List of state leaders in 1649

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1649.

Africa

Kingdom of Dahomey – Houegbadja (1645–1685)
Ethiopian Empire – Fasilides (1632–1667)
Emirate of Harar – `Ali ibn Da`ud (1647–1671)

Asia

Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam) – Prasat Thong (1629–1656)
China
- Qing dynasty – Shunzhi Emperor (1644–1661)
- Southern Ming –
  - Prince of Lu (1645–1653)
  - Prince of Gui (1646–1662)
Kingdom of Coorg - Muddu Raja I (1633-1687)
Empire of Japan –
- Monarch – Go-Kōmyō (1643–1654)
- Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Iemitsu (1623–1651)
- Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Shitsu (1648–1668)
Joseon (Korea) –
1. Injo (1623–1649)
2. Hyojong (1649–1659)
Mughal Empire – Shah Jahan (1627–1658).

Europe

Kingdom of Denmark–Norway – Frederick III (1648–1670)
Kingdom of England
1. Charles I (1625–1649),
2. Oliver Cromwell - Lord Protector (1649–1658), Rump Parliament (1649–1653)
Kingdom of France – Louis XIV (1643–1715)
- Principality of Catalonia – Louis II (1643–1652)
Holy Roman Empire – Ferdinand III (1637–1657)
- Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel – Augustus (1635–1666)
Moldavia – Vasile Lupu, Voivode of Moldavia (1634–1653).
Ottoman (Turkish) Empire – Mehmed IV, the Hunter, Ottoman Sultan (1648–1687)
Papal States – Pope Innocent X (1644–1655).
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Jan II Kazimierz Vasa (1648–1668)
Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves – John IV (1640–1656)
Republic of Venice – Francesco Molino, Doge of Venice (1646–1655).
Tsardom of Russia – Alexis (1645–1676)
Duchy of Savoy – Charles Emmanuel II (1638–1675)
Kingdom of Scotland – Charles I (1625–1649)
Kingdom of Spain – Philip IV (1621–1665)
Kingdom of Sweden – Christina (1632–1654)
Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Ferdinando II de' Medici (1621–1670)
United Provinces
- Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
- Stadtholder - William II, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1647–1650)
  - Willem Frederik, Stadtholder of Friesland and Groningen(1640–1664).
  - Holland – Grand Pensionary Jacob Cats (1629–1631, 1636–1651)
Wallachia – Matei Basarab, Voivode of Wallachia (1632–1654).

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