Malhar
Malhar is a Hindustani classical raga.[1] Malhar is associated with torrential rains.[2] Besides the basic Shuddha Malhar, which was the original Malhar, several Malhar-related ragas use the Malhar signature phrase m (m)R (m)R P, including Miyan ki Malhar, Megh Malhar, Ramdasi Malhar, Gaud Malhar, Sur Malhar, Shuddha Malhar, Desh Malhar, Nat Malhar, Dhulia Malhar and Meera ki Malhar. In fact, this phrase is prominently heard in the raga, Brindavani Sarang. It can be determined that raga Malhar or rather Miyan ki Malhar is a mixture of ragas Brindavani Sarang, raga Kafi and raga Durga. This raga has a Vakra form, i.e. this raga is a Vakra raga (meaning that the svaras of a raga are not completely in a particular straightforward manner). This raga is a Ghambir Prakruti raga (meaning that is played slow with patience and which is played in a serious tone/note).
| Thaat | Kafi |
|---|---|
| Type |
|
| Time of day | In Rainy Season prominently, otherwise in the 2nd Prahar of the Night. |
| Season | prominently in the Rainy season |
| Arohana | N S m R P g m R S m R P n D N S' |
| Avarohana | S' n D n P m P g g m R S |
| Pakad | N S m R P g m R S m R P n D N S' S' n D n P m P g g m R S |
| Chalan | N S m R P g m R S m R P n D N S' S' n D n P m P g g m R S |
| Vadi | Pa |
| Samavadi | Sa |
| Synonym | Bahar, Kanada Bahar |
| Similar |
|
Legend
According to legend, Malhar is so powerful that when sung, it can induce rainfall.
Many written accounts describe Raga Malhar. Tansen, Baiju Bawra, Baba Ramdas, Nayak Charju, Miyan Bakhshu, Tantarang, Tantras Khan, Bilas Khan (son of Tansen), Hammer Sen, Surat Sen, and Meera Bai are among the singers who are said to have been capable of starting rains using various kinds of Raga Malhar.[3]
Mughal emperor Akbar once asked his court musician Miyan Tansen to sing Raga Deepak, the raga of Light/Fire, which caused all the lamps in the courtyard to light up and Tansen's body to become so hot that he had to sit in the nearby river to cool himself. However, the river began to boil, and it became apparent that Tansen would soon boil to death. He set out on a search to find someone who could sing Raga Malhar to cure him. In due course, he reached Vadnagar, in Gujarat, where he found two sisters, Tana and Riri, whom he asked for help. They agreed to sing. When they sang the Raga Malhar, rains came down in torrents, which cooled Tansen's body immediately.[4]
Variations
The many variations of Raga Malhar have been categorised chronologically[3] by era - prachina (before the 15th century), madhyakalina (15th - 18th century) and arvachina (19th century and beyond). Ragas Shuddha Malhar, Megh Malhar and Gaud Malhar belong to the first period.
In popular culture
In Bankim Chandra Chatterjee's Bengali language novel Anandamath (1882), a band of yogis sing Vande mataram in Raga Desh.[5]
In Satyajit Ray's film Jalsaghar, Raga Malhar is used to link the powers of nature and the hero's internal conflict.[5]
The song Thumbi Thullal from the movie Cobra (2020 film) is based on this raag. It is composed by A. R. Rahman and sung by Shreya Ghoshal & Nakul Abhyankar.
Historical Information
Legend
There is legend stating that Tansen's physical agony after singing Raga Deepak (Poorvi Thaat) was pacified with listening to Raga Megh Malhar rendered by two sisters, Tana and Riri.
Film Songs
Language:Tamil
| Song | Movie | Composer | Singer |
|---|---|---|---|
| Muthukkalo Kangal | Nenjirukkum Varai | M.S.Viswanathan | T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela |
| Velli Malarae | Jodi | A. R. Rahman | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Mahalakshmi Iyer |
| Thumbi Thullal(Abheri traces also) | Cobra | Nakul Abhyankar, Shreya Ghoshal | |
| Ennai Konja Konja | Aathi | Vidyasagar | Hariharan, Sujatha Mohan |
References
- Bhavan's Journal v.26:14-26 (1980). Page 27.
- Manorma Sharma (2007). Music Aesthetics. APH Publishing. p. 113. ISBN 978-81-313-0032-9.
- Bannerjee, Dr. Geeta (2000). Raag Malhar Darshan. SAWF.
- Chaitanya Deva (1995). Indian Music. Taylor & Francis. p. 18. ISBN 978-81-224-0730-3.
- Raga Archived 2012-11-14 at the Wayback Machine. Centre of South Asian Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.