Huddersfield

Huddersfield is a large market town[1] in the metropolitan borough of Kirklees in West Yorkshire, England. It had 162,949 residents at the 2011 census.[2][3] It sits close to the Pennines, 14 miles (23 km) south-west of Leeds, 12 miles (19 km) west of Wakefield, 23 miles (37 km) north-west of Sheffield and 24 miles (39 km) north-east of Manchester. It is the main administrative centre of Kirklees.

For the constituency of the same name, see Huddersfield (UK Parliament constituency).

Huddersfield

Huddersfield from Castle Hill
Huddersfield
Location within West Yorkshire
Population162,949 (2011 Census)
OS grid referenceSE145165
Metropolitan borough
Metropolitan county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townHuddersfield
Postcode districtHD1-5, HD7-8
Dialling code01484
PoliceWest Yorkshire
FireWest Yorkshire
AmbulanceYorkshire
UK Parliament

The south of the town has the discharge of the Holme into the similar-size River Colne, West Yorkshire. These were tapped for steam turbines and textile treatment in the large weaving sheds which are associated with an economic boom in the early part of the Industrial Revolution. The town is the birthplace of rugby league, two-time British Prime Minister Labour Prime Minister Harold Wilson and film star James Mason. The current Doctor Who, Jodie Whittaker, was born in Skelmanthorpe. The town is home to: in rugby league Huddersfield Giants, who play in the Super League; and in football Huddersfield Town who play in the Championship.[lower-alpha 1] It further hosts the University of Huddersfield and three colleges: Greenhead College, Kirklees College and Huddersfield New College.

It has much neoclassical Victorian architecture centrally, among which its railway station which is in the rarest category of statutory recognition and protection (a Grade I listed building) – described by John Betjeman as "the most splendid station façade in England", second only to St Pancras, London. Fronting St George's Square, it was renovated for £4 million[4] and accordingly won the Europa Nostra award for architecture.

It gained its own parliamentary representation in 1832. It is, like most of West and South Yorkshire, in the historic (essentially defunct) division of the West Riding of Yorkshire. By 1961, the town's population had reached 130,652.

History

Earliest history

Local settlement dates back over 4,000 years.[5] The remains of a Roman fort were unearthed in the mid 18th century at Slack near Outlane, west of the town.[6] Castle Hill, a major landmark, was the site of an Iron Age hill fort.

Toponymy

The earliest surviving record of the place name is in the Domesday Book of 1086, Oderesfelt. It appears as Hudresfeld in a Yorkshire charter from 1121–27, and as Huderesfeld in subsidy rolls in 1297. The name meaning has not complicated with the shifts of English, remaining 'Hud(d)er's field'.[7]

The modern name is pronounced without a word-initial /h/ in the local dialect, a trait shared by many Norman scribes' dialects of the Domesday Book era (see Old and modern French).

Market town and manor

Huddersfield has been a market town since Anglo-Saxon times. The market cross is on Market Place.

The manor of Huddersfield was owned by long lease by the de Lacy becoming Lacey family until its 1322 takeback by the Crown. In 1599, William Ramsden bought it, and the Ramsden family continued to own the manor, which came to be known as the Ramsden Estate, until 1920. During their ownership they supported the development of the town.

Closest wooded uplands in the inner part of the town's green belt, the town centre and the crest of the Pennines to the west: semi-panorama from Castle Hill. Three converted neoclassical mill sheds are in the foreground.]] Sir John Ramsden, 3rd Baronet built the Huddersfield Cloth Hall in 1766 and his son the fourth baronet was responsible for Sir John Ramsden's Canal in 1780. The Ramsdens endorsed the railway in the first wave of national railway building, in the 1840s.[8]

Industrial Revolution

Huddersfield was a centre of civil unrest during this phase of the Industrial Revolution in which Europe saw frequent wars during and after which, as to those most acutely affecting Britain, cloth trade slumped which could be compounded by local crops failure, many local weavers faced starvation and losing their livelihood due to the new, mechanised weaving sheds. Luddites began destroying the great mills, sheds and machinery at such times; one of the most notorious attacks was on Cartwright – a Huddersfield mill-owner, who had a reputation for cruelty – and his Rawfolds Mill. Kirkpatrick Sale describes how an army platoon was stationed at Huddersfield to deal with these; at its peak, having about a thousand soldiers and ten thousand civilians. Luddites thus began to focus criminal damage on nearby towns and villages (less well-protected); their most damaging act was to destroy Foster's Mill at Horbury – a village about 10 miles (16 km) east.[9] The government campaign that crushed the movement was provoked by a murder that took place in Huddersfield. William Horsfall, a mill-owner and a passionate prosecutor of Luddites, was killed in 1812.[10] Although the movement faded out, Parliament began to increase welfare provision for those out of work, and introduce regulations to improve conditions in the mills.

H. H. Asquith and H. Wilson

Two Prime Ministers spent part of their childhood in Huddersfield: Harold Wilson, born locally who attended Royds Hall School, and H. H. Asquith. Wilson is commemorated by a statue on the large front square (forecourt) to the town's station.

Discharge of aristocratic interest

In 1920, the Corporation bought the Ramsden Estate from that family, that had owned much of the town at least as to the reversion of long leases (a minor, overarching interest) since 1599, for £1.3 million. The town became "the town that bought itself". Most of the keynote central building freeholds belong to the local authority, as in a few towns in Britain such as Basingstoke.[8]

Governance
Coat of arms of the former County Borough

Huddersfield was incorporated as a municipal borough in the ancient West Riding of Yorkshire in 1868. The borough comprised the thus sidelined civil parishes of Almondbury, Dalton, Huddersfield, Lindley-cum-Quarmby and Lockwood, later dissolved. When the West Riding County Council was formed in 1889, Huddersfield became a county borough, exempt from its control. A more confined Huddersfield seat than the early 20th century scope has been represented by Labour since its creation in 1983 and is, by size of majority and length of tenure, a strongly-Labour leaning seat.

Kirklees was the first part of the country to have a Green or other environmentalist party councillor – Nicholas Harvey – he was instrumental in protesting against the intended closure of the Settle and Carlisle Railway line.[11] The council has councillors of Labour, Conservative Party and Liberal Democrat parties; these retained the deposit, reaching more than 5% of the vote in the last general election (for an MP who serves in the House of Commons).

Huddersfield expanded in 1937, assimilating parts of the Golcar, Linthwaite, and South Crosland urban districts.[12] The county borough was abolished in 1974 and its former area was combined with that of other districts to form the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees in West Yorkshire.

Council bids to gain support for city status were rejected by the people in a poll held by the Huddersfield Daily Examiner; the council did not apply for that status in the 2000 or 2002 competitions.[13]

Huddersfield had a strong Liberal tradition up to the 1950s reflected in several Liberal social clubs. The current Member of Parliament (MP) for the Huddersfield constituency is Barry Sheerman, a Labour Co-operative MP.

Demographic change

The town's population in 1961 had reached 130,652.[14]

Per the United Kingdom Census 2001 the population of the town's urban sub-area of the West Yorkshire Urban Area was 146,234, and that of the former extent of the county borough was 121,620. The wider South Kirklees had a population of 216,011.

Industry

Huddersfield is a manufacturing town, despite the university being the largest employer. Historically the town produced woollen textiles. This area of business, along with the chemical and engineering industries that emerged to support the manufacture of textiles, was the basis of the town's nineteenth and early twentieth century prosperity. The number of people who work in textiles has declined greatly, but the surviving companies produce large quantities of woollen products with little labour. The town is home to textile, chemical and engineering companies, including Brook Motors Ltd founded by Ernest Brook in 1904. Against conventional wisdom, he started making alternating current electric motors, and he did this in one room with two assistants and starting capital of just £300. On its 50th anniversary in 1954 it employed more than 2,000 people and, with Ernest's sons Frank and Jack in charge, was the largest exclusive producer of AC motors in the world, and had a turnover of £4,500,000. That same year Brook Motors Ltd operated 10 factories in Huddersfield, its biggest being Empress Works on St Thomas's Road, and opened one at Barugh Green, Barnsley. Other local manufacturers are Cummins Turbo Technologies, founded in 1952 as Holset by Messrs. Holmes and Croset.[15] (turbochargers), David Brown Gear systems (industrial gearing), Huddersfield Fine Worsteds (textiles), Taylor & Lodge (textiles), C & J Antich (textiles), Syngenta AG (agro-chemicals), Pennine Radio Limited (electronics transformers and sheet metalworking) and a large number of niche manufacturers, such as Dual Seal Glass (maker of spandrel glass panels[16]) and Ellis Furniture (producer of kitchen and bathroom furniture).[17] Huddersfield is home to Andrew Jones Pies, a regional award-winning pie-maker, and Mamas and Papas, a manufacturer and retailer of prams, pushchairs and related items and specialist pneumatics supplier Shelley Automation Ltd.

Film and television productions

Several films and television series have been filmed in and around the town.[18][19] For example, portions of the BBC television series Happy Valley were filmed in Huddersfield; in addition to exteriors, some of the studio filming was done at North Light Film Studios at Brookes Mill, Huddersfield. As well, interiors for the BBC's Jamaica Inn, for the BBC's Remember Me and for ITV series Black Work, were also filmed at the studios.[20][21][22][23] More recently, many of the exteriors of the BBC series Jericho were filmed at the nearby Rockingstone Quarry and some interior work was done at North Light Film Studios.[24]

The long running BBC comedy show Last Of The Summer Wine was filmed nearby, predominately in the Holme Valley around Holmfirth but also some parts of the Colne Valley including Marsden and Slaithwaite [25]

Geography

Huddersfield has the merger of the shallow valley floors of the River Colne and the Holme south of the town centre. This is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines which blend into the moorlands of the South Pennines west of the town.

Climate

As with all of West Yorkshire a temperate oceanic climate exists, wetter than the low plains rain shadow proper toward East Yorkshire but drier than Cumbria. It is mild for the latitude – overnight frosts are quite frequent in winter yet daytime tends to exceed such temperatures due to onshore breezes from around Britain and as the Gulf Stream moderates temperatures. According to the Köppen climate classification, Huddersfield is certified as Cfb.

Climate data for Huddersfield
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 5.1
(41.2)		 5.4
(41.7)		 7.4
(45.3)		 10.0
(50.0)		 13.5
(56.3)		 17.1
(62.8)		 21.1
(70.0)		 20.7
(69.3)		 15.3
(59.5)		 11.7
(53.1)		 7.8
(46.0)		 5.6
(42.1)		 11.7
(53.1)
Average low °C (°F) −1.7
(28.9)		 1.6
(34.9)		 2.9
(37.2)		 4.5
(40.1)		 7.2
(45.0)		 10.0
(50.0)		 12.2
(54.0)		 12.1
(53.8)		 11.0
(51.8)		 7.4
(45.3)		 4.3
(39.7)		 2.4
(36.3)		 6.2
(43.1)
Source: [26]

Divisions and suburbs

After boundary changes in 2004, Huddersfield now covers eight of the twenty-three electoral wards for Kirklees Council. Neighbouring wards in the Colne Valley, Holme Valley, and Kirkburton are often considered to be part of Huddersfield though they are predominantly semi-rural. The very centre of town forms the Newsome ward of councillors. Eight wards make up Huddersfield proper; these with populations, extent and constituent suburbs (mid-year 2005 estimates) are:

Ward Population Area (miles²) Population density (/mile²) Places covered
Almondbury[27] 16,610 3.863 4,299 Almondbury, Fenay Bridge, Lascelles Hall, Lepton
Ashbrow[28] 17,470 4.366 4.001 Ashbrow, Brackenhall, Bradley, Deighton, Fixby, Netheroyd Hill, Sheepridge
Crosland Moor & Netherton[29] 17,400 2.856 6,092 Beaumont Park, Crosland Moor, Lockwood, Longroyd Bridge, Netherton, South Crosland, Thornton Lodge
Dalton[30] 17,520 4.975 3.521 Colne Bridge, Dalton, Kirkheaton, Moldgreen, Rawthorpe, Upper Heaton, Waterloo
Golcar[31] 17,370 2.375 7,313 Cowlersley, Golcar, Longwood, Linthwaite (part of), Milnsbridge, Salendine Nook
Greenhead[32] 17,620 1.706 10,328 Birkby, Edgerton, Fartown, Hillhouse, Marsh, Paddock
Lindley[33] 17,020 2.737 6,218 Ainley Top, Birchencliffe, Lindley, Mount, Oakes
Newsome[34] 17,110 3.233 5,292 Armitage Bridge, Berry Brow, Hall Bower, Lowerhouses, Newsome, Primrose Hill, Springwood, Taylor Hill

Green belt
Further information: South and West Yorkshire Green Belt

Huddersfield is within a green belt region that extends into the Kirklees borough and wider surrounding counties. It is in place to reduce urban sprawl, prevent the towns in the West Yorkshire Urban Area conurbation from further convergence, protect the identity of outlying communities, encourage brownfield reuse, and preserve nearby countryside. This is achieved by restricting inappropriate development within the designated areas, and imposing stricter conditions on permitted building.[35]

The green belt surrounds the Huddersfield built-up area, a much-wooded buffer zone. Larger outlying communities such as Upper Hopton, Grange Moor, Highburton, Farnley Tyas, Netherton, Honley, Outlane, Slaithwaite, Wellhouse are exempt from this. Nearby smaller villages, hamlets and rural areas such as Thurgory, Gawthorpe Green, Bog Green, Upper Heaton, Wilberlee, South Crosland, Rushfield Bridge, and Bank End see their unbuilt land included in the designation. Much semi-rural land on the fringes forms the rest. It was chiefly defined in the 1960s,[35] and across Kirklees covers about 70%, i.e. 23,050 hectares (230.5 km2; 89.0 sq mi) (2017, excluding the Peak District National Park).[36][35]

A subsidiary aim is to encourage play, sport and leisure,[35] through woodland, moor, streams, green meadows, fields, small bogs. Features are:

  • Castle Hill with Victoria Tower
  • Coal Pit Scrog and Hall Wood in Lepton
  • Blackmoorfoot reservoir
  • Longwood reservoir
  • Huddersfield Narrow Canal and the Colne
  • The Holme (river and paths)
  • Storthes Hall
  • Kirkheaton cricket ground
  • Beaumont Park.

West of Marsden, Meltham and Holmbridge, it borders the north limb of the Peak District National Park.

Demography

Ethnicity

A legacy of being a former greater mill town is that Huddersfield is more ethnically diverse than the national average. The white population made up 81% of the population compared to 91.3% for England as a whole (in 2001). Most people with stated mixed or non-indigenous ethnicity are Asian or British Asian (having Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi or Sri Lankan heritage).

At the 2001 census 98,454 people considered themselves ethnically as white; 15,072 as south Asian, 4,328 as black;[lower-alpha 2] 259 as other; and 3,131 as mixed.[37]

At the 2011 census a broader zone was covered – ethnically as to the three major profiles nationally – 117,548 people stated they considered themselves as ethnically White British, 24,201 as Asian and 6,822 as black.[38]

The town has many churches, mosques, temples and synagogues. These include Christian denominations: the Church of England, Baptists, Presbyterians and Congregationalists (sometimes as their main fusion the United Reformed Church), Methodism, and the Roman Catholic Church. Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, the Jehovah's Witnesses, Mormonism and Sikhism all have congregational buildings.

Denomination Population Percentage Comparative percentage for England
Christian 77,843 64.0 71.7
Buddhist 133 0.1 0.3
Hindu 577 0.5 1.1
Jewish 70 0.1 0.5
Muslim 12,147 10.0 3.0
Sikh 2,250 1.9 0.6
Other religions 341 0.3 0.3
No religion 18,694 15.4 14.8
Religion not stated 9,604 7.9 7.7

Landmarks and architecture
See also: Listed buildings in Huddersfield (Ashbrow Ward)
The Victoria Tower at Castle Hill

Huddersfield has an abundance of Victorian architecture.[39] The most conspicuous landmark is the Victoria Tower on Castle Hill. Overlooking the town, the tower was constructed to mark Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee Year in 1897. A picture of the Victoria Tower features on the New Zealand wine Castle Hill.

Huddersfield Town Hall

Huddersfield Town Hall is a municipal building in the town: it seats up to 1,200 people and hosts events ranging from classical to comedy and from choral to community events.[40]

The colonnaded Huddersfield railway station in St George's Square was once described as 'a stately home with trains in it', and by Sir Nikolaus Pevsner as "one of the best early railway stations in England".[41] A bronze statue of Huddersfield-born Sir Harold Wilson, Prime Minister 1964–1970 and 1974–1976 stands in front of its entrance.

The George Hotel designed by William Wallen was built by Wallen and Charles Child in 1850. The hotel's Italianate façade became Huddersfield's adopted architectural style as the town developed over following decade.[42] The hotel was the site of the birthplace of Rugby league in August 1895.[43]

St Peter's Church

St Peter's Church (Huddersfield Parish Church) replaces a church of the 11th century and is adjacent to the town centre, on Byram Street near the Pack Horse Centre. The church was built in 1838. Holy Trinity Church, just outside the town centre was built between 1816 and 1819.

The Pack Horse Centre is a covered pedestrianised shopping area constructed over a cobblestone street, Pack Horse Yard, renamed Pack Horse Walk. Pack horses carried merchandise over pack-horse routes across the Pennines before turnpike roads and railways improved transportation. The pedestrian link passes from Kirkgate, across King Street and along Victoria Lane, by the Shambles, to the Piazza and the distinctive market hall at Queensgate, which was built to replace the old Shambles Market Hall in the early 1970s.[44] Next to the Piazza is the Victorian town hall and the 1930s public library.

Beaumont Park about 2 miles (3.2 km) to the south of the town centre was bequeathed to the town in the 1880s, by Henry Frederick Beaumont ('Beaumont's of Whitley' estate) and was opened on 13 October 1883, by Prince Leopold, fourth son of Queen Victoria, and his wife Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont (Duke and Duchess of Albany). It is a fine example of a Victorian era public park with water cascades, bandstand and woodland.

The former St Paul's Church on Queensgate has statutory recognition and protection,[lower-alpha 3] used for worship from 1831 to 1956. Sir John Ramsden gave its land and his family helped its extension to be built in 1883. The foundation stone was laid by Lady Guendolen Ramsden. The building is now part of the University of Huddersfield.[45]

The St Paul's Street drill hall was designed by Captain William Willey Cooper and completed in 1901.[46]

Greenhead Park is a large and lined with copses of various trees, 0.4 miles (0.64 km), west of the town centre. A multimillion-pound restoration project, funded by the Heritage Lottery fund[47] was finished in autumn 2012.

Transport
Map of Huddersfield from 1954

Road

Huddersfield is connected to the motorway network via the M1 and M62 motorways. The M1 passes about 10 miles (16 km) to the east. The M62 passes about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) to the north by which Huddersfield is linked by three junctions: Mount (A640, J23 – limited access), Ainley Top (A629, J24) and between Brighouse and Cooper Bridge (A644, J25).

Huddersfield Corporation built an inner ring road, part of the A62, in the 1970s. The area within now defines the town's central business district. This ended congestion within, where many roads are pedestrianised.

Main radial roads are the:

  • A62 Leeds Road
  • A641 Bradford Road
  • A629 Halifax Road,
  • A640 New Hey Road
  • A642 Wakefield Road (in east branching into the A629: Penistone Road)
  • A62 Manchester Road

Bus
Huddersfield Free Town Bus

A trolleybus network operated from 1933 to 1968. Huddersfield bus station was opened by the Mayor, Councillor Mernagh on 26 March 1974, although it had not been completed.[48] It is the busiest bus station in West Yorkshire with a daily footfall of almost 35,000. Most bus services pass through the bus station. Many services are subsidised by Metro.

Huddersfield's bus operators reflect the national situation; local subsidiaries of three dominant national operators provide most services in the area: First Calderdale & Huddersfield provide most local services in Huddersfield and some services outside Kirklees with destinations including Bradford, Brighouse, Halifax, Manchester and Oldham. Arriva Yorkshire provide frequent services to Dewsbury and Leeds, and Yorkshire Tiger provide almost all services in the south east of the town. Other smaller operators include Stotts Coaches and Tiger Blue. Centrebus Holdings purchased Teamdeck in May 2008, along with Stagecoach Yorkshire's Huddersfield depot.[49] In November 2006, a zero-fare town centre bus service, the Free Town Bus, was launched run by K-Line in partnership with Kirklees Council and Metro. Today this is run by Yorkshire Tiger.

Rail

Huddersfield railway station has a comprehensive local and regional rail service but there is no direct service to London; passengers have to change at Manchester Piccadilly, Leeds, Wakefield Westgate or Mirfield.[50] Some services are subsidised by the public transport coordinator, West Yorkshire Metro. TransPennine Express runs a frequent express service to Dewsbury, Leeds and Manchester and regular services to Darlington, Hull, Liverpool, Manchester Airport, Middlesbrough, Newcastle, Scarborough and York. There are local stopping services operated by Northern linking Huddersfield with Barnsley, Bradford, Brighouse, Dewsbury, Halifax, Leeds, Sheffield and Wakefield.

The Penistone Line passes through mainly rural stations towards Barnsley and Sheffield: Lockwood, Berry Brow, Honley, Brockholes, Stocksmoor, Shepley and Denby Dale.

At the station, there are two internet famous cats: black & white Felix and younger pue black Bolt. They have released merchandise and have published a book.[51]

Huddersfield railway station in St George's Square

Canal

The Huddersfield Broad Canal, originally the Sir John Ramsden Canal, and the Huddersfield Narrow Canal are both navigable by narrowboat, and the broad canal by wider craft, wind around the south side of town. To the rear of the YMCA in the Turnbridge section is an electrically operated road bridge, which is still in use, to raise the road and allow boat traffic to pass. This bridge originally used a windlass.

Sport
The John Smith's Stadium

Football and rugby league are the main spectator sports in Huddersfield. Its professional football team, Huddersfield Town A.F.C. play in the Championship after 2 seasons in the Premier League. In 1926, the club became the first in England to win three successive league titles, a feat only three other clubs have matched.

The town was the birthplace of rugby league, and is home to the Huddersfield Giants who play in the Super League, the top division in Europe. The town is home to Huddersfield Underbank Rangers rugby league club, who play in the Rugby League Conference. Huddersfield Rugby Union Football Club play in the National Division Three North, Huddersfield Y.M.C.A. RUFC who play in North 1 East and Huddersfield Rams Aussie Rules club. The main sporting arena is John Smith's Stadium, home to both the football team and rugby league side. Also within the town boundaries is Emley A.F.C. who were formed when the original Emley FC left for Wakefield.

Rugby football

Rugby was first played in the town in 1848 and the Huddersfield Athletic Club, the direct progenitors of Huddersfield Giants, formed in 1864, played its first rugby game in 1866. It was in Huddersfield on 29 August 1895 that 22 northern clubs met in the George Hotel and voted to secede from the Rugby Football Union and set up the 'Northern Rugby Football Union' which became the Rugby Football League in 1922. The Rugby League Heritage Centre was in the basement of the George Hotel before the hotel closed in 2013.

Following the split of 1895, Huddersfield became a focus for rugby league and is represented by Huddersfield Giants in the Super League. Huddersfield Giants, the town's rugby league club, has won the Rugby Football League Championship seven times, most recently in 1961–62, and the Challenge Cup six times, the last time in 1952–53.

Underbank Rangers based in Holmfirth are the most prominent amateur club in the town, formed in 1884, and launched the careers of many professional players including Harold Wagstaff, Paul Dixon and Eorl Crabtree who all served the Huddersfield club.

After 1895 rugby was played exclusively under the auspices of the Northern Rugby Football Union until 1909 when Huddersfield Old Boys were formed to play under rugby union rules, playing nomadically at five grounds until buying farmland at Waterloo in 1919 and, in 1946, renaming the club Huddersfield RUFC. In 1969 the club was at the forefront of a revolution in English rugby when it became the first club in the country to organise mini and junior rugby teams. The innovation spread and almost every club in the country has a thriving junior section providing a production-line of home-grown talent. Junior players at Huddersfield number over 200. In 1997 the Waterloo junior grounds were sold and the 26-acre (0.11 km2) former Bass Brewery site at Lockwood Park was purchased for its replacement. With the assistance of a £2 million grant from Sport England, the club has transformed it into a major sports complex, conference centre and business park.

Association football

Huddersfield Town F.C. is the town's senior association football team, founded in 1908, and most seasons play in the Championship, that below the highest league of the sport nationally. In 1921–22 Huddersfield won the FA Cup and between 1923 and 1926 became the first club to win the League Championship three times in a row, an achievement matched only by three other teams. After several decades in lower divisions, Huddersfield Town FC returned to top flight football in 2017 when the club entered the Premier League for the first time. The club left its ground at Leeds Road in 1994 and now shares the John Smith's Stadium with the Huddersfield Giants rugby league team.

Notable ex-players include Scottish international Denis Law, Ray Wilson, a World Cup winner with England in 1966 and Trevor Cherry, England international. Herbert Chapman, Bill Shankly, Neil Warnock and Steve Bruce are notable former Huddersfield Town managers.

There are also a semi professional club within the town, Golcar Utd who competed in the 2019–20 North West Counties Football League Division One North, until the league was abandoned in March 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic.

Other sports

Huddersfield Rams Aussie Rules is an Australian rules football team, formed in 2008. The club played its first season in 2009 and won the Aussie Rules UK National League – Central Division and took part in the North West Division in 2010.

Huddersfield has a number of field hockey teams, many of which train at the Lockwood Park sports complex on the all-weather pitch.[52]

Motorcycle speedway racing was staged in Huddersfield in the UK pioneer year of 1928. A venue in the town staged four or five meetings. James Whitham, is a former 'British Superbike Champion'. Lepton born Tom Sykes joined the Yamaha Motor Italia World team in the 2009 World Superbike season[53] after spells in British Supersports & British Superbikes in which he finished 4th in the 2009 Season. He won his first race in World Superbikes in one of two wildcard meetings.

On 6 July 2014, Stage 2 of the 2014 Tour de France from York to Sheffield passed through the town.[54]

Arts
Huddersfield Library and Art Gallery

Huddersfield Choral Society founded in 1836, claims to be the UK's leading choral society. Its history was chronicled in the book 'And The Glory',[55] written to commemorate the society's 150th anniversary in 1986 – its title derived from a line in the Hallelujah Chorus featuring in Handel's landmark choral arrangement Messiah.

The annual Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival is held in the town which is also home to the Huddersfield Philharmonic Orchestra and the Huddersfield Singers.

On Christmas Day 1977, the Sex Pistols played their last two British shows, a matinee for the children of striking firefighters, at Ivanhoe's nightclub, before embarking on their ill-fated US tour which saw the group's acrimonious collapse. In the early-mid-1990s, Flex, an underground Jungle/Drum 'n' Bass record label, was founded by musician and BBC Radio 1Xtra DJ, L Double. In 2000 another independent record label Chocolate Fireguard Records was founded by singer Pat Fulgoni who developed a three-stage community music event, Timeless Festival, in Ravensknowle Park, featuring a range of electronica, hip hop and rock music.

There are other annual music festivals held in the town and surrounding area, examples being the Marsden Jazz Festival,[56] Mrs Sunderland,[57] Electric Spring,[58] Janet Beaumont, the Holmfirth Festivals, and the Haydn Wood (Linthwaite). The Haydn Wood (for under 21s) and Mrs Sunderland festival focus on musical and oratorial performance. The Electric Spring festival is an exploration of electronic and experimental music, featuring the 50-channel, 64-loudspeaker Huddersfield Immersive Sound System (HISS). The Mrs Sunderland Music festival is the second oldest in the United Kingdom, started in 1889 lasting for nine days each year. Free music concerts have been put on for the town, including bands such as the Ordinary Boys, the Script and Elliott Minor. There are many local choirs, youth and adult, a noted example of the latter being the Honley Male Voice Choir.[59] Home-grown musical talent of all kinds is complemented by the student intake to the University of Huddersfield's music department. "The Sheriff of Huddersfield" is a song by heavy metal band Iron Maiden on the B-side of their 1986 single "Wasted Years", written about their co-manager Rod Smallwood, leaving his home town of Huddersfield and struggling to settle into life in Los Angeles. Huddersfield is home to thrash metal band Evile, dance rock band Kava Kava, the birthplace of the synthpop musician Billy Currie (of Ultravox and Visage), the hard rock bassist John McCoy who played with Neo and Gillan.

Long-running television series have been filmed in and around the town. They include Last of the Summer Wine, more readily linked to Holmfirth, but largely set in the Holme and Colne valleys; Where the Heart Is filmed in the latter around Slaithwaite; Wokenwell also in the latter and Marsden; and The League of Gentlemen set around Marsden. The feature films Between Two Women and The Jealous God were filmed in and around Huddersfield.

Huddersfield Art Gallery occupies the top floor of the library at Princess Alexandra Walk. It has an extensive collection featuring Francis Bacon, L.S. Lowry and Henry Moore, as well as significant regional artists. It has other halls for its temporary exhibitions for established and emerging artists.

Ian Berry was born in Netherton, Huddersfield and was educated in the town and went to Greenhead College[60][61] and is internationally renowned for his art using only denim jeans and was named as one of the top 30 artists under the world in 2013.[62][63] In 1996 aged 11 he won the Huddersfield Daily Examiner 125th Birthday competition that saw his design printed on to mugs, tea towels and posters.[64][65]

Festivals

Huddersfield Festival of Light takes place annually in December,[66] usually in the town centre adjacent to the railway station. Each year there is a performance by a theatre company. The finale is a firework display. The 2007 show was performed by French company Plasticiens Volants, which used large inflatable sea creatures in a parade through the streets as they told the story of 'Pearl'. The 2005 and 2008 performances were by the Valencian artists Xarxa Teatre. The 2010 festival featured Belgian company Company Tol and their suspension act – Corazon de Angeles (Angels' Heart) and ended on 5 December with fireworks in St. George's Square.

Huddersfield has a long-established Saint Patrick's Day Parade on c. 17 March.

Huddersfield Caribbean Carnival in mid-July, begins with a procession from the Hudawi Cultural Centre in Hillhouse, through the town centre to Greenhead Park where troupes display their costumes on stage. Caribbean food, fairground rides and various stalls and attractions are available. A "young blud" stage presents Hip Hop, UK garage, RnB and bassline.[67]

The Huddersfield Literature Festival is held annually in the town,[68] and features author events, creative writing classes and poetry nights, and sometimes creative writing competitions.

Since 2016 the town has a growing one-day Onwards Festival for music and arts.[69] It celebrates local music, art, food and drink. Its spirit is organisation like a pub crawl, moving between venues to experience different tastes of culture. Its first year saw 10 live music acts, an exhibition and some live art performances, with payment for the later events.

Present day

Shopping

Huddersfield has a large and diverse retail shopping area, enclosed within the town's ring road, compared with other towns of its size. There are three shopping areas: Kingsgate, The Packhorse Precinct and The Piazza Centre. The Piazza offers an outdoor shopping mall near the public library, with a grassed area, used for relaxation and events throughout the year such as entertainment, international markets and iceskating in winter. Through the adjacent Market Arcade is a covered market hall, which has listed building status, due in part to its distinctive roof formed by hyperbolic paraboloids. It is adjacent to the town hall and public library. An open market trades next to Tesco, on the other side of the town centre.

The town centre is home to several national high street retailers and chain stores including Clinton Cards, GAME, House of Fraser, JD Sports, Sports Direct (formerly JJB), W H Smiths and Wilko; up until January 2008, it also had a Woolworths. Fast food outlets include KFC, McDonald's, Pizza Hut, Subway, Wimpy and Nando's. High street clothing and fashion retail outlets such as, Marks & Spencer, River Island, Topman and Next. There are three major supermarket outlets in the town centre, and alongside the ring road: two Sainsbury's and one Tesco. In 2014 a small Morrisons store opened centrally.[70] Shortly after opening the Morrisons closed and the space was taken by a Foot Asylum. There are also a variety of small specialist and independent shops, many in the three-storey Victorian shopping arcade, Byram Arcade, on street, Westgate.

However over the last decade many shops have closed down causing a general decline of the town centre.[71] Most notability the closure of British Home Stores (BHS) in 2016 left a large shopping unit empty in The Piazza Centre. In 2019 Marks & Spencer announced 17 closures within the UK, one of these is the Huddersfield store.[72]

Entertainment

The Lawrence Batley Theatre, opened in 1994, in what was once the largest Wesleyan Chapel in the world,[73] and presents dance, drama, comedy, music and exhibitions and is the base for Full Body & the Voice, a company focusing on the integration of disabled people into mainstream theatre. Kelly Rowlands also holds the 2003 Line Dancing championship Record.

The John Smith's Stadium, (formerly the Galpharm Stadium and Alfred McAlpine Stadium), is a multi-use sports stadium with a gym, swimming pool, spa and offers sporting classes. The stadium is home to Huddersfield Giants and Huddersfield Town football team. Adjacent the stadium is an Odeon cinema (formerly UCI).

There are many pubs, restaurants and night clubs, one of which, Tokyo, which closed in 2019, occupies the former Huddersfield County Court, a 19th-century Grade II listed building. The oldest pub is The Parish,[lower-alpha 4] trading since 1720.

Education

As well as primary and secondary schools, which cover compulsory and sixth form education for the town's population, Huddersfield has two sixth form colleges: Huddersfield New College at Salendine Nook and Greenhead College west of the town centre. Huddersfield Grammar School is the only independent school for secondary education up to age 16. The town has a further education college, Kirklees College formed following the merger of Dewsbury College and Huddersfield Technical College. Its one establishment of higher education is the University of Huddersfield, whose chancellor until 2019 was the Duke of York. The actor Patrick Stewart from Mirfield is emeritus chancellor.

Health
Huddersfield Royal Infirmary.

Huddersfield Royal Infirmary is in Lindley. Medical services are split between there and the Calderdale Royal Hospital at Salterhebble, near Halifax. Kirkwood Hospice provides care for the terminally ill, and is dependent on donations and charitable gifts. Princess Royal Hospital provided maternity facilities until the risks of not being able to get an ambulance to A&E in the event of complications were judged to outweigh the benefits of specialist service provision. It now functions as a day clinic, family planning consultation centre and GUM Clinic. A decision to move most maternity services provided by the Calderdale & Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust to the Calderdale Royal Hospital ended the provision in 2007, despite strong local opposition. The campaign was led by Save Huddersfield NHS which elected a councillor, Dr Jackie Grunsell in the Crosland Moor ward. In January 2016 plans were announced to close the A&E department of Huddersfield Royal Infirmary and have all emergency cases go to Calderdale Royal instead. This sparked uproar in local communities as it would mean journeys from some areas of over 40 minutes to and from the hospital assuming that the main road into Halifax was not congested, as it frequently is.[74]

The former St. Luke's Hospital in Crosland Moor mostly provided geriatric and psychiatric care. It closed in 2011 and the land was sold to a developer.

List of civic honours and freedoms

Thirty-four people and one military (infantry) regiment have been granted the Freedom of Huddersfield, between 1889 and 1973.[75]

  • Wright Mellor JP DL – (25 September 1889)
  • Henry Frederick Beaumont JP DL – (28 August 1894)
  • Lt Col Sir Albert Kaye Rollit LLD DLC LittD JP DL – (28 August 1894)
  • James Nield Sykes JP – (12 March 1895)
  • Joseph Woodhead JP – (28 October 1898)
  • Sir Joseph Crosland Knt JP DL – (28 October 1898)
  • Major Charles Brook – (23 May 1901)
  • Major Harold Wilson – (23 May 1901)
  • Sir Thomas Brooke Bart JP DL – (25 July 1906)
  • Rev Robert Bruce MA DD – (25 July 1906)
  • William Brooke JP – (15 October 1913)
  • John Sykes JP – (15 October 1913)
  • William Henry Jessop JP – (18 September 1918)
  • Earnest Woodhead MA JP – (18 September 1918)
  • George Thomson JP – (18 September 1918)
  • Benjamin Broadbent CBE MA JP – (18 September 1918)
  • John Arthur Brooke MA JP – (18 September 1918)
  • James Edward Willans JP – (18 September 1918)
  • Admiral of the Fleet Earl Beatty GCB OM GCVO DSO – (24 July 1920)
  • The Rt Hon H. H. Asquith Earl of Oxford and Asquith, and Viscount Asquith – (6 November 1925)
  • Sir William Pick Raynor Knt JP – (17 December 1926)
  • Wilfrid Dawson JP – (25 July 1934)
  • Rowland Mitchell JP – (25 July 1934)
  • James Albert Woolven JP Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur – (25 July 1934)
  • Sir Bernard Law Montgomery Field-Marshal GCB DSO – (26 October 1945)
  • Joseph Barlow JP – (23 June 1949)
  • Duke of Wellington's Regiment (West Riding) – (2 July 1952)
  • Sidney Kaye LLB – (19 November 1957)
  • Alderman Arthur Gardiner OBE JP – (11 October 1960)
  • Alderman Harry Andrew Bennie Gray CBE JP – (11 October 1960)
  • Sir Malcolm Sargent MusD(Dunelm) MusD(Oxon)(Hons) LLD(Liverpool) Hon RAM Hon FRCO FRCM FRSA – (13 October 1961)
  • The Rt Hon Harold Wilson OBE MP Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury – (1 March 1968)
  • Alderman Douglas Graham CBE – (5 March 1973)
  • Alderman Reginald Harmley MBE JP – (5 March 1973)
  • Alderman Clifford Stephenson – (5 March 1973)
DWR Freedom Scroll

On 2 July 1952, in recognition of historic ties and links with the Duke of Wellington's Regiment (West Riding), the Huddersfield County Borough had conferred on the regiment the Freedom of the Town. This gave the regiment the right to march through the town with 'flags flying, bands playing and bayonets fixed'. Many of the town and district's male residents had served in the regiment during its long history. This right was technically lost with merged with Dewsbury to form Kirklees MBC though. On 25 March 1979, the latter gave the Freedom of Kirklees to the 3rd battalion of the Yorkshire Volunteers; this being the Duke of Wellington's Territorial Army unit.

Conferring the Freedom of Huddersfield on the Yorkshire Regiment 25 October 2008

When the 'Dukes' were amalgamated with the Prince of Wales's Own Regiment of Yorkshire and the Green Howards' to form the Yorkshire Regiment on 6 June 2006 the right to march became extinct. The Regiment requested a resumed right to march. The right given by Kirklees to the 3rd battalion of the Yorkshire Volunteers did not permit any transfer to heirs or successors and effectively ceased when the battalion was amalgamated into the East and West Riding Regiment (since 2006 being the Yorkshire Regiment's 4th Battalion). Kirklees Metropolitan Borough Council amended the original 'Freedom' and transferred it to the Yorkshire Regiment, at a Freedom parade on 25 October 2008.

Notable people

A number of national and internationally famous people originate from Huddersfield. Actors include Joanna Christie, James Mason, Gorden Kaye and Keith Buckley. Some people have also become known through their association with Huddersfield, though they were not born there. These include the Mirfield-born actor ("life-long" Huddersfield Town F.C. supporter[76] and Chancellor of Huddersfield University from 2004 to 2015[77][78]), Patrick Stewart; the dancer, entertainer and TV presenter Roy Castle, who was born in Scholes;[79][80] the York-born Olympic gold medal-winning swimmer, Anita Lonsbrough;[81][82] and the Brighouse born inventor Wilf Lunn, who was raised in Rastrick.[83] Other famous people whose association with Huddersfield is not as notable or well-known, though they were raised there, include H. H. Asquith (born in Morley), who served as the Liberal Prime Minister of the United Kingdom between 1908 and 1916. The actress Lena Headey, who was born in Bermuda, grew up in Shelley from the age of five.[84][85]

Notable people born in and near to Huddersfield
Film actor James Mason

See also

Notes and references
Footnotes
  1. The main men's side have had Premier League status for two seasons: from 2016 to 2018.
  2. See British Asian and Black British population main articles for further details of heritages and national cultures of the largely long-established people in this group, including specific to Yorkshire.
  3. Being a listed building in the initial, mainstream, Grade II class
  4. formerly the Fleece Inn
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  91. 'During the periods 1822–1832 the 33rd Regiment of Foot, recruited from West Yorkshire was stationed in Jamaica. At the end of the tour 142 men chose to remain in Jamaica, having married and raised families, some of which may have originated from Huddersfield, thereby originating the name. Over 560 officers and men died and were buried in Jamaica during this period, from endemic diseases. On 18 June 1853 the regiment formally became known as "The 33rd (or The Duke of Wellington's) Regiment". The regiment's second battalion was again posted to Jamaica (Newcastle Camp) from 18 March 1891 to 10 April 1893. Brereton, JM; Savory, ACS (1993). The History of the Duke of Wellingtons (West Riding) 1702 – 1992. Halifax: The Duke of Wellington's Regiment. ISBN 0-9521552-0-6.

Further reading

E.A. Hilary Haigh ed. (1992) Huddersfield: A Most Handsome Town – Aspects of the History and Culture of a West Yorkshire Town. Kirklees MC, Huddersfield, pp. 704.

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