationally in league before moving to union where there is now a larger audience and more money available.

Backs have more often been successful at the highest level of both games than forwards – approximately 65% of the players here listed are backs, although pre-1995 many notable forwards moved from union to league. Since 1995 nearly 90% of the league to union converts who went on to play internationally have been backs.

The following is an incomplete list of dual-code internationals, listed by country.

Australia
No.[1]PlayerTest debut[2]YearAtCross-code debut [2]DateAtPosition
1.Dally Messenger2nd RU Test v New Zealand [3]1907BrisbaneRL Test All Golds v Wales[4]1 Jan 1908AberdareCentre
2.Denis Lutge [5]Inaugural RU Test v New Zealand[6]1903SydneyInaugural RL Test v New Zealand [7]9 May 1908SydneyForward
3.Doug McLean, Snr.2nd RU Test v British Lions[8]1904BrisbaneInaugural RL Test v New Zealand9 May 1908 [7]SydneyWinger
4.Micky DoreRU Test v New Zealand[9]1905DunedinInaugural RL Test v New Zealand[7]9 May 1908SydneyHalf-back
5.John Rosewell1st RU Test v New Zealand[10]1907SydneyInaugural RL Test v New Zealand [7]9 May 1908SydneyForward
6.Robert Graves[11]1st RU Test v New Zealand[10]1907SydneyInaugural RL Test v New Zealand[7]9 May 1908SydneyForward
7.Bill Hardcastle4th RU Test v British Lions[12]1899Sydney2nd RL Test v New Zealand [7]30 May 1908BrisbaneForward
8.George Watson1st RU Test V New Zealand[10]1907Sydney2nd RL Test v New Zealand [7]30 May 1908BrisbaneWinger
9.Alex Burdon [13]Inaugural RU Test v New Zealand[6]1903Sydney1st RL Test v Great Britain[7]12 Dec 1908LondonForward
10.Pat Walsh1st RU Test v British Lions [14]1904Sydney1st RL Test v Great Britain [7]12 Dec 1908LondonForward
11.Arthur AnlezarkRU Test v New Zealand [9]1905Dunedin3rd RL Test v Great Britain [7]10 Feb 1909BirminghamHalf-back
12.Charles Russell1st RU Test v New Zealand [10]1907Sydney1st RL Test v Great Britain18 Jun 1910 [7]SydneyWinger
13.Chris McKivat [15]1st RU Test v New Zealand[10]1907Sydney1st RL Test v Great Britain[7]18 Jun 1910SydneyHalf-back
14.John Barnett1st RU Test v New Zealand [10]1907Sydney1st RL Test v Great Britain18 Jun 1910Sydney[7]Forward
15.Bob CraigOlympic Final (RU) v Great Britain[16]1908London1st RL Test v Great Britain [7]18 Jun 1910SydneyForward
16.Jack HickeyOlympic Final (RU) v Great Britain[16]1908London1st RL Test v Great Britain18 Jun 1910SydneyCentre
17.Patrick McCue1st RU Test v New Zealand[10]1907Sydney1st RL Test v Great Britain [7]18 Nov 1911NewcastleForward
18.Herb Gilbert1st RU Test v New Zealand [17]1910Sydney1st RL Test v Great Britain[7]18 Nov 1911NewcastleCentre
19.Peter Burge1st RU Test v New Zealand[10]1907SydneyKangaroo tour match (RL)1911EnglandForward
20.Charles McMurtrieOlympic Final (RU) v Great Britain [16]1908LondonKangaroo tour match (RL)1911EnglandForward
21.Bob Stuart2nd RU Test v New Zealand [18]1910SydneyKangaroo tour match (RL)1911EnglandForward
22.Claud O'Donnell1st RU Test v New Zealand[19]1913Wellington1st RL Test v New Zealand [7]23 Aug 1919WellingtonHooker
23.Clarrie Prentice1st RU Test v New Zealand[20]1914Sydney1st RL Test v New Zealand[7]23 Aug 1919WellingtonHooker
24.Doug McLean jnr1st RU Test v South Africa[21]1933Cape Town1st RL Test v New Zealand [7]7 Aug 1937AucklandWinger
25.Trevor AllanRU Test Aust v New Zealand[22]1949WellingtonRL Other Nationalities v Wales31 Mar 1950WalesBack
26.Ken Kearney [23]1st RU Test v New Zealand[24]1947Brisbane3rd RL Test v Great Britain[7]13 Dec 1952BradfordHooker
27.Rex Mossop1st RU Test v New Zealand[25]1949Wellington1st RL Test v Great Britain[7]14 Jun 1958SydneyForward
28.Arthur Summons [26]1st RU Test v Wales[27]1958Cardiff1st RL Test v New Zealand[7]1 Jul 1961AucklandHalf-back
29.Michael ClearyRU Test v France [28]1961Sydney1st RL Test v Great Britain[7]9 Jun 1962SydneyWinger
30.Jim Lisle1st RU Test v Fiji[29]1961Brisbane3rd RL Test v Great Britain [7]14 Jul 1962SydneyFive-eighth
31.Dick ThornettRU Test v France1961Sydney1st RL Test v South Africa[7]20 Jul 1963BrisbaneForward
32.Kevin RyanRU Test v England1958London2nd RL Test v France[7]4 Jul 1964BrisbaneForward
33.Bob Honan1st RU Test v New Zealand1964Dunedin1st RL Test v New Zealand [7]1 Jun 1969AucklandBack
34.Phil Hawthorne [30]3rd RU Test v New Zealand1962Wellington1st RL Test v Great Britain [7]6 Jun 1970BrisbaneFive-eighth
35.John Brass[31]2nd RU Test v British Lions1966Brisbane1st RL Test v Great Britain[7]6 Jun 1970BrisbaneCentre
36.Stephen Knight2nd RU Test v South Africa1969Kimberley, SARLWC v Great Britain29 Oct 1972PerpignanWinger
37.Geoff Richardson1st RU Test v South Africa1971Sydney1st RL Test v Great Britain[7]15 Jun 1974BrisbaneFive-eighth
38.Ray Price1st RU Test v New Zealand1974Sydney1st RL Test v New Zealand[7]24 Jun 1978SydneyForward
39.Michael O'Connor1st RU Test v Argentina1979Buenos Aires1st RL Test v New Zealand [7]6 Jul 1986AucklandCentre
40.Ricky StuartWallaby Argentina Tour (RU)1987Argentina1st RL Test v Great Britain27 Oct 1990London [7]Half-back
41.Scott GourleyRU Test v Scotland1988Edinburgh1st RL Test v PNG [7]6 Oct 1991GorokaForward
42.Andrew WalkerRL Test v PNG Team [7]1996Port Moresby1st RU Test v New Zealand25 Jul 2000SydneyBack
43.Wendell Sailor1st RL Test v Great Britain [7]1994London1st RU Test v France22 Jun 2002MelbourneWinger
44.Mat Rogers1st RL Test v New Zealand [7]1998Auckland1st RU Test v France22 Jun 2002MelbourneBack
45.Lote Tuqiri1st RL Test v New Zealand [7]2001Wellington1st RU Test v Ireland7 Jun 2003PerthWinger
46.Timana TahuRL Test v Great Britain[7]2002Sydney1st RU Test v New Zealand26 Jun 2008SydneyCentre
47.Israel FolauRL Test v New Zealand2007Wellington1st RU Test v British and Irish Lions22 Jun 2013BrisbaneWinger
48.Karmichael HuntRL Test v New Zealand[7]2006Brisbane1st RU Test v Fiji10 Jun 2017MelbourneCentre

England
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1.Anthony StarksRU Test v Wales1896BlackheathRL Test v Other Nationalities5 Apr 1904WiganForward/Prop
2.George MarsdenRU Test v Wales1900GloucesterRL Test v Other Nationalities2 Jan 1905BradfordFive-eighth
3.Alf WoodRU Test v France1908Colombes2nd Ashes Test v Australia16 Dec 1911EdinburghForward/Prop
4.Thomas "Tommy" WoodsRU Test v Scotland1908Inverleith2nd Ashes Test v Australia16 Dec 1911EdinburghForward
5.Frank BoylenRU Test v France1908Stade Colombes2nd RL Test Northern Union v Australia10 Feb 1909Villa ParkProp
6.Dave HollandRU Test v Wales1912Twickenham1st RL Test GB v Australia27 Jun 1914SydneyForward
7.Jim BroughRU Test v New Zealand1925TwickenhamRL Test v Wales12 Apr 1926PontypriddFullback
8.Thomas HollidayRU Test v Scotland1923InverleithRL Test v Wales11 Jan 1928WiganFullback
9.Thompson "Tom" DanbyRU Test v Wales1949CardiffRL Test v Wales1 Mar 1950WiganWing
10.Ray FrenchRU Test v Wales1961CardiffRL Test GB v France11 Feb 1968ParisForward
11.Bev Risman1st RU Test v Wales1959CardiffRLWC GB v Australia25 May 1968SydneyHalf
12.Keith Fielding1st RU Test v Ireland1969Lansdowne RoadRLWC v France19 Jan 1975PerpignanWing
13.Mike Coulman1st RU Test v Australia1967TwickenhamRLWC v Wales10 Jun 1975BrisbaneProp
14.Keith SmithRU Test v France1974ParisRL Test v Wales16 Mar 1979WidnesCentre
15.Peter Williams1st RU Test v Scotland4 Apr 1987London1st RL Test v France21 Jan 1989Central ParkFly-half/Centre
16.John Bentley1st RU Test v Ireland1988Dublin1st RL Test v France8 Feb 1992PerpignanWing
17.Barrie-Jon MatherRL Test v France1994CarcasonneRU Test v Wales11 Apr 1999LondonBack
18.Jason Robinson1st RL Test v New Zealand1993LondonRU Test v Italy17 Feb 2001LondonBack
19.Andy Farrell3rd RL Test v New Zealand1993LeedsRU Test v Scotland3 Feb 2007LondonForward
20.Chris Ashton[32]RL Test v France2006LeedsRU Test v France20 Mar 2010ParisWing
21.Kyle EastmondRL Test v Wales2009BridgendRU Test v Argentina8 Jun 2013Salta
22.Joel TomkinsRL Test v France2010LeighRU Test v Australia2 Nov 2013Twickenhamcentre
23.Sam Burgess1st RL Test v New Zealand2007HuddersfieldRU Test v France15 August 2015Twickenhamcentre

Fiji
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1.Kaiava SalusaluRU Test v Tonga1982SuvaRL Test v Australia12 Jul 1996NewcastleCentre
2.Kaleveti NaisoroRU Test1991RL Test1994
3.Fili SeruRU Test v Tonga1990Nuku A'lofaRL Test v France9 Jul 1995SuvaCentre
4.Noa NadrukuRU Test v England1988SuvaRL Test v France9 Jul 1994SuvaBack
5.Jioji VatubuaRU Test v Tonga1992Nuka A'lofaRLWC v South Africa8 Oct 1995Lawkholme Lane, UKBench
6.Niumaia KorovataRU Test v Hong Kong1990Hong KongRLWC v England11 Oct 1995Central Park, UKBench
7.Kiniviliame KoroibulekaRU game v Auckland1992RLWC v Australia14 Oct 1995Alfred McAlpine Stadium, UKBench
8.Waisale VatubuaRU Test v Tonga1988Nuka A'lofaRLWC v Australia14 Oct 1995Alfred McAlpine Stadium, UKBench
9.Mesake NavugonaRU Test vs Samoa1992SuvaRLWC v Australia1 Nov 2000Gateshead International StadiumBench
10.Alipate NoileaRL Test vs Samoa2006PNC v Tonga13 Jun 2009Outside back
11.Waisale SukaRL Test vs France2008Canberra StadiumPNC v Samoa27 Jun 2009Churchill ParkOutside Center
12.Semi RadradraRLWC vs Samoa17 Nov 2013Halliwell Jones StadiumPNC v Georgia9 Jun 2018ANZ National StadiumOutside Center

France
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1.Jean GaliaRU Test v England1927Paris1st RL Test v England15 Apr 1934ParisForward
2.Max RousiéRU Test v Scotland1931Edinburgh1st RL Test v Australia2 Jan 1938ParisBack
3.Jean DaugerInaugural RL Test v Australia1938Paris1st RU Test v British Army1 Jan 1945ParisCentre
4.Jean Duhau
5.Jean Barthe
6.Jacques Merquey
7.Claude Mantoulanv Ireland1959Lansdowne Road
8.Henri MarracqRU Test v Romania1961Bayonne1st RL Test v Australia8 Dec 1963BordeauxSecond-row
9.Jean CapdouzeRU Test v South Africa1964Springs2nd RL Test v Australia17 Dec 1967CarcassonneFive-eighth
10.Fabrice EstebanezRL Test v20051st RU Test v Fiji13 Nov 2010NantesCentre

Hong Kong

Qualifying on residency, New Zealand-born Jack Nielsen became Hong Kong's first dual-code international when the Hong Kong rugby league team played their first ever international match in November 2017.[33]

No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1Jack NielsenRU Test v ???RL Test v Japan4 Nov 2017KowloonProp

Ireland
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1.Brian CarneyRLWC v Samoa2000BelfastRU Test v Scotland11 Aug 2007EdinburghBack

Italy
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1.Vincenzo BertolottoRU International v Germany1936BerlinRL Tour Match v Wigan26 Aug 1950WiganLeft-Second-row
2.Giovanni BoninoRU International v France XV1949Stade Vélodrome, MarseilleRL Tour Match v Wigan26 Aug 1950WiganLoose forward/Lock
3.Angelo ArrigoniRU International v Czechoslovakia1949Strahov Stadium, PragueRL Tour Match v Wigan26 Aug 1950WiganCentre
4.Gert PeensRU Test v Wales2002CardiffRL Test vs Serbia9 Jun 2012BelgradeWing
5.Mirco BergamascoRU Test v France2002Saint-DenisRLWCQ v Serbia22 Oct 2016BelgradeCentre

Germany
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1.James KeinhorstRU Test v ???RL Test v ???Fullback
2.Michael KerrRU Test v ???RL Test v ???Flanker

Malta
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1.Jarrod SammutRL Test v Lebanon2006SydneyRU Test v Croatia8 Oct 2008MarsaBack
2.Matt JarrettRU Test≤2009[34]?RL Test vs Lebanon[35]6 May 2017Sydney

New Zealand

There have been 33 New Zealand dual-code internationals, including 18 who made their debuts before World War One. Only two people became dual-code internationals after first representing New Zealand in rugby league: Karl Ifwersen and Sonny Bill Williams.

No.[1]PlayerTest debut[2]YearAtCross-code debut [2]DateAtPosition
1.Thomas CrossRU Test v British Lions[36]1904WellingtonRL Test All Golds v Wales[37]1 Jan 1908AberdareForward
2.Edgar WrigleyRU Test v Australia[38]1905DunedinRL Test All Golds v Wales[37]1 Jan 1908AberdareFive-eighth
3.Herbert TurtillRU Test v Australia[39][40]1905DunedinRL Test All Golds v Wales[37][39]1 Jan 1908AberdareFullback
4.Massa JohnstonRU Test Originals tour match [41]1905BritainRL Test All Golds v Wales[37][41]1 Jan 1908AberdareForward
5.William MackrellRU Test v France[4]1906ParisRL Test All Golds v Wales[4]1 Jan 1908AberdareForward
6.George SmithRU Test v Scotland[42]1905EdinburghRL Test All Golds v Northern Union [42]25 Jan 1908HeadingleyCentre
7.Duncan McGregorRU Test v Australia [43]1903SydneyRL All Golds tour [43]1908Britain & AustWing
8.Eric WatkinsRU Test v Australia [44]1905DunedinRL All Golds tour [44]1908Britain & AustForward
9.John SpencerRU Test v Australia [45]1905DunedinRL 1st Test v Australia [45]12 Jun 1909SydneyForward
11.Albert AsherRU Test v Australia[46][6]1903SydneyRL Int'l Australasia v GB [46]9 Jul 1910SydneyWinger
12.Ned HughesRU Test v Australia[47]1907SydneyRL Test v Great Britain [48]30 Jul 1910AucklandHooker
13.George A. GillettRU Test v Scotland[49]1905EdinburghRL Kiwis tour match [49]1911AustraliaFullback
14.Billy MitchellRU Test v Australia [50]1910SydneyRL Kiwis tour match [50]1911AustraliaWing
15.Arthur FrancisRU Test v Australia [51]1905DunedinRL Kiwis tour match [51]1911AustraliaForward
16.Harold HaywardRU Test v British Lions [52]1908AucklandRL Kiwis tour match [52]1912AustraliaFlanker
17.Dave EvansRU Test v Australia1910SydneyRL Kiwis tour match1912AustraliaFlanker
19.Dougie McGregorRU Test v Australia [52]1913Wellington[53]RL 3rd Test v Australia [52]6 Sep 1919AucklandWinger
20.Karl IfwersenRL Test v Australia1913AucklandRU Test v South Africa [54]17 Sep 1921Wellington2nd 5/8
21.Jim O'BrienRU international [55] v New South Wales1922SydneyRL 1st Test v Great Britain[56]2 Aug 1924WellingtonForward
22.Charles FitzgeraldRU international[55] v New South Wales1922SydneyRL 1st Test v Great Britain[56]2 Aug 1924WellingtonCentre
23.Lou PetersenRU international [55] v New South Wales [52]1921ChristchurchRL 2nd Test v Great Britain[57]6 Aug 1924WellingtonForward
24.Alphonsus CarrollRU international [55] v New South Wales [58]1920SydneyRL 1st Test v Great Britain [59]2 Oct 1926WiganHooker
25.Bert CookeRU international [55] v New South Wales1924SydneyRL 1st Test v Great Britain[60]30 Jul 1932AucklandCentre
26.Herb LilburneRU Test v Sth Africa [61]1928Port ElizabethRL 2nd Test v Australia [7]2 Oct 1935AucklandWinger
27.George NepiaRU Test v Ireland1924EdinburghRL 2nd Test v Australia14 Aug 1937AucklandFullback
28.Hawea MatairaRU Test v Australia [62]1934SydneyRL Kiwi tour match [62]1939BritainForward
30.Jimmy HaigRU Test v Australia [63]1946DunedinRL Test v England[64]20 Dec 1947BradfordHalfback
31.Kurt SherlockRU All Black tour match[65]1985ArgentinaRL 3rd Test v Australia [66]23 Jul 1989AucklandBack
32.Frano BoticaRU Test v France1986ChristchurchRL 1st Test v Australia3 Jul 1991MelbourneFullback
33.John TimuRU 1st Test v Argentina1991Buenos AiresRL 1st Test v Australia7 Jul 1995SydneyCentre
34.Marc EllisRU Test v Scotland1993EdinburghRL 1st Test v Great Britain9 May 1996AucklandBack
35.Craig InnesRU Test v Wales1989CardiffRL Rest of the World v Australia11 Jul 1997BrisbaneBack
36.Sonny Bill WilliamsRL Anzac Test v Australia2004NewcastleRU Test v England6 Nov 2010TwickenhamCentre

All Golds
Main article: 1907-1908 New Zealand rugby tour of Great Britain

The 1907 Professional All Blacks (derisively referred to by the New Zealand press as the All Golds) left New Zealand in August 1907 for their ground-breaking tour of Britain via Sydney. The squad contained eight former All Blacks in George Smith, Thomas Cross, William Mackrell, Herbert Turtill, Duncan McGregor, Eric Watkins, Massa Johnston and Edgar Wrigley. These men became New Zealand's first dual-code internationals at the point they first played on the ten-month tour.

The three matches in Sydney between 17 and 24 August against professional New South Wales rugby rebels were played under rugby union rules so do not qualify as international rugby league appearances. But full internationals under "Northern Union" (rugby league) rules were played against Wales in Aberdare on 1 Januard 1908 and three Tests against Great Britain in Leeds on 25 January 1907, Chelsea on 8 February 1907 and Cheltenham on 15 February 1908. Three Test matches were played in Australia on the homeward leg before the All Golds arrived home in June 1908 having played 48 games (tour matches and Tests) as internationals.

Samoa
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1.Earl Va'aRWC v Japan1996WrexhamRL Pacific Cup v FijiNov 1994SuvaHalf-back
2.Apollo PereliniRWC v Wales1991CardiffRLWC v France12 Oct 1995CardiffForward

Scotland
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1.Alex LaidlawRU Test v Ireland [67]1897EdinburghRL Test Other Nationalities v England1905 or 1906Bradford or WiganForward
2.Roy KinnearBritish Lions v South Africa[68]1924DurbanRL 1st Test Great Britain v Australia5 Oct 1929HullCentre
3.Dave ValentineRU Five Nations v Ireland [69]1947EdinburghRL 1st Test Great Britain v Australia9 Oct 1948LeedsForward
4.David RoseRU Test v France[70]1951ColombesRLWC Great Britain v Australia13 Nov 1954ParisThree-quarter
5.Alan TaitRWC v France [71]1987ChristchurchRLWC Final Great Britain v Australia24 Oct 1992LondonBack
6.Andy CraigRL Test v Wales1999GlasgowRU Test v Canada [72]15 Jun 2002VancouverCentre

South Africa
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1.Alan SkeneRU Test v France1958Ellis Park StadiumRL Test v Australia20 Jul 1963Lang ParkCentre, Centre
2.Colin GreenwoodRU Test v Ireland1961Newlands StadiumRL Test v Australia20 Jul 1963Lang ParkCentre, Stand-off/Five-eighth
3.Gary BothaRL Test v British Amateur Rugby League Association1999RU Test v Australia2005Loftus Versfeld

Tonga
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1.Asa AmoneRugby World Cup1987Ballymore, BrisbaneRLWC1995Wilderspool Stadium, WarringtonFly-half
2.Tevita VaikonaRLWC v New Zealand1995WarringtonRU PNC v Japan4 Jun 2006FukuokaWing
3.Salesi FinauRLWC1995Warrington1998TongaWing
4.Eddie PaeaRLWC vs Samoa2008SydneyRU Test vs United States8 Jun 2011SurreyHooker
5.Taniela Moa2011 RLWC2011Halfback

United States
No.PlayerTest debut[2]YearAtCross-code debut [2]DateAtPosition
1.David NiuRL Test v ??RU Test v ??
2.Leonard PetersRU Test v ??RL Test v ??
3.Luke HumeRL Test v ??RU Test v Canada9 Jun 2012Kingston

Wales

With 99, Wales have more than twice the number of dual-code rugby internationals than any other country.

No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1.Jack RhappsRU Test v England1897NewportRL Test Other Nationalities v England5 Apr 1904WiganForward
2.David JonesRU Test v England1902LondonRL Test v New Zealand All Golds[73]1 Jan 1908AberdareForward
3.Billy O'NeillRU Test v Scotland1904SwanseaRL Test v England28 Dec 1908BroughtonForward
4.William DowellRU Test v England1907SwanseaRL Test v England28 Dec 1908BroughtonForward
5.Jake BlackmoreRU Test v England1909CardiffRL Test v England10 Dec 1910CoventryForward
6.Ben GronowRU Test v France1910SwanseaRL Test v England10 Dec 1910CoventryForward
7.Ernie JenkinsRU Test v England1910CardiffRL Test v England10 Dec 1910CoventryForward
8.Joseph PugsleyRU Test v Scotland1910LondonRL Test v Australia7 Oct 1911Ebbw ValeForward
9.William EvansRU Test v Ireland1911CardiffRL Test v England20 Jan 1912OldhamForward
10.Percy ColdrickRU Test v England1911SwanseaRL Test v England15 Feb 1913PlymouthForward
11.Gus MerryRU Test v Ireland1912BelfastRL Test v England15 Feb 1913PlymouthForward
12.William DaviesRU Test v Scotland1912SwanseaRL Test v England14 Apr 1914SwanseaBack
13.Rees RichardsRU Test v Scotland1913InverleithRL Test v England14 Apr 1914SwanseaForward
14.Bobby LloydRU Test v Scotland1913InverleithRL Test Great Britain v Australia3 Jul 1920SydneyHalf-back
15.Brinley WilliamsRU Test v Scotland1920InverleithRL Test v England19 Jan 1921LeedsBack
16.Ike FowlerRU Test v New Zealand Army XV1919SwanseaRL Test Other Nationalities v England5 Feb 1921WorkingtonBack
17.Wick PowellRU Test v England1920SwanseaRL Test Other Nationalities v England5 Feb 1921WorkingtonBack
18.Edgar MorganRU Test v Ireland1920CardiffRL Test Great Britain v Australia1 Oct 1921LeedsForward
19.George OliverRU Test v England1920SwanseaRL Test v Australia10 Dec 1921PontypriddForward
20.Frank EvansRU Test v Scotland1921SwanseaRL Test v Australia10 Dec 1921PontypriddBack
21.Jerry SheaRU Test v New Zealand Army XV1919SwanseaRL Test v England11 Dec 1922LondonBack
22.Wilfred HodderRU Test v England1921LondonRL Test Wales v England11 Dec 1922LondonForward
23.Dai EdwardsRU Test v England1921LondonRL Test v England7 Feb 1923WiganForward
24.Joe ThompsonRU Test v England1923LondonRL Test v England1 Oct 1923HuddersfieldForward
25.Johnny RingRU Test v England1921LondonRL Test Great Britain v Australia23 Jun 1924SydneyBack
26.Ambrose BakerRU Test v Ireland1921BelfastRL Test v England7 Feb 1925WorkingtonForward
27.Mel RosserRU Test v Scotland1924InverleithRL Test v England12 Apr 1926PontypriddBack
28.Joseph JonesRU Test v France1924ParisRL Test v England12 Apr 1926PontypriddBack
29.Bryn PhillipsRU Test v England1925LondonRL Test v England12 Apr 1926PontypriddBack
30.Jack GoreRU Test v Ireland1924CardiffRL Test v New Zealand4 Dec 1926PontypriddForward
31.David Morgan JenkinsRU Test v England1926CardiffRL Test v England26 Apr 1927BroughtonForward
32.Emlyn WatkinsRU Test v Scotland1926EdinburghRL Test v England6 Apr 1927SalfordForward
33.David JenkinsRU Test v Australia1927CardiffRL Test v England6 Apr 1927SalfordForward
34.Candy EvansRU Test v England1924SwanseaRL Test v England14 Nov 1928CardiffForward
35.Edwin WilliamsRU Test v New Zealand1924SwanseaRL Test v England14 Nov 1928CardiffHalf-back
36.Tommy ReesRU Test v Ireland1926SwanseaRL Test Great Britain v Australia5 Oct 1929HullBack
37.Billy WilliamsRU Test v England1927LondonRL Test Great Britain v Australia15 Jan 1930RochdaleForward
38.Gwyn DaviesRU Test v France1928ParisRL Test v England27 Jan 1932SalfordBack
39.Trevor 'Ocker' ThomasRU Test v England1930CardiffRL Test v England27 Jan 1932SalfordForward
40.Norman FenderRU Test v Ireland1930SwanseaRL Test v England27 Jan 1932SalfordForward
41.Dicky RalphRU Test v France1931SwanseaRL Test v Australia30 Dec 1933WembleyHalf-back
42.Iorrie IsaacsRU Test v England1933LondonRL Test v Australia30 Dec 1933WembleyForward
43.Lewis ReesRU Test v Ireland1933BelfastRL Test v France1 Jan 1935BordeauxForward
44.Gomer HughesRU Test v England1934CardiffRL Test v France1 Jan 1935WiganForward
45.Con MurphyRU Test v England1935SwanseaRL Test v England1 Jan 1935BordeauxForward
46.Bert DayRU Test v Scotland1930EdinburghRL Test v England10 Apr 1935LiverpoolForward
47.Tommy ScourfieldRU Test v France1930ParisRL Test v England10 Apr 1935LiverpoolBack
48.Jack MorleyRU Test v England1929LondonRL 1st Test Great Britain v Australia19 Jun 1936SydneyBack
49.Dai ProsserRU Test v Scotland1934MurrayfieldRL Test v England7 Nov 1936PontypriddForward
50.Harold ThomasRU Test v England1936SwanseaRL Test v England5 Nov 1938LlanelliForward
51.Arthur BassettRU Test v Ireland1934SwanseaRL Test v England23 Dec 1939OdsalBack
52.Syd WilliamsRU Test v England1939LondonRL Test v England9 Nov 1940OldhamBack
53.Eddie WatkinsRU Test v New Zealand1935CardiffRL Test v England18 Oct 1941BradfordForward
54.Emrys EvansRU Test v England1937LondonRL Test v England10 Mar 1945WiganForward
55.Idwal DaviesRU Test v England1939LondonRL Test v England10 Mar 1945WiganBack
56.Willie DaviesRU Test v Ireland1936CardiffRL Test Great Britain v New Zealand1 Aug 1946AucklandHalf-back
57.George ParsonsRU Test v England1947CardiffRL Test v Australia20 Nov 1948SwanseaForward
58.Leslie WilliamsRU Test v England1947CardiffRL Test v England22 Oct 1949WiganBack
59.Terence CookRU Test v Scotland1949EdinburghRL Test v Other Nationalities31 Mar 1951SwanseaBack
60.Ray CaleRU Test v England1949CardiffRL Test v Other Nationalities1 Dec 1951SwanseaForward
61.Lewis JonesRU Test v England1950LondonRL Test v France13 Dec 1953MarseillesBack
62.Garfield OwenRU Test v Ireland1955CardiffRL Test v France1 Mar 1959ToulouseBack
63.Colin EvansRU Test v England1960LondonRL Test v England17 Feb 1963ToulouseHalf-back
64.John MantleRU Test v England1964LondonRL Test Great Britain v France16 Jan 1966PerpignanForward
65.Malcolm PriceRU Test v England1959CardiffRL Test Great Britain v Australia21 Oct 1967LeedsBack
66.John WarlowRU Test v England1962CardiffRL Test Great Britain v France2 Jun 1968AucklandForward
67.Kel CoslettRU Test v England1962LondonRL Test v England7 Nov 1968SalfordBack
68.David WatkinsRU Test v England1963CardiffRL Test v England7 Nov 1968SalfordBack
69.Terry PriceRU Test v England1965CardiffRL Test v England7 Nov 1968SalfordBack
70.Maurice RichardsRU Test v Ireland1968Lansdowne RoadRL Test v France23 Oct 1969SalfordBack
71.Keith JarrettRU Test v England1967CardiffRL Test vs France25 Jan 1970PerpignanBack
72.Keri JonesRU Test v New Zealand1967CardiffRL Test Great Britain v New Zealand31 Oct 1970SwintonBack
73.Roy MathiasRU Test v France1970CardiffRL Test v England2 Mar 1975ToulouseBack
74.Bobby WanbonRU Test v England1968LondonRL Test v England10 Jun 1975BrisbaneForward
75.Stuart GallacherRU Test v France1970CardiffRL Test v New Zealand2 Nov 1975SwanseaForward
76.John BevanRU Test v England1971CardiffRL 1st Test Great Britain v Australia15 Jun 1974BrisbaneBack
77.Glyn ShawRU Test v New Zealand1972CardiffRL Test v France15 Jan 1978WidnesForward
78.Clive GriffithsRU Test v England1979CardiffRL Test v France26 Jan 1980WidnesBack
79.Tom DavidRU Test v France1973ParisRL match v England8 Nov 1981CardiffBack
80.Steve FenwickRU Test v France1975ParisRL match v England8 Nov 1981CardiffBack
81.Paul RingerRU Test v New Zealand1978CardiffRL Test v England8 Nov 1981CardiffForward
82.Brynmor WilliamsRU Test British Lions v New Zealand1977WellingtonRL Test v England24 Oct 1982CardiffHalf-back
83.David BishopRU Test v Australia1984CardiffRL Test Great Britain v France7 Apr 1990LeedsHalf-back
84.Jonathan DaviesRU Test v England1985CardiffRL Test Great Britain v Papua New Guinea27 May 1990GorokaCentre
85.Robert AckermanRU Test v New Zealand1980CardiffRL Test v Papua New Guinea17 Oct 1991SwanseaBack
86.Gary PearceRU Test v Ireland1981CardiffRL Test v Papua New Guinea17 Oct 1991SwanseaHalf-back
87.Paul MoriartyRU Test v Ireland1986DublinRLWC Great Britain v Papua New Guinea9 Nov 1991WiganForward
88.Anthony SullivanRLWC Great Britain v Papua New Guinea1991WiganRU v Argentina10 Nov 2001CardiffBack
89.John DevereuxRU Test v England1986LondonRL Test Great Britain v France16 Feb 1992PerpignanWing
90.Mark JonesRU Test v Scotland1987EdinburghRL Test Great Britain v France16 Feb 1992PerpignanForward
91.Allan BatemanRU Test v Scotland1990CardiffRLWC Great Britain v France7 Mar 1992HullCentre
92.Richard WebsterRU Test v Australia1987RotoruaRL Test v France4 Mar 1994CardiffForward
93.Dai YoungRWC Qtr-final v England1987BrisbaneRLWC v France9 Oct 1995CardiffForward
94.Adrian HadleyRU Test v Romania1983BucharestRLWC v France9 Oct 1995CardiffBack
95.Rowland PhillipsRU Test v USA1987CardiffRLWC v France9 Oct 1995CardiffForward
96.Scott GibbsRU Test v England1991CardiffRLWC v France9 Oct 1995CardiffBack
97.Scott QuinnellRU Test v Canada1993CardiffRLWC v France9 Oct 1995CardiffForward
98.Iestyn HarrisRLWC v France1995CardiffRU v Argentina10 Nov 2001CardiffBack
99.Gareth ThomasRUWC v Japan1995BloemfonteinRL Test v Italy6 Oct 2010WrexhamBack

More than one country
No.PlayerInternational DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1.Dally Messenger2nd RU Test Australia v New Zealand1907BrisbaneRL New Zealand v Wales1 Jan 1908AberdareCentre
2.Frederick Stanley JacksonRU British Lions tour of Australasia1908RL New Zealand v Great Britain1910AucklandBack
3.Thomas WoodsRU England v Scotland1920London1st RL Test Wales v Australia10 Dec 1921Taff Vale Park, PontypriddForward/Second-row
4.Peter WilliamsRU England v Scotland1987London1st RL Test Wales v France13 Dec 1992Stade Gilbert Brutus, PerpignanFly-half/Interchange/Substitute
5.Emosi KolotoRU Test Tonga v Wales1986Nuku A'lofaRL New Zealand v ?1991Forward
6.John SchusterRU Test New Zealand v Australia1988SydneyRL Western Samoa v France5 Sep 1995CardiffBack
7.Va'aiga TuigamalaRWC New Zealand v USA1991GloucesterRLWC Western Samoa v France12 Oct 1995CardiffBack
8.Ian NobleRU Test Zimbabwe v Wales1993BulawayoRLWC South Africa v Papua New Guinea2 Nov 2000ToulouseBack
9.Henry PaulRL Test New Zealand v France1995AucklandRU England v France2 Mar 2002Saint-DenisBack
10.Michael HorakRL South Africa v ?1997?RU England v Argentina22 Jun 2002Buenos AiresBack
11.Lote TuqiriRLWC Fiji v Russia20001st RU Test Australia v Ireland7 Jun 2003PerthWinger
12.Coenraad BreytenbachRLWC South Africa v Tonga2000RU Russia v Georgia2002Centre
13.Brad ThornRL (SL) Test Australia v New Zealand [7]1997SydneyRU New Zealand v Wales21 Jun 2003HamiltonForward 14.Maurie Fa'asavaluRugby Union Samoa v South Africa2002PretoriaRL Test Great Britain v New Zealand27 Oct 2007HuddersfieldForward
15.Lesley VainikoloRL ANZAC Test New Zealand v Australia [7]1999SydneyRU England v Wales2 Feb 2008LondonWing
16.Craig GowerRL (SL) Test Australia v New Zealand[7]1997SydneyRU Test Italy v Australia13 Jun 2009Canberra StadiumFly-half / five eighth
17.Shontayne HapeRL Tri-Nations Test New Zealand v Great Britain2004HullRU Test England v Australia12 Jun 2010PerthBack
18.Tasesa LaveaRL ANZAC Test New Zealand v Australia2000?RU Samoa v Ireland13 Nov 2010DublinBack
19.Cooper VunaRLWC Tonga v Ireland2008ParramattaRU Test Australia v Wales9 Jun 2012BrisbaneBack
20.Craig WingRL Test Australia v New Zealand2002WellingtonRU Japan v UAE10 May 2013DubaiUtility/Back
21.Ben Te'oRLWC Samoa vs France2008SydneyRU England vs South Africa12 Nov 2016TwickenhamCentre
22.Marika KoroibeteRLWC Fiji v Ireland2013Rochdale1st RU Test Australia v Argentina16 Sep 2017CanberraWinger

Dally Messenger

Main article: Dally Messenger

Messenger played for Australia in rugby union, and for both New Zealand and Australia in rugby league. One week after his final Test appearance as a Wallaby, Messenger, who was born in Australia, toured Great Britain at the invitation of the New Zealand All Golds in 1907. He made his international rugby league debut on that tour representing New Zealand. His Australian international Test debut was made in Sydney in Australia's inaugural rugby league Test v the Kiwis on 9 May 1908. He made six further international rugby league appearances for Australia.

Emosi Koloto

Main article: Emosi Koloto

Koloto grew up in New Zealand playing rugby union and represented Tonga in the code before switching to league and moving to England. He was called up into the Kiwis in 1991 from the Widnes club and played five tests that year.

John Schuster

Main article: John Schuster

Schuster first played rugby union, representing both Samoa and New Zealand. Later he switched to rugby league and captained Western Samoa in two pool games at the 1995 World Cup.

Henry Paul

Main article: Henry Paul

Paul was born in New Zealand. His senior club rugby league career was played in England but between 1995 and 2001 he regularly returned to New Zealand to make international appearances for the Kiwis. When he switched to union in 2002 he became eligible to represent England by ancestry of his grandfather and he did so in 2002.

Brad Thorn

Main article: Brad Thorn

Thorn was born in Mosgiel, New Zealand. From age eight he played rugby league in Queensland and aged twenty-two he played for Australia during the Super League split year. When the code reunited in 1998 he also played for Australia.

In 2001 he moved to New Zealand and switched to rugby union. He appeared in twelve Tests for New Zealand (the All Blacks) from 2003. For 2005–06 he returned to the National Rugby League in Australia, winning a premiership with the Brisbane Broncos and playing at state level again. In 2008 he switched to rugby union for a second time and was again selected for the All Blacks.

Michael Horak

Main article: Michael Horak

Horak was born in South Africa and represented South Africa in rugby league. He switched to rugby union in 1998 moving to England to play with the Leicester Tigers. He qualifies to represent England via his English mother and did so in 2002.

Lesley Vainikolo

Main article: Lesley Vainikolo

Vainikolo was born in Tonga but raised in New Zealand playing rugby league at school. His league club career was played with the Canberra Raiders in Australia and the Bradford Bulls in England. During that period he made twelve national representative appearances for New Zealand (the Kiwis).

He took up rugby union with Gloucester Rugby in 2007. He was eligible to play for Tonga by birth, New Zealand by parentage or England by residence. He had previously declined to play for Tonga in the 2007 Rugby World Cup so that he could play for his adopted nation. He made his international rugby union debut for England v Wales in February 2008 and played in five tests that season.

Craig Gower

Main article: Craig Gower

After a successful eleven year Australian rugby league career from 1996 to 2007 with the Penrith Panthers, during which he made five State of Origin appearances for New South Wales and twenty-three Test appearances for Australia (5 for the Super League team and 18 for the ARL team), Gower moved to Europe, switched codes and signed with French rugby union side Bayonne from 2008. He is eligible to play for Italy through his Italian grandfather. He was selected for Italy on their mid-season tour of Australia and New Zealand in 2009.

Shontayne Hape

Main article: Shontayne Hape

Hape, a New Zealand Mãori, had a very successful rugby league career in both hemispheres, first with the New Zealand Warriors in the NRL (1999–2002) and then with the Bradford Bulls in the Super League (2003–2008). He made his Test debut for New Zealand in the 2004 Tri-Nations, and eventually appeared in 14 Tests for New Zealand. Hape switched codes in 2008, signing with Bath, for whom he still plays. Under IRB rules, he was already eligible to represent England on residency grounds, having lived there for well over the three years required to qualify. Hape made his union Test debut for England in 2010 against Australia.

Maurie Fa'asavalu

Main article: Maurie Fa'asavalu

Maurie Fa'asavalu is a Samoan rugby union player who formerly played rugby league for St Helens. He was picked in the Great Britain rugby league squad after living in England for 4 years. He also played for England in the 2008 Rugby League World Cup

Bill Hardcastle

Main article: Bill Hardcastle

A New Zealander and an 1897 All Black, Hardcastle journeyed to Sydney in 1899 on hearing that the visiting British rugby union team would be not be travelling to New Zealand. Australian rugby in those days had no residential rules and once he joined Sydney's Glebe RU club he qualified for Australian national selection. He was chosen for Australia in the fourth test of 1899 against Great Britain.

In rugby league he made two Test appearances for Australia and six minor appearances on the 1908 Kangaroo tour.

Va'aiga Tuigamala

Main article: Va'aiga Tuigamala

Tuigamala was nicknamed 'Inga the Winger' and initially represented New Zealand in rugby union. He then switched codes, joining Wigan in 1993. While playing league he represented Western Samoa at the 1995 World Cup. When rugby union turned professional he returned to his original code. Between 1996 and 2000 he represented Samoa in rugby union.

Lote Tuqiri

Main article: Lote Tuqiri

Born in Fiji, Tuqiri was a junior Australian rugby league international at age 19 in 1998. When he missed selection for Australia's 2000 Rugby League World Cup squad he opted to play for Fiji and captained the side in their three pool match appearances. He later played four rugby league Tests for Australia in 2001 before his 2003 switch to union and a long international representative career in that code.

Fred Jackson

Main article: Frederick Stanley Jackson

Jackson toured Australasia with the 1908 Anglo-Welsh Lions. However, during the tour he was accused of professionalism and recalled to England by the Rugby Football Union. Jackson left the touring party but failed to return to England to face the accusations. In 1910 Jackson played rugby league in New Zealand and represented both Auckland and New Zealand against the touring Great Britain side.

First dual-code rugby international

England's Anthony Starks and Wales' Jack Rhapps took the field in the inaugural rugby league international of 5 April 1904 between England and Other Nationalities[74] Starks had made two rugby union Test appearances for England in 1896, and Rhapps had made a single rugby union Test appearance for Wales in 1897, and thus in April 1904 they became the world's first dual rugby code internationals.

The first tour matches played by the New Zealand All Golds in Britain in Nov & Dec 1907 would have seen international cross-code debuts by some of the seven touring former All Blacks. At this stage of the tour the New Zealanders were still familiarising themselves with the new Northern Union rules which they had not seen until they arrived in Leeds in October.[75] The first full international of the tour against Wales on New Year's Day 1908 saw confirmed appearances by Mackrell,[4] Turtill, Wrigley, Johnston & Cross [37] for New Zealand and David Jones[73] for Wales. Thus New Zealand's first five dual-code rugby internationals all achieved that feat in the same match.[37]

Other firsts and lasts
  • First man to debut in rugby league before debuting in union - Karl Ifwersen Sep 1921.[54]
  • Last man to debut in rugby league before debuting in rugby union - Marika Koroibete, October 2013.
  • Last man to debut in rugby union before debuting in rugby league - Mirco Bergamasco, October 2016.
  • Most recent dual rugby code international - Marika Koroibete, September 2017.

Dual-code internationals who also represented in a third sport

Michael Cleary represented Australia in track & field at the Commonwealth Games making him an international at the senior level in three sports. Dick Thornett achieved the same distinction having also represented for Australia in water polo at the 1960 Rome Olympics. Dai Bishop represented Wales in British Baseball.

See also

Footnotes
  1. Where two players made a simultaneous cross-code debut, ranking is by chronology of the initial international debut.
  2. Tour match international debut shown only where it was the player's highest international appearance; otherwise Test debuts shown. For players who made their cross-code international debut in a tour match but then later appeared in a Test match, this delays the recognition of their DCI status in this listing
  3. http://www.espnscrum.com/australia/rugby/player/1918.html
  4. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=521
  5. Whitaker (Captaining The Kangaroos) p16
  6. http://www.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/match/19058.html
  7. Andrews pp19-49
  8. http://www.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/player/1666.html
  9. http://www.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/match/19078.html
  10. http://www.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/match/19102.html
  11. Whitaker (Captaining The Kangaroos) p34
  12. Hardcastle had earlier debuted for the All Blacks v N.S.W in Sydney in 1897.
  13. Whitaker (Captaining The Kangaroos) p20
  14. http://www.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/player/1662.html
  15. Whitaker (Captaining The Kangaroos) p42
  16. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 25 December 2010. Retrieved 8 August 2011.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  17. http://www.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/match/19138.html
  18. http://www.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/player/2166.html
  19. http://www.espnscrum.com/australia/rugby/player/2414.html
  20. http://www.espnscrum.com/australia/rugby/player/2528.html
  21. http://www.espnscrum.com/australia/rugby/player/4117.html
  22. http://www.espnscrum.com/australia/rugby/player/4827.html
  23. Whitaker (Captaining The Kangaroos) p160
  24. http://www.espnscrum.com/australia/rugby/player/4967.html
  25. http://www.espnscrum.com/australia/rugby/player/5243.html
  26. Whitaker (Captaining The Kangaroos) p202
  27. http://www.espnscrum.com/australia/rugby/player/6205.html
  28. http://www.espnscrum.com/australia/rugby/player/6601.html
  29. http://www.espnscrum.com/australia/rugby/player/6606.html
  30. Whitaker (Captaining The Kangaroos) p244
  31. Whitaker (Captaining The Kangaroos) p280
  32. "Chris Ashton England Statistics at englandrl.co.uk". englandrl.co.uk. 31 December 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
  33. "Hong Kong squad announced for first ever international test match". Hong Kong Rugby League. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  34. Gardiner, James (17 June 2009). "Matt Jarrett proves pivotal in reigniting Blacks". The Herald. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  35. "Flick Passes: Maltese league representative; national schoolboys competition; Jake Finn update; Central's "Pink Test"". The Herald. 10 May 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  36. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=190
  37. Shawn Dollin. "Wales vs New Zealand 1908". Archived from the original on 11 August 2009. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
  38. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=990
  39. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=904
  40. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 August 2009. Retrieved 9 August 2009.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Turtill's All Gold appearances
  41. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=438
  42. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=805
  43. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=568
  44. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=927
  45. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=825
  46. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=23
  47. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=409
  48. http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/matches/New_Zealand_vs_England_1910/New_Zealand-vs-England.html
  49. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=314
  50. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=623
  51. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=287
  52. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=370
  53. http://www.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/match/19180.html
  54. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=417
  55. The ARU since 1986 have considered these matches as Test matches, the NZRU does not.
  56. http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/matches/New_Zealand_vs_England_1924/Game_1/New_Zealand-vs-England.html
  57. http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/matches/New_Zealand_vs_England_1924/Game_2/New_Zealand-vs-England.html
  58. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=133
  59. http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/matches/New_Zealand_vs_England_1926/Game_1/England-vs-New_Zealand.html
  60. http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/matches/New_Zealand_vs_England_1932/Game_1/New_Zealand-vs-England.html
  61. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=494
  62. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=539
  63. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=349
  64. http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/matches/England_vs_New_Zealand_1932/Game_3/England-vs-New_Zealand.html
  65. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=789
  66. http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/matches/World_Cup_1989/Game_1/New_Zealand-vs-Australia.html
  67. http://www.espnscrum.com/scotland/rugby/player/1263.html
  68. http://www.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/match/19280.html
  69. http://www.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/match/19614.html
  70. http://www.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/match/19696.html
  71. http://www.espnscrum.com/scotland/rugby/player/9848.html
  72. http://www.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/match/24229.html
  73. Brendan Gallagher (2 January 2008). "A real pro - 100 years ago". The Telegraph. Retrieved 8 August 2008.
  74. England: W.B. Little (Halifax), full back; F. Spottiswoode (Oldham), G. Dickenson (Warrington), J. Lomas (Salford), J. Fish (Warrington), threequarters; J. Baxter (Rochdale Hornets), J. Morely (Halifax), half backs; A. Starks [c] (Hull K.R.), P. Tunney (Salford), J. Riley (Halifax), J.W. Bulmer (Halifax), J. Ferguson (Oldham), forwards. Other Nationalities: D. Smith (Salford), full back; D. Thomas (Salford), T.D. Llewellyn (Leeds), D. Harris (Wigan), D.J. Lewis (Oldham), threequarters; E. Davies (Wigan), P.J. Brady (Huddersfield), half backs; J. Rhapps (Salford), J.G. Moffatt (Leeds), G. Frater [c] (Oldham), D. Thomas (Oldham), H. Buckler (Salford), forwards
  75. http://www.newzealandatoz.com/index.php?pageid=826&All+Golds+Rugby+League+Team&PHPSESSID=864 All Golds Tour on New Zealand AtoZ.com

References
  • Whiticker, Alan (2004) Captaining the Kangaroos, New Holland, Sydney
  • Whiticker, Alan & Hudson, Glen (2006) The Encyclopedia of Rugby League Players, Gavin Allen Publishing, Sydney
  • Andrews, Malcolm (2006) The ABC of Rugby League Austn Broadcasting Corpn, Sydney
  • Pollard, Jack (1984) Australian Rugby Union: The Game and the Players Angus and Robertson Publishing
  • Fagan, Sean (2000–2006) http://www.rl1908.com

Further reading
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