List of rulers of Austria

The March of Austria, also known as Marcha Orientalis, was first formed in 976 out of the lands that had once been the March of Pannonia in Carolingian times. The oldest attestation dates back to 996, where the written name "ostarrichi" occurs in a document transferring land in present-day Austria to a Bavarian monastery.

House of Babenberg

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Leopold I the Illustrious (Luitpold der Erlauchte) 976–994		c. 940	Richardis of Sualafeldgau nine children	10 July 994 Würzburg aged about 54
Henry I the Strong (Heinrich der Starke) 994–1018		late 10th century son of Leopold I and Richardis of Sualafeldgau	never married	23 June 1018
Adalbert I the Victorious (Adalbert der Siegreiche) 1018–1055		c. 985 son of Leopold I and Richardis of Sualafeldgau	(1) Glismod of West-Saxony no issue (2)Frozza Orseolo one issue	26 May 1055 Melk aged about 70
Ernest the Brave (Ernst der Tapfere) 1055–1075		c. 1027 son of Adalbert and Frozza Orseolo	(1) Adelaide of Eilenburg 1060 three children (2) Swanhilde of Ungarnmark 1072 no issue	10 June 1075 aged about 48
Leopold II the Fair (Luitpold der Schöne) 1075–1095		c. 1050 son of Ernest and Adelaide of Eilenburg	Ida of Cham 1065 eight children	12 October 1095 aged about 45
Leopold III the Good (Luitpold der Heilige) 1095–1136		c. 1073 Melk son of Leopold II and Ida of Cham	(1) Maria of Perg one son (2) Agnes of Germany 1106 eighteen children	15 November 1136 Vienna aged about 63
Adalbert II the Devout (Adalbert der Andächtige) 1136-1137		c. 1107 son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany	(1) Adelaide of Poland no children (2) Hedwig of Hungary 1132 no children	9 November 1137 Vienna aged about 30
Leopold IV the Generous (Luitpold der Freigiebige) 1137–1141		c. 1108 son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany	Maria of Bohemia 28 September 1138 no issue	18 October 1141 Niederalteich aged about 33
Henry II Jasomirgott (Heinrich Jasomirgott) 1141–1156		c. 1107 son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany	(1) Gertrude of Süpplingenburg 1 May 1142 one daughter (2) Theodora Komnene 1148 three children	13 January 1177 aged about 70

In 1156, the Privilegium Minus elevated the march to a duchy, independent of the Duchy of Bavaria.

House of Babenberg

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Henry II Jasomirgott (Heinrich Jasomirgott) 1156–1177		c. 1107 son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany	(1) Gertrude of Süpplingenburg 1 May 1142 one daughter (2) Theodora Komnene 1148 three children	13 January 1177 aged about 70
Leopold V the Virtuous (Luitpold der Tugendhafte) 1177–1194		c. 1157 son of Henry II and Theodora Komnene	Helena of Hungary 1174 four children	31 December 1194 Graz aged about 37
Frederick I the Catholic (Friedrich der Katholische) 1195–1198		c. 1175 son of Leopold V and Helena of Hungary	never married	16 April 1198 The Holy Land aged about 23
Leopold VI the Glorious (Luitpold der Glorreiche) 1198–1230		c. 1176 son of Leopold V and Helena of Hungary	Theodora Angelina 1203 seven children	28 July 1230 San Germano aged about 54
Frederick II the Quarrelsome (Friedrich der Streitbare) 1230–1246		25 April 1211 Wiener Neustadt son of Leopold VI and Theodora Angelina	(1) Sophia Laskarina no issue (2) Agnes of Merania 1229 no issue	15 June 1246 Leitha aged 35

Interregnum

Ottokar of Bohemia

After Frederick's death, the succession of the Duchy was disputed between various claimants, based in two main rival heiresses:

• Through Margaret of Austria, sister of Frederick II:
  • Henry and Frederick of Hohenstaufen, sons, claimants 1246/50 - c.1252?
  • Ottokar II of Bohemia, second husband, claimant 1251–1278
• Through Gertrude of Austria, niece of Frederick II:
  • Vladislas, Margrave of Moravia, first husband, claimant 1246–1247
  • Herman of Baden, second husband, claimant 1248–1250
  • Roman Danylovich, third husband, claimant 1252-1253
  • Frederick I, Margrave of Baden, son, claimant c.1253–1268

In 1278, Rudolf I, King of Germany, defeated Ottokar and took control of Austria. In 1282 he invested his sons with the Duchies of Austria and Styria, thereby securing it for the House of Habsburg. Austria became one of the territories that remained under Habsburg rule for more than 600 years, forming the core of the Habsburg Monarchy and the present-day country of Austria.

Name	Portrait	Born	Reign	Ruling part	Consort	Death	Notes
Rudolf I		1 May 1218 Breisgau son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg and Hedwig of Kyburg	1278–1282	Duchy of Austria	(1) Gertrude of Hohenberg 1245 9 children (2) Isabella of Burgundy 5 February 1284 no issue	15 July 1291 Speyer aged 73	His election as king of Germany (1273) and conquest of Austria (1278) marked the end of two periods in both countries: in Germany, the Great Interregnum after the death of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II in 1250; and in Austria, the Bohemian occupation that followed the succession crisis of 1246. Abdicated for his sons in 1282.
Albert I		July 1255 Vienna eldest son of Rudolf I and Gertrude of Hohenberg	1282-1308	Duchy of Austria	Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol 20 December 1274 Vienna 12 children	1 May 1308 Windisch aged 52	Co-ruled in Austria with his brother Rudolf II until the latter's abdication in 1283. He was elected as king of Germany in 1298, associating in this same year his eldest son in Austria. Died assassinated by his own son.
Rudolf II the Debonair		July 1270 Rheinfelden third son of Rudolph I and Gertrude of Hohenberg	1282-1283	Duchy of Austria	Agnes of Bohemia March 1289 Prague one son	10 May 1290 Prague aged 20	Co-ruler of his brother.
Rudolf III the Good		c. 1281 Vienna eldest son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol	1298-1307	Duchy of Austria	(1) Blanche of France 25 May 1300 one daughter (2) Elisabeth Richeza of Poland 16 October 1306 no issue	3/4 July 1307 Horažďovice aged 26	Co-ruler with his father. He was elected King of Bohemia in 1306.
Frederick I/III the Fair[1]		c. 1289 Vienna second son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol	1308-1330	Duchy of Austria	Isabella of Aragon 11 May 1315 Ravensburg three children	13 January 1330 Gutenstein aged 41	Co-ruled with his brother Leopold until the latter's death, from whom he then inherited the County of Habsburg. In 1314, he was elected King of the Romans, firstly as rival of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and then accepting co-rulership.
Leopold I the Glorious[2]		4 August 1290 Vienna third son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol	1308-1326	Duchy of Austria	Catherine of Savoy 26 May 1315 Basel two daughters	28 February 1326 Strassburg aged 35	Co-ruler with his brother in Austria and Styria. In spite of being a younger son of Albert, it was him alone who primarily inherited the County of Habsburg, the oldest land of the family.
Albert II the Wise		12 December 1298 Habsburg Castle fourth son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol	1330-1358	Duchy of Austria	Joanna of Pfirt 15 February 1324 Vienna six children	16 August 1358 Vienna aged 59	Co-ruler with his brother Otto, he established the primogeniture law into their domains. He also brought Carinthia and Carniola into Habsburg rule and laid an unsuccessful siege to Zürich.
Otto I the Merry		23 July 1301 Vienna seventh son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol	1330-1339	Duchy of Austria	(1) Elisabeth of Bavaria 15 May 1325 Straubing two sons (2) Anne of Bohemia 16 February 1335 Znaim no issue	17 February 1339 Neuberg an der Mürz aged 37	Co-ruler with his brother Albert, he administered the Swabian Habsburg lands. His minor sons, Frederick (II) and Leopold (II), succeeded him in the co-rulership as titular dukes (1339-1344).
Rudolf IV the Founder		1 November 1339 Vienna eldest son of Albert II the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt	1358-1365	Duchy of Austria	Catherine of Bohemia 13 July 1356 Vienna no issue	27 July 1365 Milan aged 25	After the unchanging of privileges for the Habsburgs in the decree of the Golden Bull in 1356, Rudolf gave order to draw up the "Privilegium Maius", a fake document to empower the Austrian rulers. He was the first to style himself as Archduke, title which was only made official in 1453. Rudolf also brought Tyrol into Habsburg domain.
The Privilegium Maius, fabricated by Rudolf in 1359, attempted to invest the Dukes of Austria with the special position of an "Archduke". This title was frequently used by Ernest the Iron and other Dukes but not recognized by other princes of the Holy Roman Empire until Frederick V became Emperor and confirmed the Privilegium in 1453. After the death of Rudolf in 1365, his brothers Albert and Leopold succeeded him together, but divided their possessions between them in the Treaty of Neuberg of 1379: Albert founded the Albertinian Line, who received the Duchy of Austria, later called Lower Austria (not to be confused with the namesake modern state); Leopold founded the Leopoldinian Line, who received the duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola (group of lands also called Inner Austria), the County of Tyrol and Further Austria.
Albert III the Pigtail		9 September 1349 Vienna third son of Albert II the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt	1365-1379	Duchy of Austria	(1) Elisabeth of Bohemia after 19 March 1366 Vienna no issue (2) Beatrice of Nuremberg 4 March 1375 Vienna one son	29 August 1395 Laxenburg aged 45
			1379-1395	Lower Austria
Leopold III the Just[3]		1 November 1351 Vienna fourth son of Albert II the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt	1365-1379	Duchy of Austria	Viridis Visconti 23 February 1365 Vienna six children	9 July 1386 Sempach aged 34	Lost his life fighting in the Battle of Sempach (1386), a turning point that established the growth of the Swiss Confederacy and the effective decline of Habsburg power in their Swiss homeland.
			1379-1386	Inner Austria, Tyrol and Further Austria
William the Courteous		c. 1370 Vienna eldest son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti	1386-1406	Inner Austria, Tyrol and Further Austria	Joan II of Naples 13 November 1401 Vienna no issue	15 July 1406 Vienna aged 36	Co-ruled with his brother Leopold IV. Also held regency in Lower Austria 1404–1406.
Leopold IV the Fat		c. 1371 Vienna second son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti			Catherine of Burgundy 15 August 1393 Vienna no issue	3 June 1411 Vienna aged 40	Also held regency in Lower Austria 1404–1411. After the partition of 1406, kept Further Austria.
			1406-1411	Further Austria
Albert IV the Patient		19 September 1377 Vienna only son of Albert the Pigtail and Beatrice of Nuremberg	1395-1404	Lower Austria	Joanna Sophia of Bavaria 24 April 1390 Vienna two children	14 September 1404 Klosterneuburg aged 26	His rule was marked by tensions and conflicts with the Leopoldinian line and the Luxemburg dynasty.
Albert V the Magnanimous under joint guardianship of William and Leopold IV (1404–1411)		16 August 1397 Vienna only son of Albert IV and Joanna Sophia of Bavaria	1404-1439	Lower Austria	Elizabeth of Luxembourg 26 April 1422 Vienna three children	27 October 1439 Neszmély aged 42	Succeeded as a minor, under guardianship of his Leopoldinian uncles. He was elected, in 1437–38, as King of Bohemia and King of Hungary, and also as King of Germany, beginning a three centuries long succession of Habsburg rulers as Kings of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperors.
In 1406, ater the death of William, the living brothers of the Leopoldinian Line made a new division of their territories: Leopold kept Further Austria, to be inherited by his brother Frederick after his death; Ernest founded the Elder Leopoldinian Line, who received Inner Austria; Frederick founded the Junior Tyrolean Line, who received the county of Tyrol and then Further Austria.
Ernest the Iron		c. 1377 Bruck an der Mur third son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti	1406-1424	Inner Austria	(1) Margaret of Pomerania 14 January 1392 Bruck an der Mur no issue (2) Cymburgis of Masovia 25 January 1412 Kraków nine children	10 June 1424 Bruck an der Mur aged 47	In 1414, he became the last Duke to be enthroned according to Carantanian traditional rite at the Prince's Stone in Carinthia, and from that time on called himself Archduke. Beside Rudolf IV, he was the only one who used the title before it became official in 1453.
Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets[4]		c. 1382 fourth son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti	1406-1411	Tyrol	(1) Elisabeth of the Palatinate 24 December 1407 Innsbruck one daughter (2) Anna of Brunswick 11 June 1411 Innsbruck four children	24 June 1439 Innsbruck aged 57	Also held regency in Inner Austria 1424–1435. By siding with Antipope John XXIII, the Council of Constance stripped him of the remaining important Swiss possessions of the family, which went to the Swiss Confederacy.
			1411-1439	Tyrol and Further Austria
Vacant 1439–1440
Ladislaus the Posthumous under guardianship of Frederick V (1440–1452)		22 February 1440 Komárom only son of Albert V and Elizabeth of Luxembourg	1440-1453 1453-1457	Lower Austria Archduchy of Lower Austria	Unmarried	23 November 1457 Prague aged 17	Succeeded as a minor, under guardianship of his Ernestine cousin. His death without descendants ended the Albertinian line, and the domains he inherited in Bohemia and Hungary, which were only recovered during the reign of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor.
Sigismund the Rich under guardianship of Frederick V (1439–1446)		26 October 1427 Innsbruck second son of Frederick IV and Anna of Brunswick	1439-1453 1453-1490	Tyrol and Further Austria Archduchy of Further Austria and County of Tyrol	(1) Eleanor of Scotland 12 February 1449 Innsbruck one son (2) Katharina of Saxony 24 February 1484 Innsbruck no issue	4 March 1496 Innsbruck aged 68	In 1490 he abdicated of his territories, giving way for the reunification of Austria.
Frederick V the Peaceful under guardianship of Frederick IV (1424-1435)		21 September 1415 Innsbruck first son of Ernest and Cymburgis of Masovia	1424-1453 1453-1457	Inner Austria Archduchy of Inner Austria	Eleanor of Portugal 16 March 1452 Rome five children	19 August 1493 Linz aged 77	Co-ruled with his brother Albert VI until the latter's death. Between 1440 and 1452 was elected as King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperor. With this dignity, he conceded and made official, in 1453, the Habsburg title of Archduke, elevating officially the Duchy in an Archduchy, which he came to inherit a few years later. In 1490, he reunited all of Austria. His rule, however, wasn't always uncontested: 1485-1490: Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary, occupied the proper Duchies of Austria and Styria, claimed the title Archduke of Austria.
			1457-1490	Archduchies of Lower and Inner Austria
			1490-1493	Archduchy of Austria and Tyrol
Albert VI the Prodigal under guardianship of Frederick IV (1424-1435)		12 September 1418 Vienna third son of Ernest and Cymburgis of Masovia	1424-1453 1453-1457	Inner Austria Archduchy of Inner Austria	Mathilde of the Palatinate 1452 Vienna no issue	2 December 1463 Vienna aged 45	Co-ruled with his brother, but occasionally revolted against him, occupying, until his death, lands known today as Upper Austria and Lower Austria.
			1457-1463	Archduchies of Lower and Inner Austria
Maximilian I the Last Knight		22 March 1459 Wiener Neustadt second son of Frederick V and Eleanor of Portugal	1493-1519	Archduchy of Austria	(1) Mary of Burgundy 18 August 1477 Ghent three children (2) Anne of Brittany 18 December 1490 Rennes no issue (3) Bianca Maria Sforza 16 March 1494 Hall in Tirol no issue	12 January 1519 Wels aged 59	In 1490 his father gave him Further Austria and Tyrol to rule under him, which he eventually reunited when ascended to the Austrian throne. Appointed King of the Romans in 1486 and crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 1508. His first marriage allowed him to extend Habsburg domain over the Low Countries.
Charles I		24 February 1500 Ghent eldest son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile	1519-1521	Archduchy of Austria	Isabella of Portugal 10 March 1526 Seville seven children	21 September 1558 Yuste aged 58	Grandson of his predecessor. Through his mother he gained, in 1516, the recently unified Kingdom of Spain, founding a Spanish branch of the Habsburgs that came to rule until 1700. In 1519,he inherited the Austrian Archduchy, and was the first solely elected (not crowned) King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperor (as Charles V). In 1521, he abdicated from Austria to his brother, but continued to rule behind him until 1556. In this year, Charles abdicated of all his possessions and retired to the Monastery of Yuste.
Ferdinand I under the guardianship of Charles I (1521-1556)		10 March 1503 Alcalá de Henares second son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile	1521-1564	Archduchy of Austria	Anne of Bohemia and Hungary 25 May 1521 Linz fifteen children	25 July 1564 Vienna aged 61	Brother of the predecessor. While Charles I's son Philip II of Spain inherited the "Western" possessions (Low Countries, Spain with ultramarine lands, and Italian states), Ferdinand inherited the rest (Austrian possessions), while gaining the kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia, and came to be elected King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperor in 1556, after his brother's abdication.
In 1564, after Ferdinand I's death, the Archduchy was once more divided between his sons: Maximilian received Austria proper, known then as Lower and Upper Austria; Ferdinand received Tyrol and Further Austria, which after his death with no descendants passed to the elder Austrian line; Charles received Inner Austria (the duchies of Styria, Cartinhia and Carniola).
Maximilian II		31 July 1527 Vienna eldest son of Ferdinand I and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary	1564-1576	Lower and Upper Austria	Maria of Spain 13 September 1548 Valladolid sixteen children	12 October 1576 Regensburg aged 49	Maximilian, as the eldest son, was elected King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperor in 1564, and inherited also the kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia.
Ferdinand II		14 June 1529 Linz second son of Ferdinand I and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary	1564-1595	Further Austria and County of Tyrol	(1) Philippine Welser ca. 1576 four children (2) Anne Juliana Gonzaga 14 May 1582 Innsbruck three daughters	24 January 1595 Innsbruck aged 65	Had descendants, but from his morganatic marriage, making them unsuitable for succession; his lands were eventually inherited by the senior Austrian line.
Charles II[5]		3 June 1540 Vienna fourth son of Ferdinand I and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary	1564-1590	Inner Austria	Maria Anna of Bavaria 26 August 1571 Vienna fifteen children	10 July 1590 Graz aged 50	Unlike his brother Maximilian, Charles was Catholic and promoted the Counter-Reformation in his domains.
Rudolf V		18 July 1552 Vienna second son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain	1576-1608	Lower and Upper Austria	Unmarried	20 January 1612 Prague aged 59	Also Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia and Hungary. Rudolf is seen as an ineffectual ruler whose mistakes led directly to the Thirty Years' War; as a great and influential patron of Northern Mannerist art; and an intellectual devotee of occult arts and learning which helped seed what would be called the scientific revolution.
Matthias		24 February 1557 Vienna fourth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain	1595-1608	Further Austria and County of Tyrol	Anna of Tyrol 4 December 1611 Vienna no issue	20 March 1619 Vienna aged 62	Also Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia and Hungary.
			1608-1612 1612-1618 1618-1619	Further Austria,County of Tyrol and Lower and Upper Austria Lower and Upper Austria and County of Tyrol Further Austria, County of Tyrol and Lower and Upper Austria
Maximilian III		12 October 1558 Vienna sixth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain	1612-1618	Further Austria	Unmarried	2 November 1618 Vienna aged 60	In 1587 stood as a candidate to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He also held regency of the Lower and Upper Austria 1593–1595.
Albert VII		13 November 1559 Wiener Neustadt fifth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain	1619	Lower and Upper Austria	Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain 18 April 1599 Valencia no children	13 July 1621 Brussels aged 61	Also Viceroy of Portugal under Philip II of Spain, and ruler of the Low Countries (1598-1621). Ruled a few months as Archduke, before abdicating. By this he made possible a new reunion of Austria.
In 1619, Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (Ferdinand III of Austria) reunited the Archduchy, but, as consequence of the Thirty Years' War, he felt the need to divide the land once more: Ferdinand kept Lower and Inner Austria; Leopold, Ferdinand's brother, received Upper Austria (with Further Austria and Tyrol).
Ferdinand III under regency of Ernest of Austria (1590–1593) of Maximilian III (1593–1595)		9 July 1578 Graz second son of Charles II and Maria Anna of Bavaria	1590-1619	Inner Austria	(1) Maria Anna of Bavaria 23 April 1600 Graz seven children (2) Eleonor Gonzaga 2 February 1622 Innsbruck no issue	15 February 1637 Vienna aged 58	Also Holy Roman Emperor (1619-1637), and King of Hungary and Bohemia. In 1619 he reunited Austria, but divided it again.
			1619-1623	Archduchy of Austria
			1623-1637	Lower Austria and Inner Austria
Leopold V		9 October 1586 Graz fifth son of Charles II and Maria Anna of Bavaria	1623-1632	Upper Austria	Claudia de' Medici 19 April 1626 Innsbruck five children	13 September 1632 Schwaz aged 45	When he was chosen as Archduke regnant, he abdicated his ecclesiasical status (held the Bishoprics of Passau and Strasbourg) to get married and have children.
Ferdinand Charles under regency of Claudia de' Medici (1632-1646)		17 May 1628 Innsbruck eldest son of Leopold V and Claudia de' Medici	1632-1662	Upper Austria	Anna de' Medici 10 June 1646 Innsbruck two daughters	30 December 1662 Kaltern aged 34
Ferdinand IV		13 July 1608 Graz third son of Ferdinand III and Maria Anna of Bavaria	1637-1657	Lower Austria and Inner Austria	(1) Maria Anna of Spain 20 February 1631 Vienna six children (2) Maria Leopoldine of Austria 2 July 1648 Linz one son (3) Eleonora Gonzaga 30 April 1651 Wiener Neustadt four children	2 April 1657 Vienna aged 48	Also Holy Roman Emperor (1637-1657), and King of Hungary and Bohemia.
Sigismund Francis		27 November 1630 Innsbruck second son of Leopold V and Claudia de' Medici	1662-1665	Upper Austria	Hedwig of the Palatinate-Sulzbach 13 June 1665 Sulzbach no issue	25 June 1665 Innsbruck aged 34	Brother of the predecessor. After his death, his territories reverted to the elder line.
Leopold VI		9 June 1640 Vienna fourth son of Ferdinand IV and Maria Anna of Spain	1657-1665	Lower Austria and Inner Austria	(1) Margaret Theresa of Spain 12 December 1666 Vienna four children (2) Claudia Felicitas of Austria 15 October 1673 Graz two daughters (3) Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg 14 December 1676 Passau eleven children	5 May 1705 Vienna aged 64	Also Holy Roman Emperor, and King of Bohemia and Hungary. In 1665, he unified Austria once more.
			1665-1705	Archduchy of Austria
Joseph I		26 July 1678 Vienna eldest son of Leopold VI and Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg	1705-1711	Archduchy of Austria	Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick 10 June 1646 Vienna three children	17 April 1711 Vienna aged 32	Also Holy Roman Emperor, and King of Bohemia and Hungary.
Charles III		1 October 1685 Vienna second son of Leopold VI and Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg	1711-1740	Archduchy of Austria	Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 1 August 1708 Santa Maria del Mar, Barcelona five children	20 October 1740 Vienna aged 55	Also Holy Roman Emperor, and King of Bohemia and Hungary. In 1700, he claimed the Kingdom of Spain in the War of Spanish Succession (1700-1713).
Maria Theresa with Francis I Stephen (1740–1765) Joseph II (1765–1780)		13 May 1717 Hofburg Imperial Palace eldest daughter of Charles III and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel	1740-1780	Archduchy of Austria	12 February 1736 Vienna Sixteen Children	29 November 1780 Hofburg Imperial Palace aged 63	Also Queen of Bohemia and Hungary.
Francis I Stephen with Maria Theresa (1740–1765)		8 December 1708 Nancy fourth son of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine and Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans	1740-1765	Archduchy of Austria		18 August 1765 Innsbruck aged 56	Also Holy Roman Emperor (1740-1765). Exchanged his original Duchy of Lorraine for the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1737).

House of Habsburg-Lorraine

The Austrian agnatic branch ended in 1780 with the death of Maria Theresa of Austria and was replaced by a combination of the Austrian cognatic branch of the Habsburgs and the Vaudemont branch of the House of Lorraine in the person of her son Joseph II. The new successor house styled itself as Habsburg-Lorraine (Habsburg-Lothringen). All Habsburgs living today are in the agnatic descendants of Maria Theresa and Francis Stephen.

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Joseph II 1765–1790 with Maria Theresa (1765–1780)		13 March 1741 Vienna eldest son of Francis I Stephen and Maria Theresa	(1) Isabella of Parma 6 October 1760 Vienna two daughters (2) Maria Josepha of Bavaria 23 January 1765 Schönbrunn no issue	20 February 1790 Vienna aged 48
Leopold VII 1790–1792		5 May 1747 Vienna third son of Francis I and Maria Theresa	Maria Luisa of Spain 16 February 1764 Innsbruck sixteen children	1 March 1792 Vienna aged 44
Francis II 1792–1804		12 February 1768 Florence eldest son of Leopold VII and Maria Luisa of Spain	(1) Elisabeth of Württemberg 6 January 1788 Vienna one daughter (2) Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily 15 September 1790 Vienna 12 children (3) Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este 6 January 1808 Vienna no issue (4) Caroline Augusta of Bavaria 29 October 1816 Vienna no issue	2 March 1835 Vienna aged 67

In 1804 Francis I adopted the new title Emperor of Austria, but kept the title of Archduke of Austria. In 1806 the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved.

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Francis I 11 August 1804 – 2 March 1835		12 February 1768 Florence eldest son of Leopold VII and Maria Luisa of Spain	(1) Elisabeth of Württemberg 6 January 1788 Vienna one daughter (2) Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily 15 September 1790 Vienna 12 children (3) Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este 6 January 1808 Vienna no issue (4) Caroline Augusta of Bavaria 29 October 1816 Vienna no issue	2 March 1835 Vienna aged 67
Ferdinand I 2 March 1835 – 2 December 1848		19 April 1793 Vienna eldest son of Francis II and Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily	Maria Anna of Savoy 27 February 1831 Vienna no issue	29 June 1875 Prague aged 82
Francis Joseph I 2 December 1848 – 21 November 1916		18 August 1830 Schönbrunn Palace eldest son of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Princess Sophie of Bavaria	Elisabeth of Bavaria 24 April 1854 Augustinerkirche four children	21 November 1916 Schönbrunn Palace aged 86
Charles I 21 November 1916 – 11 November 1918		17 August 1887 Persenbeug-Gottsdorf eldest son of Archduke Otto Francis of Austria and Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony	Zita of Bourbon-Parma 21 October 1911 Schwarzau Castle eight children	1 April 1922 Madeira aged 34

In 1918, following the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the Republic of Austria was established, but ended with "Anschluß" into the Third Reich from 1938 to 1945. Following World War II, the current Republic of Austria was established in 1945, even though Austria remained under the control and protection of Allied and Soviet Forces between 1945 and 1955.

The current head of state is the President of Austria; however, in practice, the Chancellor of Austria is more important. Every law still needs to be signed by the President however.

Otto von Habsburg (1912–2011), son of Charles I, was the head of the Habsburg house from 1922, but never reigned. In 2007 he handed the headship to his oldest son Karl von Habsburg who was first in the line of succession. He is the current head of the imperial family.

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