Malek Jaziri

Malek Jaziri (Arabic: مالك الجزيري, romanized: Mālik al-Jazīrī; born January 20, 1984) is a professional Tunisian tennis player. He reached the final of Istanbul in 2018, the semifinals of Moscow in 2012, Winston-Salem in 2015, Dubai in 2018 and the quarterfinals of Dubai in 2014.

Malek Jaziri
مالك الجزيري
Jaziri at the 2019 French Open
Country (sports) Tunisia
ResidenceTunis, Tunisia
Born (1984-01-20) January 20, 1984
Bizerte, Tunisia
Height1.85 m (6 ft 1 in)
Turned pro2003
PlaysRight-handed (two-handed backhand) *occasionally uses one-handed backhand
CoachChristophe Freyss
Prize moneyUS$ 3,880,276
Singles
Career record97–132 (42.4% in ATP World Tour and Grand Slam main draw matches, and in Davis Cup)
Career titles0
Highest rankingNo. 42 (7 January 2019)
Current rankingNo. 253 (18 january 2021)[1]
Grand Slam Singles results
Australian Open3R (2015, 2017)
French Open2R (2012, 2016, 2018)
Wimbledon2R (2012)
US Open2R (2011, 2017)
Other tournaments
Olympic Games2R (2012)
Doubles
Career record28–54 (34.1% in ATP World Tour and Grand Slam main draw matches, and in Davis Cup)
Career titles0
Highest rankingNo. 73 (12 August 2019)
Current rankingNo. 311 (18 january 2021)
Grand Slam Doubles results
Australian Open3R (2019)
French Open2R (2017)
Wimbledon2R (2015, 2016)
US OpenSF (2018)
Last updated on: 18 January 2021.

Career overview

Jaziri reached his highest individual ranking on the ATP Tour of world no. 42 in January 2019. He appeared in the qualifying draw at the 2010 Australian Open, losing in the first round to Michał Przysiężny of Poland. He primarily plays on the Futures circuit and the Challenger circuit. Jaziri qualified for the 2011 US Open, defeating Brian Dabul, Michael Ryderstedt, and Guillaume Rufin in the qualifying draw. This was the first time Jaziri played in the main draw of a Grand Slam tournament. In the first round, Jaziri defeated world no. 159 Thiemo de Bakker in four sets. Jaziri lost to world no. 8 Mardy Fish in the second round. Jaziri has been coached by Tunisian legend Haythem Abid on and off throughout his career.

In 2012, he kicked off his year at the ATP 250 event in Doha and pushed world no. 6 Jo-Wilfried Tsonga to three sets in the first round. He fell in the first round of qualifying at the Australian Open to Tim Smyczek. He then reached three Challenger finals in Quimper, Kyoto, and Pingguo to break into the top 100 for the first time.

In his clay season, he made the semifinals in the Barletta Challenger and played his first Roland Garros main draw, winning his first-round match over German Philipp Petzschner before losing a tight second-round match to Spaniard Marcel Granollers, missing two match points.

On grass, he reached the second round in his Wimbledon debut (lost to Kohlschreiber) and also the second round at the London Olympics (lost to John Isner).

He lost in the US Open first round, but later had his best result on the ATP World Tour when he reached the semifinals of the Kremlin Cup in Moscow (lost to eventual champion Andreas Seppi) to become the first Tunisian male to reach the semifinals of an ATP event.

In 2013, Jaziri started off the year in Dubai, where he faced 17-time Grand Slam champion, Roger Federer and lost in three tight sets.

Jaziri started off 2015 making his first appearance at the Australian Open main draw, and beating Kazakhstan's Mikhail Kukushkin and France's Edouard Roger-Vasselin, making him the first Arab male tennis player to make it to the third round of a Grand Slam in over a decade. Jaziri then lost in the third round to Australian teen Nick Kyrgios.

Jaziri has been a member of the Tunisia Davis Cup team since 2000, posting an 33–15 record in singles and a 10–14 record in doubles in 41 ties.

2018

In 2018 he played against Gilles Müller at the Australian Open. At Dubai Tennis Championships, Jaziri stunned top seed and then world no. 4 Grigor Dimitrov to register his first win against a top-10 player.[2] Jaziri made his first ATP final at the 2018 Istanbul Open, where he plays Japanese-American Taro Daniel, also in his maiden final.

Controversies

2013

Jaziri was embroiled in a controversial political incident, in which he withdrew from a tournament rather than play an Israeli player.[3] In the October 2013 Tashkent Challenger, tournament in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, he was slated to play Israeli Amir Weintraub in the quarterfinals.[4] But the Tunisian tennis federation ordered Jaziri by email to withdraw from the match, and he did so.[4][3]

Weintraub said that Jaziri is "a good friend," and that "he really wanted to play."[4] Israel Tennis Association CEO Shlomo Glickstein said: "It is sad to me that these kinds of things still happen. I feel bad for the athletes who find themselves embroiled in such situations, which end up hurting their careers.”[4]

Jaziri was cleared of wrongdoing by the ATP, but the International Tennis Federation (ITF) found that the Tunisian Tennis Federation breached the ITF constitution by ordering him not to compete. The organization barred Tunisia from competing in the 2014 Davis Cup.[5] ITF president Francesco Ricci Bitti said: "There is no room for prejudice of any kind in sport or in society. The ITF Board decided to send a strong message to the Tunisian Tennis Federation that this kind of action will not be tolerated by any of our members."[5]

2015

In February 2015, Jaziri was again embroiled in a controversial political incident when he withdrew from a tournament before facing Israeli players.[6][7] He withdrew from both the singles and doubles events at the Open Sud de France, citing an elbow injury, after winning his first set in his singles match against Denis Istomin of Uzbekistan.[6] Had Jaziri won, he would have been scheduled to face Israeli Dudi Sela in the next round. In the doubles event, he and Spanish partner Marc López would have faced Israeli opponent Jonathan Erlich and František Čermák of the Czech Republic in the quarterfinals.[6]

The ATP said that they had confirmed with on-site medical staff that Jaziri's elbow injury was genuine, but opened an inquiry, stating: "Given a previous incident involving the player's national federation in 2013, we are looking into any wider circumstances of his withdrawal as a matter of prudence."[6] On February 10, the ATP closed its investigation after extensive discussions with Jaziri and medical staff, saying it was satisfied that Jaziri had a legitimate medical reason to retire from the event.[8]

ATP career finals

Singles: 1 (1 runner-up)

Legend
Grand Slam tournaments (0–0)
ATP World Tour Finals (0–0)
ATP World Tour Masters 1000 (0–0)
ATP World Tour 500 Series (0–0)
ATP World Tour 250 Series (0–1)
Finals by surface
Hard (0–0)
Clay (0–1)
Grass (0–0)
Result W–L    Date    Tournament Tier Surface Opponent Score
Loss 0–1 May 2018 Istanbul Open, Turkey 250 Series Clay Taro Daniel 6–7(4–7), 4–6

Future and Challenger finals

Singles: 35 (17–18)

Legend (Singles)
ATP Challenger Tour (8–6)
ITF Futures Tour (9–12)
Titles by Surface
Hard (13–9)
Clay (3–8)
Grass (1–0)
Carpet (0–1)
Result W–L    Date    Tournament Tier Surface Opponent Score
Loss 0–1 Jun 2004 Tunisia F2, Tunis Futures Clay Dimitri Lorin 6–0, 0–6, 6–7(3–7)
Loss 0–2 Nov 2004 Tunisia F4, Sfax Futures Hard Ilija Bozoljac 5–7, 6–3, 5–7
Loss 0–3 May 2005 Italy F13, Grottaglie Futures Clay Andrey Golubev 3–6, 6–7(3–7)
Win 1–3 Jun 2005 Tunisia F3, Nabeul Futures Clay Petar Popović 1–6, 6–2, 6–3
Loss 1–4 Aug 2005 Iran F1, Tehran Futures Clay Philipp Müllner 3–6, 6–7(5–7)
Loss 1–5 Aug 2005 Iran F2, Tehran Futures Clay Benjamin Balleret 4–6, 0–3 RET
Loss 1–6 Feb 2006 France F2, Feucherolles Futures Hard (i) Slimane Saoudi 7–5, 6–7(6–8), 3–6
Win 2–6 Dec 2006 Tunisia F7, Mégrine Futures Hard Blaž Kavčič 4–6, 6–1, 6–4
Loss 2–7 May 2009 Kuwait F1, Meshref Futures Hard Mohammad Ghareeb 4–6, 4–6
Loss 2–8 May 2009 Kuwait F2, Meshref Futures Hard Mohammad Ghareeb 3–6, 6–7(3–7)
Loss 2–9 Jun 2009 Tunisia F1, Hammamet Futures Clay Reda El Amrani 0–6, 3–6
Win 3–9 Jun 2009 Tunisia F3, Kelibia Futures Hard Mohamed Haythem Abid 7–6(7–3), 5–7, 7–6(7–5)
Win 4–9 Jul 2009 Georgia F2, Tbilisi Futures Clay David Savić 4–6, 6–4, 6–4
Loss 4–10 Mar 2010 Italy F2, Rome Futures Clay Andreas Haider-Maurer 3–6, 5–7
Loss 4–11 Jun 2010 Tunisia F1, Tunis Futures Clay Sergio Gutiérrez Ferrol 4–6, 2–6
Win 5–11 Jun 2010 Tunisia F2, Sfax Futures Hard Laurent Rochette 6–4, 6–3
Win 6–11 Oct 2010 Spain F36, Córdoba Futures Hard Pablo Carreño Busta 6–4, 5–7, 6–4
Loss 6–12 Feb 2011 Colombia F1, Cartagena Futures Hard Gastão Elias 3–6, 3–6
Win 7–12 May 2011 Great Britain F7, Newcastle Futures Clay Yannick Mertens 6–3, 6–4
Win 8–12 Jul 2011 Great Britain F8, Manchester Futures Grass Rudy Coco 7–6(7–3), 4–6, 6–2
Win 9–12 Aug 2011 Kazakhstan F4, Almaty Futures Hard Denys Molchanov 6–3, 6–2
Loss 9–13 Aug 2011 Samarkand, Uzbekistan Challenger Clay Denis Istomin 6–7(2–7), 0–0 RET
Win 10–13 Nov 2011 Geneva, Switzerland Challenger Hard (i) Mischa Zverev 4–6, 6–3, 6–3
Loss 10–14 Feb 2012 Quimper, France Challenger Hard (i) Igor Sijsling 3–6, 4–6
Loss 10–15 Mar 2012 Kyoto, Japan Challenger Carpet (i) Tatsuma Ito 7–6(7–5), 1–6, 2–6
Loss 10–16 Mar 2012 Pingguo, China Challenger Hard Go Soeda 1–6, 6–3, 5–7
Win 11–16 Nov 2013 Geneva, Switzerland Challenger Hard Jan-Lennard Struff 6–4, 6–3
Loss 11–17 Feb 2014 Dallas, United States Challenger Hard (i) Steve Johnson 4–6, 4–6
Loss 11–18 Sep 2014 İzmir, Turkey Challenger Hard Borna Ćorić 1–6, 7–6(9–7), 4–6
Win 12–18 Oct 2015 Rennes, France Challenger Hard (i) Igor Sijsling 5–7, 7–5, 6–4
Win 13–18 Mar 2016 Guadalajara, Mexico Challenger Hard Stéphane Robert 5–7, 6–3, 7–6(7–5)
Win 14–18 Apr 2016 Le Gosier, Guadeloupe Challenger Hard Stefan Kozlov 6–2, 6–4
Win 15–18 Sep 2016 Istanbul, Turkey Challenger Hard Dudi Sela 1–6, 6–1, 6–0
Win 16–18 Sep 2017 Istanbul, Turkey Challenger Hard Matteo Berrettini 7–6(7–4), 0–6, 7–5
Win 17–18 Mar 2018 Qujing, China Challenger Hard Blaž Rola 7–6(7–5), 6–1

Doubles 17 (11–6)

Legend (Doubles)
ATP Challenger Tour (2–3)
ITF Futures Tour (9–3)
Titles by Surface
Hard (6–3)
Clay (5–2)
Grass (0–1)
Carpet (0–0)
Result W–L    Date    Tournament Tier Surface Partner Opponents Score
Win 1–0 Feb 2003 Nigeria F1, Benin City Futures Hard Walid Jallali Andrew Anderson
Willem-Petrus Meyer
3–6, 6–4 RET
Win 2–0 May 2003 Morocco F1, Agadir Futures Clay Walid Jallali Julien Couly
Sunil-Kumar Sipaeya
7–6(7–5), 6–2
Win 3–0 Feb 2004 France F3, Bressuire Futures Hard (i) Issam Jellali Eric Butorac
Petar Popović
6–1, 7–6(7–5)
Win 4–0 Dec 2004 Tunisia F6, Mégrine Futures Hard Mohamed Haythem Abid Boštjan Ošabnik
Grega Žemlja
7–6(7–3), 6–3
Win 5–0 Jun 2005 Tunisia F1, Tunis Futures Clay Mohamed Haythem Abid Colin Fleming
Alexander Satschko
6–4, 6–2
Loss 5–1 Jun 2005 Tunisia F2, Hammamet Futures Clay Mohamed Haythem Abid Wael Kilani
Fares Zaier
2–6, 6–4, 5–7
Win 6–1 Jun 2008 Tunisia F1, Sousse Futures Clay Walid Jallali Frédéric de Fays
Germain Gigounon
5–7, 7–6(7–4), [15–13]
Win 7–1 Sep 2008 France F15, Plaisir Futures Hard (i) Rabie Chaki Thomas Oger
Alexandre Penaud
6–4, 7–6(7–2)
Win 8–1 Feb 2009 Morocco F2, Rabat Futures Clay Lamine Ouahab Omar Erramy
Younès Rachidi
6–1, 6–3
Loss 8–2 Feb 2010 Morocco F2, Rabat Futures Clay Lamine Ouahab David Savić
Denis Zivkovic
4–6, 1–6
Win 9–2 May 2011 Great Britain F7, Newcastle Futures Clay Carles Poch Gradin Pablo Martín-Adalia
Morgan Phillips
6–1, 7–6(7–3)
Loss 9–3 Jul 2011 Great Britain F8, Manchester Futures Grass Albano Olivetti Chris Eaton
Josh Goodall
4–6, 6–7(3–7)
Win 10–3 Jul 2011 Penza, Russia Challenger Hard Arnau Brugués-Davi Sergei Bubka
Adrián Menéndez Maceiras
6–7(6–8), 6–2, [10–8]
Loss 10–4 Jul 2011 Astana, Kazakhstan Challenger Hard (i) Arnau Brugués-Davi Konstantin Kravchuk
Denys Molchanov
6–7(4–7), 7–6(7–1), [3–10]
Win 11–4 Sep 2013 Fergana, Uzbekistan Challenger Hard Farrukh Dustov Ilija Bozoljac
Roman Jebavý
6–3, 6–3
Loss 11–5 Sep 2014 İzmir, Turkey Challenger Hard Alexander Kudryavtsev Ken Skupski
Neal Skupski
1–6, 4–6
Loss 11–6 Sep 2015 İzmir, Turkey Challenger Hard Denys Molchanov Saketh Myneni
Divij Sharan
6–7(5–7), 6–4, [1–0] RET

Performance timelines

Key
W  F  SF QF #R RR Q# A P Z# PO G F-S SF-B NMS NH
(W) Won; (F) finalist; (SF) semifinalist; (QF) quarterfinalist; (#R) rounds 4, 3, 2, 1; (RR) round-robin stage; (Q#) qualification round; (A) absent; (P) postponed; (Z#) Davis/Fed Cup Zonal Group (with number indication) or (PO) play-off; (G) gold, (F-S) silver or (SF-B) bronze Olympic medal; a (NMS) downgraded Masters Series/1000 tournament; (NH) not held. SR=strike rate (events won/competed)
To avoid confusion and double counting, these charts are updated at the conclusion of a tournament or when the player's participation has ended.

Singles

Current through the 2019 US Open (tennis).

Tournament201120122013201420152016201720182019SRW–L
Grand Slam Tournaments
Australian Open A Q1 A Q1 3R 1R 3R 2R 1R 0 / 5 5–5
French Open A 2R Q2 Q2 1R 2R 1R 2R 1R 0 / 6 3–6
Wimbledon A 2R Q3 1R 1R 1R 1R 1R 1R 0 / 7 1–7
US Open 2R 1R Q3 Q2 1R 1R 2R 1R Q1 0 / 6 2–6
Win–Loss 1–1 2–3 0–0 0–1 2–4 1–4 3–4 2–4 0–3 0 / 24 11–24

Doubles

Tournament20122013201420152016201720182019SRW–L
Grand Slam Tournaments
Australian Open A A A 1R A 1R A 3R 0 / 3 2–3
French Open A A A A 1R 2R A A 0 / 2 1–2
Wimbledon 1R A A 2R 2R 1R 1R 1R 0 / 6 2–6
US Open A A A A 1R 2R SF 2R 0 / 4 6–4
Win–Loss 0–1 0–0 0–0 1–2 1–3 2–4 4–2 3–3 0 / 15 11–15

Record against top-10 players

Jaziri's record against those who have been ranked in the top 10, with active players in boldface.

Player Years Matches Record Win% Hard Grass Clay Carpet Last Match
Number 1 ranked players
Andy Murray 2017 1 0–1 0.0% 0–1 0–0 0–0 0–0 Lost (4–6, 1–6) at 2017 Dubai 1st Round
Roger Federer 2013–2016 2 0–2 0.0% 0–1 0–1 0–0 0–0 Lost (3–6, 5–7) at 2016 Halle 2nd Round
Novak Djokovic 2016–2020 2 0–2 0.0% 0–2 0–0 0–0 0–0 Lost (1–6, 2–6) at 2020 Dubai 1st Round
Number 3 ranked players
Alexander Zverev 2016–2018 5 2–3 40.0% 1–2 0–0 1–1 0–0 Won (7–6(7–4), 2–6, 6–4) at 2018 Beijing 2nd Round
Grigor Dimitrov 2018 2 1–1 50.0% 1–0 0–0 0–1 0–0 Lost (5–7, 6–3, 6–7(8–10)) at 2018 Barcelona 3rd Round
Stan Wawrinka 2017 1 0–1 0.0% 0–1 0–0 0–0 0–0 Lost (3–6, 4–6) at 2017 Miami 3rd Round
David Ferrer 2019 1 0–1 0.0% 0–0 0–0 0–1 0–0 Lost (6–7(13–15), 3–6) at 2019 Buenos Aires 1st Round
Milos Raonic 2016–2018 2 0–2 0.0% 0–2 0–0 0–0 0–0 Lost (3–6, 5–7) at 2018 Cincinnati 2nd Round
Dominic Thiem 2015 1 0–1 0.0% 0–0 0–1 0–0 0–0 Lost (3–6, 1–6) at 2015 Nottingham 2nd Round
Marin Čilić 2014–2018 2 1–1 50.0% 0–1 0–0 1–0 0–0 Won (6–4, 6–2) at 2018 Istanbul 2nd Round
Number 4 ranked players
Tomáš Berdych 2016 1 0–1 0.0% 0–0 0–0 0–1 0–0 Lost (1–6, 6–2, 2–6, 4–6) at 2016 Roland Garros 2nd Round
Number 5 ranked players
Kevin Anderson 2012–2017 6 1–5 16.6% 1–3 0–0 0–2 0–0 Lost (4–6, 1–6) at 2017 Washington 2nd Round
Tommy Robredo 2016 1 0–1 0.0% 0–1 0–0 0–0 0–0 Lost (5–7, 6–3, 6–4, 6–7(7–9), 6–8) at 2016 Australian Open 1st Round
Stefanos Tsitsipas 2018 2 1–1 50.0% 1–0 0–1 0–0 0–0 Lost (6–4, 6–7(6–8), 2–6) at 2018 's-Hertogenbosch 2nd Round
Jo-Wilfried Tsonga 2012–2016 2 0–2 0.0% 0–2 0–0 0–0 0–0 Lost (6–4, 5–7, 3–6) at 2016 Summer Olympics 1st Round
Number 6 ranked players
Gilles Simon 2014–2019 5 0–5 0.0% 0–4 0–0 0–1 0–0 Lost (3–6, 7–6(8–6), 4–6) at 2019 Indian Wells 2nd Round
Gaël Monfils 2014 1 0–1 0.0% 0–0 0–1 0–0 0–0 Lost (6–7(5–7), 5–7, 4–6) at 2014 Wimbledon 1st Round
Number 7 ranked players
Richard Gasquet 2017–2018 2 0–2 0.0% 0–1 0–0 0–1 0–0 Lost (2–6, 6–3, 3–6, 0–6) at 2018 Roland Garros 2nd Round
Mardy Fish 2011 1 0–1 0.0% 0–1 0–0 0–0 0–0 Lost (2–6, 2–6, 4–6) at 2011 US Open 2nd Round
Fernando Verdasco 2016–2018 2 1–1 50.0% 1–1 0–0 0–0 0–0 Won (6–3, 7–5) at 2018 Paris 2nd Round
David Goffin 2016–2019 2 1–1 50.0% 1–0 0–0 0–1 0–0 Lost (6–4, 6–7(4–7), 2–6) at 2019 Estoril Quarterfinal
Number 8 ranked players
John Isner 2012–2017 4 0–4 0.0% 0–3 0–1 0–0 0–0 Lost (2–6, 3–6) at 2017 Beijing 1st Round
Radek Štěpánek 2014 1 1–0 100.0% 1–0 0–0 0–0 0–0 Won (2–6, 7–6(7–3), 6–1) at 2014 Washington 2nd Round
Jack Sock 2016–2018 3 0–3 0.0% 0–3 0–0 0–0 0–0 Lost (0–6, 4–6) at 2018 Paris 3rd Round
Janko Tipsarević 2016 1 0–1 0.0% 0–1 0–0 0–0 0–0 Lost (6–7(6–8), 2–6) at 2016 Shenzhen Quarterfinal
Marcos Baghdatis 2018 1 1–0 100.0% 1–0 0–0 0–0 0–0 Won (7–6(9–7), 1–6, 6–2) at 2018 Chengdu 1st Round
Mikhail Youzhny 2016–2018 2 2–0 100.0% 1–0 0–0 1–0 0–0 Won (2–6, 6–2, 6–2, 3–6, 6–2) at 2018 Roland Garros 1st Round
Number 9 ranked players
Roberto Bautista Agut 2018 1 0–1 0.0% 0–1 0–0 0–0 0–0 Lost (3–6, 4–6) at 2018 Dubai Semifinal
Fabio Fognini 2017 1 0–1 0.0% 0–1 0–0 0–0 0–0 Lost (5–7, 1–6) at 2017 Stockholm 1st Round
Number 10 ranked players
Pablo Carreño Busta 2018 1 0–1 0.0% 0–1 0–0 0–0 0–0 Lost (5–7, 2–6, 2–6) at 2018 US Open 1st Round
Lucas Pouille 2017 1 0–1 0.0% 0–0 0–1 0–0 0–0 Lost (7–6(7–5), 4–6, 4–6, 6–7(2–7)) at 2017 Wimbledon 1st Round
Total 2011–2020 60 12–48 20.0% 9–33
(21.4%)
0–6
(0.0%)
3–9
(25.0%)
0–0
(0.0%)
:* Statistics correct as of 14 September 2020.

Wins over top 10 players

  • He has a 3–13 (.188) record against players who were, at the time the match was played, ranked in the top 10.
Season2003 - 201720182019Total
Wins0303
# Player Rank Event Surface Rd Score Jaziri Rank
2018
1. Grigor Dimitrov 4 Dubai Tennis Championships, United Arab Emirates Hard 1R 4–6, 7–5, 6–4 117
2. Marin Cilic 4 Istanbul Open, Turkey Clay 2R 6–4, 6–2 78
3. Alexander Zverev 5 Beijing, China Hard 2R 7–6(7–4), 2–6, 6–4 61

References

  1. ATP Rankings
  2. "Jaziri Stuns Dimitrov In Dubai". atpworldtour.com. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  3. "Tunisia's Malek Jaziri forced to withdraw from match against an Israeli". Sportsillustrated.cnn.com. October 11, 2013. Archived from the original on November 8, 2013. Retrieved December 31, 2015.
  4. Sinai, Allon. "Sela into final, Weintraub out in semis amid turmoil". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
  5. "Tunisia suspended from Davis Cup over Malek Jaziri order". Sky Sports. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
  6. Fox Sports. "Tunisian tennis player withdraws before facing Israeli at French tournament". FOX Sports.
  7. "Tunisian player Malek Jaziri withdraws before facing Israeli". ESPN.com.
  8. "ATP clears Tunisian Malek Jaziri of wrongdoing for withdrawal before match vs. Israeli". FOX Sports. Associated Press. February 11, 2015. Retrieved December 31, 2015.
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