Macrozamia

Macrozamia is a genus of around forty species of cycads, family Zamiaceae, all of which are endemic to Australia. Many parts of the plant have been utilised for food and material, most of which is toxic if not processed correctly.

Burrawang
Macrozamia communis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Cycadophyta
Class: Cycadopsida
Order: Cycadales
Family: Zamiaceae
Subfamily: Encephalartoideae
Tribe: Encephalarteae
Subtribe: Macrozamiinae
Genus: Macrozamia
Miq.

Description

A genus of cycads with partially submerged bole or tree, small to medium height, bearing a crown of palm-like fronds. The dioecious plants bear large cones, becoming even larger when ripening on the female, containing reproductive parts of great size.

Distribution

The greatest diversity of species occurs in eastern Australia, in southeast Queensland and New South Wales, with one species in the Macdonnell Ranges of Northern Territory and three in the southwest region of Australia.[1][2]

Taxonomy
Macrozamia fraseri cone
MacDonnell Ranges cycad (Macrozamia macdonnellii) in Cycad Gorge, Finke Gorge National Park, NT

The first description of the genus was published in 1842 by Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel in his Monographia Cycadearum, without designating a type.[3]

The common name "burrawang",[4] originally referring to M. communis in the Daruk Australian Aboriginal language, is often used for all the species in the genus. Informal names published in state listing for the genus include 'rickets' (Bailey, 1931) in Queensland, a name also used in Western Australia for the symptoms of ingestion of species by cattle, and terms zamia, zamia palm, burrawang palm (Ross, 1989) and djeeri (Hopper, 2014) continued to be noted by New South Wales, QLD and W.A. authors in specific and generic usages.[5][6]

Species
  1. Macrozamia cardiacensis – southeast Queensland
  2. Macrozamia communis – east coast of New South Wales
  3. Macrozamia concinna – New South Wales
  4. Macrozamia conferta – southeast Queensland
  5. Macrozamia cranei – southeast Queensland
  6. Macrozamia crassifolia – southeast Queensland
  7. Macrozamia denisonii – southeast Queensland
  8. Macrozamia diplomera – New South Wales
  9. Macrozamia douglasii – southeast Queensland
  10. Macrozamia dyeri – southern coast of Western Australia
  11. Macrozamia elegans – New South Wales
  12. Macrozamia fawcettii – New South Wales
  13. Macrozamia fearnsidei – southeast Queensland
  14. Macrozamia flexuosa – New South Wales
  15. Macrozamia fraseri – southwestern Western Australia
  16. Macrozamia glaucophylla – New South Wales
  17. Macrozamia heteromera – New South Wales
  18. Macrozamia humilis – New South Wales
  19. Macrozamia johnsonii – New South Wales
  20. Macrozamia lomandroides – southeast Queensland
  21. Macrozamia longispina – southeast Queensland
  22. Macrozamia lucida – southeast Queensland
  23. Macrozamia macdonnellii – Macdonnell Ranges, Northern Territory
  24. Macrozamia machinii – Queensland
  25. Macrozamia macleayi – Queensland
  26. Macrozamia miquelii – southeast and central Queensland
  27. Macrozamia montana – New South Wales
  28. Macrozamia moorei – southeast and central Queensland
  29. Macrozamia mountperriensis – southeast Queensland
  30. Macrozamia occidua – southeast Queensland
  31. Macrozamia parcifolia – southeast Queensland
  32. Macrozamia pauli-guilielmi – southeast Queensland, northeast New South Wales
  33. Macrozamia platyrhachis – southeast Queensland
  34. Macrozamia plurinervia – southeast Queensland, northeast New South Wales
  35. Macrozamia polymorpha – New South Wales
  36. Macrozamia reducta – New South Wales
  37. Macrozamia riedlei – southwestern Western Australia
  38. Macrozamia secunda – New South Wales
  39. Macrozamia serpentina – southeast Queensland
  40. Macrozamia spiralis – New South Wales
  41. Macrozamia stenomera – New South Wales
  42. Macrozamia viridis – southeast Queensland

References
  1. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. Orchard, A.E. & McCarthy, P.M. (eds.) (1998). Flora of Australia 48: 1-766. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  3. "Macrozamia Miq". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
  4. APNI, citing Johnson, L.A.S. (1961), Zamiaceae. Flora of New South Wales 1: 23-41
  5. Hopper, S.; Lambers, H. (2014), "9. Human relationships with and use of Kwongan plants and lands", in Lambers, Hans (ed.), Plant life on the sandplains in southwest Australia : a global biodiversity hotspot : kwongan matters, Crawley, Western Australia UWA Publishing, pp. 287–90, ISBN 978-1-74258-564-2
  6. APNI cite: Bailey, F.M. (1913), Comprehensive Catalogue of Queensland Plants: 513
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