List of endangered languages in India

An endangered language is a language that is at a risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language. UNESCO defines four levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not endangered) and "extinct":[1]

  • Vulnerable
  • Definitely endangered
  • Severely endangered
  • Critically endangered

India

The following table lists the 191 languages of India that are classified as vulnerable or endangered.

India
Language Status Comments ISO 639-3
A'tong languageSeverely endangered[1] aot
Adi languageVulnerable[1]Also spoken in: Chinaadi
Aimol languageCritically endangered[1] aim
Aiton languageSeverely endangered[1] aio
Anal languageVulnerable[1] anm
Angami languageVulnerable[1] njm
Angika languageVulnerable[1]Also spoken in: Nepalanp
Ao languageVulnerable[1] ngo
Apatani languageVulnerable[1] apt
Asur languageDefinitely endangered[1] asr
Badaga languageDefinitely endangered[1] bfq
Baghati languageCritically endangered[1] bfz
Balti languageVulnerable[1]Also spoken in: Pakistanbft
Bangani languageCritically endangered[1] gbm
Bangni languageVulnerable[1]  
Bawm languageDefinitely endangered[1]Also spoken in: Bangladeshbgr
Beechistani languageDefinitely endangered[1]Also spoken in: Beechistaanbkl
Bellari languageCritically endangered[1] brw
Bhadravahi languageDefinitely endangered[1]Also spoken in: Pakistanbhd
Bhalesi languageDefinitely endangered[1] bhd
Bharmauri languageDefinitely endangered[1] gbk
Bhumji languageVulnerable[1] bij
Biete languageDefinitely endangered[1] biu
Birhor languageCritically endangered[1] biy
Bishnupriya Manipuri languageVulnerable[1]Also spoken in: Bangladeshbpy
Bodo languageVulnerable[1] brx
Bokar languageVulnerable[1]Also spoken in: Chinaadi
Bori languageDefinitely endangered[1]Also spoken in: Chinaadi
Brokshat ķlanguageDefinitely endangered[1] bkk
Bunan languageDefinitely endangered[1] bfu
Byangsi languageDefinitely endangered[1]Also spoken in: Nepalbee
Chambeali languageDefinitely endangered[1] cdh
Chang languageVulnerable[1] nbc
Chokri languageVulnerable[1] nri
Churahi languageDefinitely endangered[1] cdj
Dakpa languageDefinitely endangered[1]Also spoken in: Bhutandka
Darma languageDefinitely endangered[1]Also spoken in: Nepaldrd
Deori languageDefinitely endangered[1] der
Dimasa languageVulnerable[1] dis
Gadaba languageCritically endangered[1] gdb, gau
Galo languageVulnerable[1] adl
Gangte languageDefinitely endangered[1] gnb
Garhwali languageVulnerable[1] gbm
Geta? languageSeverely endangered[1] gaq
Gondi languageVulnerable[1] gon
Gorum languageDefinitely endangered[1] pcj
Gutob languageVulnerable[1] gbj
Handuri languageCritically endangered[1] hii
Hill Miri languageDefinitely endangered[1] mrg
Hmar languageVulnerable[1] hmr
Ho languageVulnerable[1] hoc
Hrangkhol languageVulnerable[1] hra
Hruso languageDefinitely endangered[1]Also known as: Akahru
Idu languageDefinitely endangered[1]Also spoken in: Chinaclk
Irula languageVulnerable[1] iru
Jad languageDefinitely endangered[1]Also spoken in: Pakistanjda
Jangshung languageDefinitely endangered[1] jna, scu, ssk
Jarawa languageCritically endangered[1] ang
Jaunsari languageDefinitely endangered[1] jns
Juang languageDefinitely endangered[1] jun
Kabui languageVulnerable[1] nkf
Kachari languageDefinitely endangered[1] xac
Kanashi languageDefinitely endangered[1] xns
Kangdi languageDefinitely endangered[1] xnr
Karbi languageVulnerable[1] mjw
Khamba languageDefinitely endangered[1]Also spoken in: Chinakbg
Khampti languageVulnerable[1]  
Kharia languageVulnerable[1] khr
Khasali languageDefinitely endangered[1]  
Kheza languageVulnerable[1] nkh
Khiamngan languageVulnerable[1] nky
Khoirao languageVulnerable[1] nki
Khowa languageDefinitely endangered[1] bgg
Kinnauri languageDefinitely endangered[1] kns, kfk, cif, tpq
Koch languageDefinitely endangered[1] Also spoken in Bangladesh, Nepalkdq
Koda languageVulnerable[1] cdz
Kodagu languageDefinitely endangered[1] kfa
Koireng languageCritically endangered[1] nkd
Kokborok languageVulnerable[1]Also spoken in: Bangladeshtrp
Kolami languageDefinitely endangered[1] kfb
Kom languageDefinitely endangered[1] kmm
Konda languageDefinitely endangered[1] kfc
Konyak languageVulnerable[1] nbe
Koraga languageCritically endangered[1] kfd
Korku languageVulnerable[1] kfq
Koro languageDefinitely endangered[1]  
Korwa languageVulnerable[1] kfp
Kota languageCritically endangered[1] kfe
Kui languageVulnerable[1] kxu
Kului languageDefinitely endangered[1] kfx
Kumaoni languageVulnerable[1]Also spoken in: Nepalkfy
Kundal Shahi languageDefinitely endangered[1]Also spoken in: Pakistan 
Kurru languageDefinitely endangered[1] yeu
Kuruba languageCritically endangered[1] kfi
Kurukh languageVulnerable[1] kru
Kuvi languageDefinitely endangered[1] kxv
Ladakhi languageVulnerable[1]Also spoken in: Chinacna, lbj, tkk
Lamgang languageCritically endangered[1] lmk
Lamongse languageCritically endangered[1] nik
Langrong languageCritically endangered[1]  
Lepcha languageDefinitely endangered[1]Also spoken in: Bhutan, Nepallep
Lotha languageVulnerable[1] njh
Liangmai languageVulnerable[1] njn
Limbu languageDefinitely endangered[1]Also spoken in: Nepallif
Lishpa languageDefinitely endangered[1]  
Luro languageCritically endangered[1] tef
Mahasui languageDefinitely endangered[1] bfz
Malto languageDefinitely endangered[1] kmj
Manchad languageVulnerable[1] lae
Manda languageCritically endangered[1] mha
Mandeali languageDefinitely endangered[1] mjl
Mao languageVulnerable[1] nbi
Mara languageDefinitely endangered[1] mrh
Maram languageVulnerable[1] nma
Maring languageVulnerable[1] nng
Mech languageSeverely endangered[1] brx
> mni
Miji languageDefinitely endangered[1]  
Miju languageVulnerable[1]Also spoken in: Chinamxj
Milang languageDefinitely endangered[1] adi
Minyong languageVulnerable[1] adi
Mising languageDefinitely endangered[1] mrg
Mizo languageVulnerable[1] lus
Motuo Menba languageDefinitely endangered[1]Also spoken in: Chinatsj
Moyon languageDefinitely endangered[1] nmo
Mra languageCritically endangered[1]Also spoken in: China 
Mundari languageVulnerable[1] muw
Muot languageCritically endangered[1] ncb
Mzieme languageVulnerable[1] nme
Na languageCritically endangered[1]Also spoken in: China 
Nahali languageDefinitely endangered[1] nlx
Naiki languageCritically endangered[1] nit
Nihali languageCritically endangered[1] nll
Nocte languageVulnerable[1] njb
Nruanghmei languageVulnerable[1] nbu
Nyishi languageVulnerable[1] dap
Onge languageCritically endangered[1] oon
Padam languageVulnerable[1]  
Padri languageVulnerable[1] bhd
Paite languageVulnerable[1] pck, smt
Pangvali languageCritically endangered[1] pgg
Parji languageCritically endangered[1] pci
Pasi dialect of AdiDefinitely endangered[1] adi
Pengo languageCritically endangered[1] peg
Phom languageVulnerable[1] nph
Pochuri languageVulnerable[1] npo
Pu languageCritically endangered[1] caq
Purik languageVulnerable[1]Also spoken in: Pakistanprx
Purum languageCritically endangered[1]  
Rabha languageVulnerable[1] rah
Remo languageSeverely endangered[1] bfw
Rengma languageVulnerable[1] nnl, nre
Rongpo languageVulnerable[1] rnp
Ruga languageCritically endangered[1]
or Extinct
 ruh
Sanenyo languageCritically endangered[1] crv
Sangtam languageVulnerable[1] nsa
Sentinelese languageCritically endangered[1] std
Sherdukpen languageVulnerable[1] sdp
Sherpa languageVulnerable[1]Also spoken in: China, Nepalxsr
Shompen languageCritically endangered[1] sil
Simi languageVulnerable[1] nsm
Singpho languageDefinitely endangered[1] sgp
Sirmaudi languageCritically endangered[1] srx
Sora languageVulnerable[1] srb
Spiti languageVulnerable[1]Also spoken in: Pakistanspt
Sulung languageDefinitely endangered[1]Also spoken in: Chinasuv
Tagin languageVulnerable[1]  
Tai Nora languageCritically endangered[1]  
Tai Phake languageSeverely endangered[1] phk
Tai Rong languageCritically endangered[1]  
Takahanyilang languageCritically endangered[1] nik
Tamang languageVulnerable[1]Also spoken in: Nepaltaj, tge, tmk, tsf, tdg
Tangam languageCritically endangered[1] adi
Tangkhul languageVulnerable[1] nmf
Tangsa languageVulnerable[1] nst
Tarao languageCritically endangered[1] tro
Taruang languageVulnerable[1]Also spoken in: China, Burmamhu
Tawang languageVulnerable[1]Also spoken in: Bhutan, Chinatwm
Thado languageVulnerable[1] tcz
Tinan languageDefinitely endangered[1]Also spoken in: Chinalbf
Tiwa languageDefinitely endangered[1] lax
Toda languageCritically endangered[1] tcx
Toto languageCritically endangered[1] txo
Tshangla languageVulnerable[1]Also spoken in: Bhutan, Chinatsj
Tulu languageVulnerable[1] tcy
Turi languageDefinitely endangered[1] trd
Saurashtra languageVulnerable[1] trd
Wancho languageVulnerable[1] nnp
Yimchungru languageVulnerable[1] yim
Zakhring languageDefinitely endangered[1]Also spoken in: Chinazkr
Zangskari languageDefinitely endangered[1]Also spoken in: Pakistanzau
Zeme languageVulnerable[1] nzm

References

  1. Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2010). Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger. Memory of Peoples (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO Publishing. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2. Retrieved 2015-04-11.
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