List of nuclear research reactors
This is an annotated list of all the nuclear research reactors in the world, sorted by country, with operational status. For power reactors, see List of nuclear reactors.
Algeria
Es Salam (The Peace), 15 MW heavy-water nuclear reactor for research, located in Aïn Oussera, in service since 1993- Nur, research reactor built by Argentine INVAP
Antarctica
| Name | Location | Reactor type | Purpose | Status | Capacity
(kW) |
Construction start date | Operation date | Closure | Operator and owner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM-3A NNPU "Nukey Poo"[1] | McMurdo Station | power reactor | Shut down | 1,800 | 1962 | 1972, fully dismantled 1979 | US Navy |
Argentina
| Name | Location | Reactor type | Purpose | Status | Capacity
(kW) |
Construction start date | Operation date | Closure | Operator and owner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RA-0 | Tank type | Operational | 0.001 | 1958 | Universidad Nacional de Córdoba | ||||
| RA-1 Enrico Fermi | Tank type | Operational | 40 | May 1957 | 17 January 1958 | National Atomic Energy Commission | |||
| RA-2 | Critical assembly type | Shut down | 0.03 | 19 July 1966 | September 1983 | National Atomic Energy Commission | |||
| RA-3 | Pool type | Operational | 10,000 | 20 December 1967 | National Atomic Energy Commission | ||||
| RA-4 | HOMOG type | Operational | 0.001 | September 1971 | Universidad Nacional de Rosario | ||||
| RA-6 | Pool type | Operational | 3,000 | 1 September 1978 | 23 September 1982 | National Atomic Energy Commission | |||
| RA-8 | Critical assembly type | Operation suspended | 0.01 | 16 June 1997 | 2001 | National Atomic Energy Commission | |||
| RA-10 | Under construction | 30,000 | March 2016 | National Atomic Energy Commission |
Australia
- High Flux Australian Reactor, a 10 MW DIDO class reactor in Lucas Heights, New South Wales that produced nuclear medicine (approximately half a million doses a year) for the diagnosis and treatment of major diseases such as cancer and heart disease. HIFAR also produced neutron beams for research, particularly neutron diffraction analysis of crystal structures, and irradiation facilities for various purposes especially materials testing and chemical analysis. It first went critical on 26 January 1958, was shut down in January 2007[3] and is currently under a care and maintenance program.[4]
MOATA, 100 kW Argonaut class reactor, dismantled in 2009.- Open-pool Australian lightwater reactor, 20 MW, a replacement for the High Flux Australian Reactor supplied by INVAP of Argentina. This facility first went critical at 11.25pm on 12 August 2006[5] and achieved full power for the first time on 3 November 2006.
Austria
- Austrian Research Centers at Seibersdorf — 10 MW ASTRA research reactor (in use 1960–1999)
- Atomic Institute of the Austrian Universities in Vienna — 250 kW TRIGA Mark II research reactor (in use since 1962)
- Reactor Institute of the Technical University in Graz — 10 kW Siemens Argonaut research reactor (operated from 1965–2004)
Belarus
Belgium
- BR-1 – 4MWt air-cooled, graphite moderated research reactor at SCK•CEN, Mol[6]
- BR-2 – 125MWt water-cooled, beryllium moderated material testing research reactor at SCK•CEN, Mol[7]
- BR-3 – 11MWe PWR reactor (shut down and fully decommissioned) at SCK•CEN, Mol[8]
- VENUS – zero power critical facility, converted to GUINEVERE, at SCK•CEN, Mol[9]
- GUINEVERE – fast, accelerator driven, lead-cooled reactor at SCK•CEN, Mol[10]
- Thetis reactor – 250kWt pool type reactor (shut down and fully decommissioned) at Ghent university (51°1′25.71″N 3°44′21.96″E)[11][12][13]
Brazil
- IEA-R1 – 5MW open pool reactor, – IPEN-Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo (criticality 1957-09-16)
- IPR-R1 – 250 kW TRIGA Mark I, – CDTN-Centro de Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte (criticality 1960-11-06)
- ARGONAUTA – 100 kW Argonaut class reactor, – IEN-Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, Rio de Janeiro (criticality 1965-02-20)
- IPEN/MB-01 – 0.1 kW Critical assembly, – IPEN-Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paolo (criticality 1988-11-09)
Bulgaria
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Sofia) – IRT-200 research reactor, partially decommissioned in 2009, shut down
Canada
| Name | Reactor Type | Status | Capacity | Operation Date | Closure | Operator and Owner | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MAPLE 1 | Medical isotope production reactor |  Never Operated |
2000 | Chalk River Laboratories | Incomplete commissioning, never completed testing. However, criticality was achieved[14] | ||
| MAPLE 2 | Medical isotope production reactor | Never Operated |
2003 | Chalk River Laboratories | Incomplete commissioning, never completed testing. However, criticality was achieved[14] | ||
| NRU | Heavy water cooled/moderated[15] | Shut Down |
135 MW | 1957 | 2018[16] | Chalk River Laboratories | |
| NRX | Heavy water moderated, light water cooled[15] | Shut Down |
42 MW | 1947 | 1993 | Chalk River Laboratories | One of the highest flux reactors in the world until shut down |
| SLOWPOKE-1 prototype | Pool Type | Shut Down |
5 kW | Chalk River Laboratories, University of Toronto | The prototype was moved to the University of Toronto in 1971 | ||
| PTR | Pool type | Shut Down |
1990 | Chalk River Laboratories | |||
| ZED-2 | Operational |
200 Wth | 1960 | Chalk River Laboratories | |||
| ZEEP | Heavy water | Shut Down |
0 | 1945 | 1973 | Chalk River Laboratories | The first nuclear reactor in Canada, and first outside the United States |
| WR-1 | Organiclly-cooled CANDU | Shut Down |
1965[17] | 1985 | Whiteshell Laboratories | Coolant leak of 2,739 litres in Nov. 1978.[18] | |
| SLOWPOKE-3 demonstration | Pool type | Shut Down |
2 MWth | 1987[17] | 1989[17] | Whiteshell Laboratories | |
| SLOWPOKE-2 | Pool type | Operational |
0 | 1981 | Saskatchewan Research Council | On 17 January 2018, the reactor surpassed 20,000 hours of operation | |
| SLOWPOKE-2 | Pool type | Shut Down |
20 kW | 1984[17] | 1989 | Nordion | |
| SLOWPOKE-2 prototype | Pool type | Shut Down |
20 kW | 1971[17] | Tunney's Pasture | ||
| SLOWPOKE-2 | Pool type | Shut Down |
20 kW | 1976[17] | Dalhousie University | ||
| Pool type | Operational |
0 | 1976 | École Polytechnique de Montréal | |||
| McMaster Nuclear Reactor | SLOWPOKE-2 pool type | Operational |
5 MWth | 1959 | McMaster University | ||
| SLOWPOKE-2 | Pool type | Operational |
20 kW | 1985 | Royal Military College | ||
| SLOWPOKE-2 | Pool type | Shut Down |
20 kW | 1977[17] | 2017 | University of Alberta | |
| SLOWPOKE-2 | Pool type | Shut Down |
20 kW | 1976[17] | 2001 | University of Toronto | Rebuilt from SLOWPOKE-1 |
Chile
- RECH 1 – Pool-type reactor, 5 MW MTR – Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Santiago (criticality 1974)
- RECH 2 – Pool-type reactor, 10 MW MTR – Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Santiago (criticality 1977, refurbished 1989), currently in extended shutdown[19]
China
- CEFR Chinese Experimental Fast Reactor (65 MW, 20 MWe, sodium cooled fast-spectrum neutron reactor). Located at CIAE Beijing, construction started May 2000, first criticality July 2010.
Democratic Republic of the Congo
- TRICO I – TRIGA reactor, CREN-K (University of Kinshasa), 50 kW (initial criticality 1959, shut down 1970)
- TRICO II – TRIGA reactor, CREN-K (University of Kinshasa), 1 MW (initial criticality 1972, extended shut down since 2004)[20]
Czech Republic
Denmark
Egypt
Estonia
- Paldiski – 2 PWR naval training reactors (dismantled)
Finland
- FiR 1 – TRIGA Mark II, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo (installed 1962, decommissioned 2015)
France
Shut down:
- Zoé (EL1), the first French nuclear reactor (1948)
- Eau lourde n°2 (EL2)
- Aquilon
- Eau lourde n°3 (EL3)
- Rubéole
- Mélusine
- Proserpine
- PEG
- Alizé
- Minerve
- Triton
- Néréide
- Marius
- Ulysse
- Peggy
- Rachel
- Siloé
- Pégase
- Siloette
- Prototype à terre (PAT)
- Cesar
- Marius
- Harmonie
- Osiris
- Réacteur universitaire de Strasbourg (RUS)
- Rhapsodie
- Eau lourde n°4 (EL4)
- Celestin I
- Celestin II
- Prospero
- Caliban
- Phénix
- Silène
- Chaufferie avancée prototype (Cap)
- Phébus
- Réacteur nouvelle génération (RNG)
Working:
- Azur at Cadarache
- Cabri at Cadarache
- Eole at Cadarache
- Isis at Saclay Nuclear Research Centre
- Masurca at Cadarache
- Réacteur à Haut Flux (RHF) at Institut Laue-Langevin, currently the world's most intense source of neutrons and the source of the most intense neutron flux
- Minerve at Cadarache
- Orphée at Saclay Nuclear Research Centre
Germany
- AKR II – Ausbildungskernreaktor II, Technische Universität Dresden; rating: 2 W, commissioned 2005
- AVR – Arbeitsgemeinschaft Versuchsreaktor, Forschungszentrum Jülich; rating: 15 MW, commissioned 1969; closed 1988
- BER II – Berliner-Experimentier-Reaktor II, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie; rating: 10 MW, commissioned 1990
- FRG-1 (see GKSS Research Center) – Geesthacht; rating: 5 MW, commissioned 1958
- FRM II – Technische Universität München; rating: 20 MW, commissioned 2004
- FRMZ – TRIGA of the University of Mainz, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry; continuous rating: 0.10 MW, pulse rating for 30ms: 250 MW; commissioned 1965
- FR2 - Forschungsreaktor 2; rating: 44 MW; commissioned 1957; closed: 1981
Planned
- Wyhl, planned nuclear plant that was never built because of long-time resistance by the local population and environmentalists.
Greece
(Temporary shutdown) GRR-1 – 5 MW research reactor at Demokritos National Centre for Scientific Research, Athens.[21][22]
Hungary
- Budapest
- Technical University of Budapest (BME) Institute of Nuclear Techniques – University Research Reactor (100 kW)
- KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute (see KFKI) – (10 MW VVR-SM Budapest Research Reactor)
India
- Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) – Trombay
- Apsara reactor – Asia's first nuclear reactor. 1 MW, pool type, light water moderated, enriched uranium fuel supplied by France
- CIRUS reactor – 40 MW, supplied by Canada, heavy water moderated, uses natural uranium fuel
- Dhruva reactor – 100 MW, heavy water moderated, uses natural uranium fuel
- Purnima series
- Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research (IGCAR) – Kalpakkam
- PFBR – 500MWe Sodium cooled fast breeder nuclear reactor, under construction. Expected completion 2015.
- FBTR – 40 MW Fast Breeder Test Reactor, uses mixed (plutonium and uranium) carbide fuel
- KAMINI –30 kW, uses U-233 fuel
Indonesia
- Bandung – TRIGA Mark II (250 kW installed 1965, 2MW installed 1997)
- Yogyakarta – TRIGA Mark II (100 kW installed 1979)
- Serpong, South Tangerang – SIWABESSY 30MWh Multi-Purpose Reactor (installed 1987)
Iran
- Tehran – AMF reactor at Tehran Nuclear Research Center (supplied by USA, 1967)
- Isfahan, Nuclear Technology Center (mainly supplied by China,[23])
- MNSR – 27 kW Miniature Neutron Source Reactor
- Light Water Subcritical Reactor (LWSCR)
- Heavy Water Zero Power Reactor (HWZPR)
- Graphite Subcritical Reactor (GSCR)
- Arak – IR-40 Heavy water-moderated reactor (under construction, planned commissioning 2014)
Iraq
- IRT-5000 5 MW Destroyed in Operation Desert Storm and Operation Iraqi Liberation (Supplied by The Soviet Union.[24])
- Tamuz-1 40 MW thermal tank-pool research reactor(OSIRIS reactor). Destroyed in Operation Scorch Sword and Operation Opera (Supplied, fueled and serviced by France.[24])
- Tamuz-2 500 KW ISIS neutron modelling module. Destroyed in Operation Desert Storm and Operation Iraqi Liberation (Supplied, fueled and serviced by France.[24])
Tamuz-1 and Tamuz-2 are parts of the same French nuclear research complex design, the OSIRIS research complex. All three reactors were located at the same site.[25] [26]
Israel
- Negev Nuclear Research Center – EL-102 uranium/heavy water research reactor, originally 24 MW (supplied by France, operational 1962, not under IAEA safeguards)
- Soreq Nuclear Research Center – 5 MW light water research reactor (supplied by USA, operational 1960)
Italy
- Brasimone (Bologna) – PEC (Prove Esperimenti Combustibile - Fuel Test Experiments): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - National Atomic Energy Agency - Brasimone Research Center (1972–1987)[27]
- Ispra (Varese) – ISPRA-1 (5 MW): European Commission Joint Research Centre (1959–1973)[28][29][30][31]
- Ispra (Varese) – ECO (Essai Critique ORGEL, 1 kW): European Commission Joint Research Centre (1966–1983)[28][30][32][31]
- Ispra (Varese) – ESSOR (ESSai ORrganique eau lourde, 25MW): European Commission Joint Research Centre (1967–1983)[28][33][31]
- Legnaro (Padova) - RTS-1: INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - National Institute for Nuclear Physic (1963–1980)[34]
- Milano - L-54 (50 kW): CeSNEF Centro Studi Nucleari "Enrico Fermi" - Politecnico di Milano (1957–1979)[35]
- Montecuccolino (Bologna) - RB-1 (zero-power reactor): University of Bologna (1962–1985)[36]
- Montecuccolino (Bologna) - RB-2 (1 kW): University of Bologna (1964–1985)
- Montecuccolino (Bologna) - RB-3 - Aquilone 11 (1 kW): University of Bologna (1971–1989)
- Pavia – TRIGA LENA (TRIGA Mk.II model, 250 kW): University of Pavia (1965 - operational)[37]
- Palermo - AGN-201 "Costanza" (zero-power reactor): University of Palermo (1960 – operational)[38]
- Saluggia (Vercelli) - AVOGADRO RS-1 ("Swimming Pool" model): FIAT/Montecatini (1959–1971)[39]
- San Piero a Grado (Pisa) – RTS-1 "Galileo Galilei" ("Swimming Pool" model, 5MW): CAMEN Centro Applicazioni Militari Energia Nucleare - Center for Military Applications of Nuclear Energy (1963–1980)[40]
- Santa Maria di Galeria (Roma) – ROSPO-2 (2 kW): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - Casaccia Research Center (1960–1975)[41]
- Santa Maria di Galeria (Roma) – TRIGA RC-1 (modified TRIGA Mk.II model, 1MW): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - Casaccia Research Center (1960–1987, reactivated 2010)[42]
- Santa Maria di Galeria (Roma) – RC-4 RITMO (0.01 kW): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - Casaccia Research Center (1965–1978)[43]
- Santa Maria di Galeria (Roma) – RANA (10 kW): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - Casaccia Research Center (1965–1981)[44]
- Santa Maria di Galeria (Roma) – TAPIRO (modified Argonne Fast Source Reactor model, 5 kW): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - Casaccia Research Center (1971–1987, reactivated 2010)[45]
Jamaica
Japan
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) Reactors
- Tōkai JRR-1 (Japan Research Unit No. 1, shut down)
- Tōkai JRR-2 (shut down)
- Tōkai JRR-3
- Tōkai JRR-4
- Tōkai JPDR (Japan Power Demonstration Reactor, shut down)
- Ōarai High-temperature engineering test reactor (HTTR)
- Ōarai JMTR (Japan Materials Testing Reactor)
- Naka JT-60 fusion reactor
- Nuclear Safety Research Reactor
- Fugen (ATR (Advanced Thermal Reactor), shut down)
- Jōyō (FBR)
- Monju (FBR)
- Kinki University
- UTR-KINKI
- Kyoto University
- KUR
- Musashi Institute of Technology (Tokyo City University)
- MITRR (TRIGA-II) (shut down 1990)
- Rikkyo University
- RUR (TRIGA-II) (shut down)
- University of Tokyo
- Yayoi (shut down)
Jordan
- Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) – Ar Ramtha
- Jordan Research and Training Reactor (JRTR) – Jordan's first nuclear reactor, 5 MW research reactor, supplied by South Korea, first critical 2015, operational 2016.[46]
Kazakhstan
- Alatau, Institute of Nuclear Physics of the National Nuclear Center
- VVR-K – 10 MWe reactor
- Kurchatov, National Nuclear Center, Semipalatinsk Test Site
- IVG-1M – 60 MW reactor
- RA – zirconium hydride moderated reactor (dismantled)
- IGR (Impulse Graphite Reactor) – 50 MW reactor
Latvia
- Salaspils, Nuclear Research Center
- 5 MWe research reactor (shut down)
Libya
- Tajura Nuclear Research Center, REWDRC (see ) – 10 MW research reactor (supplied by the USSR)
Malaysia
- Kuala Lumpur - TRIGA Mark II, Malaysian Institute of Nuclear Technology Research (installed 1982)
Mexico
- Mexico City - TRIGA Mark III, National Institute for Nuclear Research
- Mexico City - National Polytechnic Institute - "Nuclear-Chicago Modelo 9000" subcritical research reactor[47][48]
- Zacatecas - Autonomous University of Zacatecas - Subcritical research reactor[47]
Netherlands
- Reactor Institute Delft, part of Delft University of Technology
- Petten nuclear reactor in Petten
- Biologische Agrarische Reactor Nederland, part of Wageningen University, shut down in 1980
- ATHENE nuclear reactor, at the Eindhoven University of Technology, shut down
- KEMA Suspensie Test Reactor, test reactor at KEMA, Arnhem, disassembled 2003
North Korea
Norway
- Kjeller reactors
- NORA (activated 1961, shut down 1967)
- JEEP I (activated 1951, shut down 1967)
- JEEP II (activated 1966, scheduled to temporarily shut down in December 2016, unknown what year it will reopen)[49]
- Halden Reactor
- HBWR - Halden boiling water reactor (activated 1959)
Pakistan
Under IAEA safeguards
| Reactor | Type | MW | Location | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PARR I | Pool-type reactor | 10 | Islamabad | Operational since 1965 |
| PARR II | Pool-type reactor | 30 kW | Islamabad | Operational since 1974 |
Not under IAEA safeguards
| Reactor | Type | MW | Location | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Khushab-I | HWR | Classified. Estimated: 50-70 | Khushab | Operational since 1998 |
| Khushab-II | HWR | Classified | Khushab | Operational since 2010 |
| Khushab-III | HWR | Classified | Khushab | Under construction |
| Khushab-IV | HWR | Classified | Khushab | Under construction[50] |
Panama
- USS Sturgis - floating nuclear power plant for Panama Canal (operating 1966 to 1976)
Peru
Philippines
- PRR-1 - 3 MW TRIGA-converted reactor, Quezon City. Managed by the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (formerly Philippine Atomic Energy Commission). 1st criticality in August 1963, reactor conversion in March 1984, criticality after conversion in April 1988, shut down since 1988 for pool repairs, on extended shutdown at present.
Poland
- Ewa reactor - 10 MW VVR-SM research reactor (dismantled in 1995)
- Maria reactor - 30 MW research reactor
- Anna reactor - 10 kW research reactor (dismantled)
- Agata reactor - 10 W zero-power research reactor (dismantled)
- Maryla reactor - 100 W zero-power research reactor (dismantled)
- UR-100 reactor - 100 kW training reactor (dismantled)
Portugal
- Sacavem - RPI, Portuguese Research Reactor - 1 MW pool type, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear
Puerto Rico
- Mayagüez - TRIGA reactor (dismantled)
- Boiling Nuclear Superheater (BONUS) Reactor Facility, BONUS - superheated BWR (decommissioned). Listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
Romania
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Mioveni, 110 km northwest of Bucharest - TRIGA reactor (capable consisting of either a 500 kW pulse ACPR core, or a 14 MW steady state core)
- National Institute for Research and Isotopic Separation, Govora, 170 km west of Bucharest - no research reactors, but instead devoted to heavy water production
- National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, IFIN-HH, Mǎgurele, 5 km southwest of Bucharest - a 2 MW VVR-S research reactor (shut down in April 2002, with decommissioning/dismantling started in 2013)
Russia
A total of 98 nuclear research facilities, including:[53]
- T-15 fusion reactor at Kurchatov Institute
- VVR-M 18 MW reactor at St. Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics
- IBR-2 2 MW pulsed reactor at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Serbia
- Vinca Nuclear Institute, Vinča
- RA - Reaktor A (1956–2002) - 6.5 MW heavy water moderated and cooled research reactor
- RB - Reaktor B (1958-...) - At the very beginning the RB reactor was designed and constructed as an unreflected zero power heavy water - natural uranium critical assembly. First criticality was reached in April 1958. Later, the 2% enriched metal uranium fuel and 80% enriched UO2 fuel were obtained and used in the reactor core. Modifications of the reactor control, safety and dosimetry systems (1960, 1976, 1988) converted the RB critical assembly to a flexible heavy water reflected experimental reactor with 1 W nominal power, operable up to 50 W. Several coupled fast-thermal systems were designed and constructed at RB reactor in the early 1990s, for research in fast reactors physics.
Slovenia
- Ljubljana - 250 kW[54] TRIGA Mark II research reactor (web page link), Jožef Stefan Institute (supplied in 1966 by the United States)
| Name | Unit No. |
Reactor | Status | Capacity in MW | Construction start | Commercial operation | Closure | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Model | Net | Gross | ||||||
| Jožef Stefan Institute | 1 | Pool-type reactor | General Atomics TRIGA Mark II | Operational | 0.25 | 31 May 1966 14:15 | 2026 | ||
South Africa
- Pelindaba - Pelindaba Nuclear Research Center near Pretoria 25°48′03″S 27°56′54″E
- SAFARI-1 20MW open pool reactor
South Korea
- Aerojet General Nucleonics Model 201 Research reactor
- High-Flux Advanced Neutron Application Reactor, MAPLE class reactor
- TRIGA General Atomics Mark II (TRIGA-Mark II) Research Reactor (decommissioned)
- TRIGA General Atomics Mark III (TRIGA-Mark III) Research Reactor (decommissioned)
Spain
- Argos 10 kW Argonaut reactor - Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona (shut down 1992)
- CORAL-I reactor
Sweden
| Name | Location | Description | Power | Operational | Current status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R1 | KTH, Stockholm | Research | 1 MW | 1954–1970 | dismantled |
| R2 | Studsvik | Research, production of isotopes for industry | 50 MW | 1960–2005 | shut down |
| R2-0 | Studsvik | Research, production of isotopes for industry | 1 MW | 1960–2005 | shut down |
| Ågestaverket (R3) | Farsta, Stockholm | District heating | 80 MW | 1963–1973 | shut down |
| R4 | Marviken, Norrköping | Research, plutonium production | — | never completed | abandoned in 1970 |
| FR-0 | Studsvik | Research, zero-power fast reactor | low | 1964–1971 | dismantled |
Switzerland
- SAPHIR - Pool reactor. First criticality: 30 April 1957. Shut down 1993. Paul Scherrer Institut
- DIORIT - HW cooled and moderated. First criticality: 15 April 1960. Shut down 1977. Paul Scherrer Institut
- Proteus - Null-power reconfigurable reactor (graphite moderator/reflector). Shut down 2012. Paul Scherrer Institut
- Lucens - Prototype power reactor (GCHWR) 30 MWh/6 MWe. Shut down in 1969 after accident. Site decommissioned.
- CROCUS - Null-power light water reactor. In operation. École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne
Taiwan
- Hsinchu - TRIGA, National Tsing Hua University (installed 1958)[55]
Thailand
- Thai Research Reactor 1/Modification 1 (TRR-1/M1) Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT) Bangkok - TRIGA Mark III (installed 1962, modified 1975-77)
- TRIGA MPR 10, Ongkharak Nuclear Research Center (under construction)
Turkey
- TR-1 Research Reactor (Turkish Atomic Energy Authority)
- TR-2 Research Reactor (Turkish Atomic Energy Authority)
- TRIGA MARK II Research Reactor (Istanbul Technical University) Institute of Energy
Fuel pilot plants
- TRD Fuel Pilot Plant (Turkish Atomic Energy Authority)
Ukraine
- Kiev Institute for Nuclear Research
- Sevastopol Institute of Nuclear Energy and Industry
United Kingdom
- Aldermaston - VIPER - Atomic Weapons Establishment
- Ascot - CONSORT reactor, Imperial College London, Silwood Park campus. Began operation in 1965, shut down in 2012, fuel removed in 2014. Decommissioning ongoing since 2015.
- Billingham - TRIGA Mark I reactor, ICI Physics and Radioisotopes Dept of ICI R&D, Billingham (later to become Tracerco) (installed 1971, shut down 1988)
- Culham - JET fusion reactor
- Derby - Neptune - Rolls-Royce Marine Power Operations Ltd, Raynesway
- Dounreay
- The Shore Test Facility (STF) at VULCAN (Rolls-Royce Naval Marine)
- DSMP1 at VULCAN (Rolls-Royce Naval Marine) (shut down 1984)
- DMTR
- Dounreay Fast Reactor - Fast breeder reactor (shut down 1994)
- Prototype Fast Reactor
- East Kilbride - Scottish Universities Research and Reactor Centre (100 kW Argonaut class reactor deactivated 1995, fully dismantled 2003)
- Harwell AERE
- London
- Greenwich - JASON 10 kW Argonaut class reactor (dismantled 1999)
- Stratford Marsh - Queen Mary College (commissioned 1966, deactivated 1982, (fully dismantled))
- Risley - Universities Research Reactor (shut down 1991 decommissioned-land released 1996)
- Sellafield (named Windscale until 1971)
- PILE 1 (shut down 1957 after Windscale fire)
- PILE 2 (shut down 1957)
- WAGR (shut down 1982)
- Winfrith - Dorchester, Dorset, 9 reactors, shut down 1990
United States
Plutonium production reactors
- Hanford Site, Washington
- B-Reactor (Pile) - Preserved as a museum
- F-Reactor (Pile) - Cocooned
- D-Reactor (Pile) - Cocooned
- H-Reactor (Pile) - Cocooned[56]
- DR-Reactor (Pile) - Cocooned
- C-Reactor (Pile) - Cocooned
- KE-Reactor (Pile) - Being cocooned
- KW-Reactor (Pile) - Being cocooned
- N-Reactor - Cocooned[57]
- Savannah River Site, South Carolina
- R-Reactor (Heavy Water) - S&M (Surveillance and Maintenance) mode
- P-Reactor (Heavy Water) - S&M mode
- L-Reactor (Heavy Water) - S&M mode
- K-Reactor (Heavy Water) - S&M mode
- C-Reactor (Heavy Water) - S&M mode
United States Naval reactors
- Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory
- Prototype S8G Reactor
- MARF prototype reactor
- D1G prototype (decommissioned)
- S3G prototype (decommissioned), Ballston Spa, New York
- Nuclear Power Training Unit, Charleston, South Carolina
- USS Daniel Webster (SSBN 626)
- USS Sam Rayburn (SSBN 635)
Research reactors
- Arkansas-Southwest Experimental Fast Oxide Reactor, Arkansas
- SEFOR - Shut down
- Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois and Argonne National Laboratory-West, Idaho through formation of Idaho National Laboratory in 2005; these reactors were due to a number of US government contractors at the National Reactor Testing Station and subsequent facilities at the same site.[58]
- Argonne Low Power Reactor; also known as the Stationary Low-Power Reactor (SL-1) - Facility was turned over to the U.S. Army (1958), was destroyed in an accident (1961)[59]
- AFSR - Shut down[60]
- ARMF-I - Shut down
- ARMF-II - Shut down
- Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) - Operating
- Advanced Test Reactor Critical (ATRC) – Operating
- A1W-A - Shut down
- A1W-B - Shut down
- BORAX-I - intentionally exploded[61]
- BORAX-II - Shut down[62]
- BORAX-III - Shut down[63]
- BORAX-IV - Shut down[64]
- BORAX-V - Shut down (1964)[65]
- CET - Shut down
- CFRMF - Shut down
- CP-1 - Chicago Pile 1 (Relocated and renamed as Chicago Pile 2 in 1943) - Shut down,[66][67]
- CP-3 - Chicago Pile 3 - Shut down[68]
- CP-5 - Chicago Pile 5 - Shut down (1979)[69]
- CRCE - Shut down
- EBR-I - Experimental Breeder Reactor I (originally CP-4) - Shut down[70]
- EBR-II - Experimental Breeder Reactor II - Shut down[71]
- EBWR - Experimental Boiling Water Reactor - Shut down[72]
- EBOR - Never operated
- ECOR - Never operated
- Experimental Test Reactor - Shut down
- ETRC - Shut down
- FRAN - Shut down
- GCRE - Gas Cooled Reactor Experiment - shut down
- HTRE-1 - Heat Transfer Reactor Experiment 1 - shut down
- HTRE-2 - Heat Transfer Reactor Experiment 2 - shut down
- HTRE-3 - Heat Transfer Reactor Experiment 3 - shut down
- HOTCE - Shut down
- IFR - Integral Fast Reactor - Never operated[73][74]
- JANUS reactor - Shut down (1992)[75]
- JUGGERNAUT - Shut down[76]
- LMFBR - Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor - Shut down
- LOFT - Shut down
- ML-1 - Mobile Low Power Plant - shut down
- MTR - Shut down[77]
- NRAD - Operating
- OMRE - Shut down
- PBF - Shut down
- RMF - Shut down
- SCRCE - Shut down
- SL-1/ALPR - Stationary Low Power Plant - Shut down[59]
- SNAPTRAN-1 - Shut down
- SNAPTRAN-2 - Shut down
- SNAPTRAN-3 - Shut down
- SPERT-I - Shut down
- SPERT-II - Shut down
- SPERT-III - Shut down
- SPERT-IV - Shut down
- SUSIE - Operating
- S1W/STR - Shut down[78]
- S5G - Shut down
- ZPR-7 - Shut down[79]
- THRITS - Shut down
- Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT) - Operating.
- ZPPR - Zero Power Physics Reactor (formerly Zero Power Plutonium Reactor) - Standby,[80][81]
- ZPR-III - Shut down[82]
- ZPR-6 - Shut down in 1982[83]
- ZPR-9 - Shut down in 1981[84]
- 603-A - Shut down
- 710 - Shut down
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York
- High Flux Beam Reactor - Shut down (1999)
- Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor - Shut down (2000)
- Brookhaven Graphite Research Reactor - Shut down (1968)
- Hanford Site, Washington
- Fast Flux Test Facility - Core drilled
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho; these reactors operated or were constructed after the formation of the lab in 2005; see preceding list for Argonne National Laboratory which includes all reactors constructed and operated at this site prior to 2005.
- ATR - Operating
- ATRC - Operating
- NRAD - Operating
- Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT) - Operating
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico
- UHTREX - Shut down
- Omega West - Shut down
- Clementine - Shut down
- Nevada Test Site, Nevada
- BREN Tower
- Demonstration Using Flattop Fission (DUFF) - Operated 2012-2012
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee
- X-10 Graphite Reactor - Shut down, operated 1943-1963
- Homogeneous Reactor Experiment (HRE) - Shut down, operated 1952-1954
- Homogeneous Reactor Test (HRT) - Shut down, operated 1957-1961
- Aircraft Reactor Experiment (ARE) - Shut down, operated 1954-1955
- Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) - Shut down, operated 1965-1969
- Health Physics Research Reactor (HPRR) - Shut down, operated 1963-1987
- Low-Intensity Test Reactor (LITR)- Shut down, operated 1950-1968
- Bulk Shielding Reactor (BSR) - Shut down, operated 1950-1987
- Geneva Conference Reactor - Shut down, operated 1955
- Tower Shielding Reactor-I (TSR-I) - Shut down, operated 1954-1958
- Tower Shielding Reactor-II (TSR-II) - Shut down, operated 1958-1982
- Oak Ridge Research Reactor (ORR) - Shut down, operated 1958-1987
- High Flux Isotope Reactor - Operating, started 1965
- Pool Critical Assembly - Shut down, operated 1958 - 1987
- Experimental Gas Cooled Reactor (EGCR) - Constructed, but never operated (project canceled in 1966)
- Savannah River Site, South Carolina
- HWCTR - Heavy Water Components Test Reactor - Partial decommissioning
- Santa Susana Field Laboratory, Simi Hills California
- Sodium Reactor Experiment (Accident 1959, closed 1964)
- SNAP-10A (Shut down 1965, presently orbiting)
Civilian research and test reactors licensed to operate
Under decommission orders or license amendments
(These research and test reactors are authorized to decontaminate and dismantle their facility to prepare for final survey and license termination.)
With possession-only licenses
(These research and test reactors are not authorized to operate the reactor, only to possess the nuclear material on-hand. They are permanently shut down.)
- General Electric Company, Sunol, California (two research and test reactors, one power reactor)
- Nuclear Ship Savannah, James River Reserve Fleet, Virginia (one power reactor)
- University at Buffalo (In use until 1994)
- U.S. Veterans Administration, Omaha, NE
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA
Uruguay
Venezuela
- RV-1 nuclear reactor - 3MW pool-type reactor at Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC) (criticality in 1960, shut down in 1994)
See also
Notes and references
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External links
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