List of military equipment used by mujahideen during Soviet–Afghan War
This list shows military equipment used by the mujahideen during the Soviet–Afghan War. The Mujahideen obtained weapons from many sources, mostly supplied by the CIA during Operation Cyclone and channeled through Pakistan. Many weapons were also captured from Soviet or DRA forces.
Small arms
Weapon | Type | Origin | Notes | |
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Webley Revolver | Revolver | ![]() |
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Enfield revolver | Revolver | ![]() |
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TT-33 | Semi-automatic pistol | ![]() |
Inherited from Royal Afghan Army and some captured from Soviet and DRA forces | |
Makarov PM | Semi-automatic pistol | ![]() |
Captured from Soviet and DRA forces | |
Stechkin APS | Machine Pistol | ![]() |
Captured from Soviet army and special forces | |
Type 54 pistol | Semi-automatic pistol | ![]() |
Obtained from China and Pakistan | |
PPSh-41 | Submachine Gun | ![]() |
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Sten[1] | Submachine Gun | ![]() |
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Heckler & Koch MP5 | Submachine Gun | ![]() |
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AK-47 | Assault Rifle | ![]() |
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AKS-47 | Assault Rifle | ![]() |
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AKM[2] | Assault Rifle | ![]() |
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AKMS | Assault Rifle | ![]() |
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Type 56 Assault Rifle | Assault Rifle | ![]() |
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AK-74 | Assault Rifle | ![]() |
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AKS-74U | Assault Rifle | ![]() |
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Heckler & Koch G3 | Assault Rifle | ![]() |
License built version obtained from Iran[3] | |
Norinco CQ [4] | Assault Rifle | ![]() |
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Jezail | Musket | |||
Martini–Henry | Single-shot Rifle | ![]() |
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Mosin-Nagant | Bolt-Action Rifle | ![]() |
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Lebel[3] | Bolt-Action Rifle | ![]() |
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M1 Garand | Semi-Automatic Rifle | ![]() |
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SKS | Semi-Automatic Rifle | ![]() |
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Lee-Enfield | Bolt-Action Rifle | ![]() |
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Hanyang 88[5] | Bolt-Action Rifle | ![]() | ||
RPD | Light Machine gun | ![]() |
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ZB-26 | Light Machine gun | ![]() |
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Degtyaryov machine gun | Light Machine gun | ![]() |
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PKM | General Purpose Machine gun | ![]() |
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Heavy weapons
This includes anti-air and anti-tank weapons used by the Mujahideen, also artillery.
Weapon | Type | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
DShK[3] | Heavy Machine Gun | ![]() |
|
Type 54 HMG[6] | Heavy Machine Gun | ![]() |
|
SG-43 Goryunov[7] | Heavy Machine Gun | ![]() |
|
ZU-23-2[8][9] | Anti-Aircraft Gun | ![]() |
Some mounted on Trucks and Armored vehicles. |
ZPU | Anti-Aircraft gun | ![]() |
ZPU-1, ZPU-2 and ZPU-4 Versions used. |
Oerlikon 20mm cannon | Anti-Aircraft gun | ![]() |
40 delivered in 1984.[10] |
RPG-2[3] | Anti-tank Grenade Launcher | ![]() |
|
RPG-7 | Anti-tank Grenade Launcher | ![]() |
|
RPG-18 | Anti-tank Grenade Launcher | ![]() |
Captured from Soviet forces |
RPG-22 | Anti-tank Grenade Launcher | ![]() |
Captured from Soviet forces[11] |
Type 69 RPG | Anti-tank Grenade Launcher | ![]() |
|
Type 56 | Recoilless Rifle | ![]() |
|
B-10 recoilless rifle | Recoilless Rifle | ![]() |
Chinese Type 65 variant also used.[6] |
SPG-9 | Recoilless Rifle | ![]() |
|
82-BM-37 | Mortar | ![]() |
Most widely used artillery piece[11] |
107mm M1938 mortar[12] | Mortar | ![]() |
|
Saqar | Multiple rocket launcher | ![]() |
Delivered in several variants with varying range and caliber.[12] |
76 mm M1942 | Field gun | ![]() |
Captured from DRA forces[11] |
M-30 | Howitzer | ![]() |
Captured from DRA forces[11] |
D-30 | Howitzer | ![]() |
Captured from DRA forces[11] |
Type 63 | Multiple rocket launcher | ![]() |
About 500 launchers supplied.[13] |
HN-5 | MANPAD | ![]() |
HN-5A and HN-5B versions delivered, About 400 missiles supplied.[13] |
Blowpipe (missile) | MANPAD | ![]() |
50 Launchers and 300 Missiles delivered.[13] |
FIM-43 Redeye | MANPAD | ![]() |
50 Launchers delivered.[13] |
FIM-92 Stinger | MANPAD | ![]() |
800 Missiles delivered overall, deliveries began in 1986.[13] |
9K32 Strela-2 | MANPAD | ![]() |
Egyptian Sakr-eye version also used. |
9K34 Strela-3[14] | MANPAD | ![]() |
|
BGM-71 TOW | ATGM | ![]() |
80 Launchers delivered in 1988[13] |
MILAN | ATGM | ![]() |
160 launchers delivered in 1988[11] |
Vehicles
The Mujahideen acquired substantial amounts of armoured vehicles from the DRA, both captured during combat and brought over by defectors but the lack of trained personnel, spare parts and the prevalence of Soviet airpower meant that they were seldom used.[11]
Weapon | Type | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
T-54/T-55 | Main Battle Tank | ![]() |
Captured from the DRA, limited use[11] |
BMP-1 | Infantry Fighting Vehicle | ![]() |
Captured from the DRA, limited use[11] |
BTR-60 | Armoured Personnel carrier | ![]() |
Captured from the DRA, limited use[11] |
BTR-152 | Armoured Personnel carrier | ![]() |
Captured from the DRA, limited use[11] |
GAZ-66 | Transport truck | ![]() |
Captured from the DRA[15] |
ZIL-130[16] | Transport truck | ![]() |
|
Toyota Land Cruiser | Pick-up truck | ![]() |
Bought in Pakistan[15] |
Gallery
- Jamiat-e-Islami Mujahideen manning a DShK.
- Strela 2 missile.
- Hezb-i Islami Khalis fighters with a mix of AK-47 and Lee-Enfield rifles
- Captured field guns
- Mujahideen weaponry seized by the Soviets: RPGs, light machine guns, submachine guns, shotguns
- Mujahideen weaponry seized by the Soviets: mortars, recoilless rifles
References
- Jalali, Ali Ahmad; Grau Lester (1989). Afghan Guerrilla Warfare, in the Words of the Mujahideen Fighters. MBI Publishing. p. 379. ISBN 0-7603-1322-9.
- Grau, Lester W. (1998). The bear went over the mountain – Soviet combat tactics in Afghanistan. Frank Cass. pp. 42. ISBN 0-7146-4413-7.
- Roy, Olivier (1990). Islam and resistance in Afghanistan. Cambridge University Press. p. 185. ISBN 0-521-39700-6.
- The Soviets in Afghanistan, the equipment seized what good things have (in Chinese) Retrieved April 20, 2016.
- Jalali, Ali Ahmad; Grau Lester (1989). Afghan Guerrilla Warfare, in the Words of the Mujahideen Fighters. MBI Publishing. p. 253. ISBN 0-7603-1322-9.
- "苏联人在阿富汗缴获的装备 啥好东西都有 – 铁血网". bbs.tiexue.net.
- Jalali, Ali Ahmad; Grau Lester (1989). Afghan Guerrilla Warfare, in the Words of the Mujahideen Fighters. MBI Publishing. p. 357. ISBN 0-7603-1322-9.
- "The Taliban acquisition of anti-aircraft platforms - FDD's Long War Journal". 2 November 2010.
- Jalali, Ali Ahmad; Grau Lester (1989). Afghan Guerrilla Warfare, in the Words of the Mujahideen Fighters. MBI Publishing. p. 135. ISBN 0-7603-1322-9.
- "Stinger missiles in Afghanistan".
- Isby, David (1989). War in a distant country, Afghanistan: invasion and resistance. Arms and Armour Press. pp. 42. ISBN 0-85368-769-2.
- "The Other Side of the Mountain: Mujahideen Tactics in the Soviet-Afghan War/Glossary". Wikisource.
- "Trade Registers". armstrade.sipri.org.
- http://www.acig.info/CMS/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=158&Itemid=47
- Urban, Mark (1990). War in Afghanistan. London: Palgrave MacMillan. p. 96. ISBN 0-333-51477-7.
- Grau, Lester W. (1998). The bear went over the mountain - Soviet combat tactics in Afghanistan. Frank Cass. pp. 169. ISBN 0-7146-4413-7.
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