List of white dwarfs

This is a list of exceptional white dwarfs.

Firsts

These were the first white dwarfs discovered fitting these conditions

Title Star Date Data Comments Notes Refs
First discovered Sirius B 1852 Sirius system Sirius B is also the nearest white dwarf (as of 2005) [1][2]
First found in a binary star system
First double white dwarf system LDS 275 1944 L 462-56 system [3]
First solitary white dwarf
First white dwarf in a planetary system
First white dwarf with a planet WD B1620−26 2003 PSR B1620-26 b (planet) This planet is a circumbinary planet, which circles both stars in the PSR B1620-26 system [4][5]
First white dwarf with an orbiting planet WD 1145+017 2015 WD 1145+017 b Planet is extremely small and is disintegrating.
First white dwarf that is a pulsar AR Scorpii A 2016 The star is in a binary system with a red dwarf [6]

Extremes

These are the white dwarfs which are currently known to fit these conditions

Title Star Date Data Comments Notes Refs
Nearest Sirius B 1852 8.6 ly (2.6 pc) Sirius B is also the first white dwarf discovered.
See also: § Nearest
 [1][2]
Farthest SN UDS10Wil progenitor 2013 10,500,000,000Ly z=1.914 SN Wilson is a type-Ia supernova whose progenitor was a white dwarf [7][8][9]
Farthest extant
Oldest WD 0346+246
SDSS J110217.48+411315.4		 2012 12 Gy (tied)
Youngest SDSS J0003+0718 2011 ~13 My provisional estimate
Highest surface temperature RX J0439.8−6809 2015 250,000 K (250,000 °C; 450,000 °F) This star is located in the Milky Way's galactic halo, in the field of the Large Magellanic Cloud [10][11]
Lowest surface temperature PSR J2222-0137 B 2014 3,000 K (2,700 C°, 4,892 F°) [12]
Most luminous
Least luminous PSR J2222-0137 B 2014 too dim to observe
Brightest apparent Sirius B 1852 8.44 (V)
Dimmest apparent PSR J2222-0137 B 2014 too dim to observe
Most massive RE J0317-853 1998 1.35 M☉
Least massive SDSS J091709.55+463821.8 2007 0.17 M☉
Largest Z Andromedae B 0.265±0.095 R☉
Smallest RE J0317-853 2010 0.0035±0.000575 R☉

Nearest
10 nearest white dwarfs
Star Distance Comments Notes Refs
Sirius B 8.58 ly (2.63 pc) Sirius B is also the first white dwarf discovered. It is part of the Sirius system. [1][2][13][14]
Procyon B 11.43 ly (3.50 pc) Part of Procyon system [13][14]
van Maanen's Star 14.04 ly (4.30 pc) [13][14]
GJ 440 15.09 ly (4.63 pc) [13]
40 Eridani B 16.25 ly (4.98 pc) Part of 40 Eridani system [13][14]
Stein 2051 B 18.06 ly (5.54 pc) Part of Stein 2051 system [13][14]
LP 44-113 20.0 ly (6.1 pc) [14]
G 99-44 20.9 ly (6.4 pc) [14]
L 97-12 25.8 ly (7.9 pc) [14]
Wolf 489 26.7 ly (8.2 pc) [14]
Timeline of nearest white dwarf recordholders
Star Date Distance Comments Notes Refs
Sirius B 1852— 8.6 ly (2.6 pc) Sirius B is also the first white dwarf discovered [1][2]

Notes
  • SDSS J1228+1040, A white dwarf with disk of debris.

    References
    1. Atlas of the Universe, "The Universe within 12.5 Light Years: The Nearest Stars", Richard Powell, 30 July 2006 (accessed 2010-11-01)
    2. BBC News, "Hubble finds mass of white dwarf", Christine McGourty, 14 December 2005 (accessed 2010-11-01)
    3. W. J. Luyten (September 1944). "Note on the Double White Dwarf L 462-56 = LDS 275". Astrophysical Journal. 100: 202. Bibcode:1944ApJ...100..202L. doi:10.1086/144658.
    4. Steinn Sigurdsson; Harvey B. Richer; Brad M. Hansen; Ingrid H. Stairs; Stephen E. Thorsett (July 2003). "A Young White Dwarf Companion to Pulsar B1620-26: Evidence for Early Planet Formation". Science. 301 (5630): 193–196. arXiv:astro-ph/0307339. Bibcode:2003Sci...301..193S. doi:10.1126/science.1086326. PMID 12855802.
    5. "Looking for planets around white dwarfs". Professor Astronomy. 20 August 2010.
    6. Hambsch, Franz-Josef. "Amateurs Help Discover Pulsing White Dwarf". Sky and Telescope.
    7. Jason Major (5 April 2013). "Hubble Spots the Most Distant Supernova Ever". Discovery Channel.
    8. "CANDELS Finds the Most Distant Type Ia Supernova Yet Observed". Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). 23 April 2013.
    9. David O. Jones; Steven A. Rodney; Adam G. Riess; Bahram Mobasher; Tomas Dahlen; Curtis McCully; Teddy F. Frederiksen; Stefano Casertano; Jens Hjorth; Charles R. Keeton; Anton Koekemoer; Louis-Gregory Strolger; Tommy G. Wiklind; Peter Challis; Or Graur; Brian Hayden; Brandon Patel; Benjamin J. Weiner; Alexei V. Filippenko; Peter Garnavich; Saurabh W. Jha; Robert P. Kirshner; Henry C. Ferguson; Norman A. Grogin; Dale Kocevski (2 April 2013). "The Discovery of the Most Distant Known Type Ia Supernova at Redshift 1.914". The Astrophysical Journal (published May 2013). 768 (2): 166. arXiv:1304.0768. Bibcode:2013ApJ...768..166J. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/166. 166.
    10. Universitaet Tübingen (24 November 2015). "The hottest white dwarf in the Galaxy". Science Daily.
    11. K. Werner; T. Rauch (29 September 2015). "Analysis of HST/COS spectra of the bare C–O stellar core H1504+65 and a high-velocity twin in the Galactic halo". Astronomy and Astrophysics (published December 2015). 584: A19. arXiv:1509.08942. Bibcode:2015A&A...584A..19W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527261. A19.
    12. Kaplan, David L.; Boyles, Jason; Dunlap, Bart H.; Tendulkar, Shriharsh P.; Deller, Adam T.; Ransom, Scott M.; McLaughlin, Maura A.; Lorimer, Duncan R.; Stairs, Ingrid H. (2014-07-01). "A 1.05 M ☉ Companion to PSR J2222-0137: The Coolest Known White Dwarf?". The Astrophysical Journal. 789: 119. arXiv:1406.0488. Bibcode:2014ApJ...789..119K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/789/2/119. ISSN 0004-637X.
    13. David Taylor (2012). "White Dwarf Stars Near The Earth" (PDF). The Life and Death of Stars. Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences - Northwestern University.
    14. "White dwarfs within 10 parsecs". Sol Station. 2011.

    See also


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