Bageshri

Bageshri (IAST: Bāgeśrī) is a Hindustani classical raga. It is a popular raga of the late night, which is meant to depict the emotion of a woman waiting for reunion with her lover. It is said to have been first sung by Miyan Tansen, the celebrated court singer of the Emperor Akbar in the sixteenth century.

Bageshri
ThaatKafi
TypeAudava-Sampurna
Time of dayAround midnight[1]
ArohanaS  M D  
Avarohana  D M  R S
PakadD n s, m, m P D, m g R S
VadiMa
SamavadiSa
SynonymVagishvari[1]
SimilarRageshri

In the twentieth century, Bageshri raga found widespread popularity in Carnatic Music. The popular Hindi music director C.Ramchandra favoured composing songs in Bageshri, as he found it simple. In a 1978 interview at BBC studios with Mahendra Kaul, he explained this, while playing songs like (Radha na bole - Azad, 1955) that were set to Bageshri.[2]

Theory

The theoretical aspects of Bageshri are as follows:

Scale

Arohana : S  M D  [lower-alpha 1][1]
Avarohana :   D M  R S[lower-alpha 2][1]

Vadi & Samavadi

Vadi : Madhyam (Ma)
Samavadi: Shadaj (Sa)

Pakad or Chalan

D n s, m, m P D, m g R S

Varjit Swara - R P in Aaroh
Jati : - Audav Sampoorna

Organization & Relationships

Thaat: Kafi (raga)

Samay (Time)

The time for this raaga is madhya raatri (middle of the night).

Carnatic music

Bageshri
Mela22nd, Kharaharapriya
ArohanamS G₂ M₁ D₂ N₂ 
Avarohanam N₂ D₂ N₂ P M₁ G₂ R₂ S

In the twentieth century, Bageshri raga found widespread popularity in Carnatic Music, in which it is said to be derived from the equivalent Melakarta of Kafi thaat, the 22nd Melakarta called Kharaharapriya.[3] This raga is a janya raga (derived) as it does not have all the seven notes in the ascending scale.

Structure and Lakshana

Bageshri is an asymmetric scale that does not contain panchamam or rishabam in the ascending scale. It is called a audava-sampurna rāgam,[3] in Carnatic music classification (as it has 5 notes in ascending and 7 notes in descending scale). Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):

This scale uses the notes shadjam, chathusruti rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatham and kaisiki nishadam.

Bageshri has become a popular raga in Carnatic music.[3]This scale has been used in a few krithis (compositions). In addition, many devaranamas, ashtapadis, thiruppugazhs, and other lyrics have been set to tune in this raga. It is typically sung in concerts after the main piece, in viruttams, padams, bhajans and ragamalika.[3]

Here are some popular compositions in Bageshri.

Film Songs

Language:Hindi

Song Movie Composer Singer
Aja Re, Paradesi Madhumati Salil Chowdhury Lata Mangeshkar
Ghadi Ghadi Mora Dil Dhadke Madhumati Salil Chowdhury Lata Mangeshkar
Bedardi Dagabaz Ja Tu Nahin Balma Mora Bluff Master Kalyanji-Anandji Lata Mangeshkar
Chah Barbad Karegi Shahjehan Naushad K. L. Saigal
Ja Re, Beiman Tujhe Jan Liya Private Secretary Dilip Dholakia Manna Dey
Jaag Dard-e-Ishq Jaag Anarkali C. Ramchandra Hemant Kumar, Lata Mangeshkar
Shubh Ghadi Aai Insaaf Ki Tope Nagar Das Nayak Shaila V. Panchotia
Jao Jao Nand Ke Lala Rangoli Shankar-Jaikishan Lata Mangeshkar
Radha Na Bole Na Bole Azaad C. Ramchandra Lata Mangeshkar
Ruth Ke Humse Kahin Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikandar Jatin-Lalit Jatin Pandit
Sanwoli Saloni Teri Jheel Si Aankhen Ham Sab Chor Hain Bappi Lahiri Kumar Sanu, Alka Yagnik
Aab Ghar Aaja Haasil Jatin-Lalit Javed Ali
Mera Chand Mujhe Aaya Hai Nazar Yeh Hai Mumbai Meri Jaan Jatin-Lalit Kumar Sanu
Kahena Hi Kya Bombay A.R.Rahman K.S.Chithra
Aisa Kyon Hota Hai Barbar Ishq Vishk Anu Malik Alka Yagnik
Bolo Na Chittagong Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy Shankar Mahadevan
Emotional Atyachar Dev D Amit Trivedi Amit Trivedi, Amitabh Bhattacharya
Chahaton Ka Silsila Shabd Vishal-Shekhar Kumar Sanu, Sunidhi Chauhan
Bhare Naina Ra.One Vishal-Shekhar Nandini Srikar
Raat Bhar Chand Jwala Moonlight Whispers (Album) Vivek Prakash Udit Narayan

Language:Tamil

Song Movie Composer Singer
Kaanaa Inbam Kannidhadheno Sabaash Meena T. G. Lingappa T. A. Mothi, P. Suseela
Kalaiyae En Vazhkaiyin Meenda Sorgam T. Chalapathi Rao A. M. Rajah, P. Suseela
Mayakkum Maalai Gulebakavali K. V. Mahadevan A. M. Rajah, Jikki
Anbale Thediya En Deivapiravi R. Sudarsanam C. S. Jayaraman, S. Janaki
Kangale Kangale Vaazhkai Padagu Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy P. B. Sreenivas
Malarukku Thendral Enga Veettu Pillai P. Susheela, L. R. Eswari
Paal Irukkum Pazham Irukkum Paava Mannippu T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
Ponnezhil Pootadu Kalangarai Vilakkam M. S. Viswanathan
Nee Ennenna Sonnalum Netru Indru Naalai
Nilave Ennidam Ramu P. B. Sreenivas, P. Suseela
Avan Nenaithaana Selva Magal T. M. Soundararajan
Kannanin Sanithiyil Oru Kodiyil Iru Malargal P. Jayachandran, P. Susheela
Punnagai Mannan Iru Kodugal V. Kumar P. Susheela, Jamuna Rani
Melatha Mella Aruvadai Naal Ilaiyaraaja Malaysia Vasudevan, S. Janaki
Kelaayo Kanna Naane Raja Naane Mandhiri P. Suseela,Usha Srinivasan
Kala Kala Sangamamo Ezhumalayaan Magimai Ilaiyaraaja, S. Janaki
Then Mozhi Solla Thudikuthu Manasu Mano
Kaviyam Padava Thendrale Idhayathai Thirudathe
Mounam Yen Mounamey En Jeevan Paduthu
Eduthu Naan Vidava Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal Ilaiyaraaja, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Singalathu Chinnakuyile

(Ragam Bahudari touches also)

Punnagai Mannan S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K.S. Chitra
Ingeyum Sathya Lata Mangeshkar
Unnayum Ennayum Aalappirandhavan K.J. Jesudas, S. Janaki
Rokkam Irukura Makkal Kasi Hariharan, Sujatha Mohan
Mazhai Varuthu Raja Kaiya Vacha K.J. Jesudas, K.S. Chitra
Santosham Kaanatha Vasanthi Chandrabose
Koluse Koluse Pen Puthi Mun Puthi S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. P. Sailaja
Malaicharal Oram Avathellam Pennalae Shankar–Ganesh P. Jayachandran
Naan Vandha Idam Thanga Kolusu Deva S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Uchathil Otha Kuyil Partha Parvayil M. M. A. Iniyavan Mano,S. Janaki
Aaromale (Malayalam) Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa A. R. Rahman Alphons Joseph

See also

  • List of Film Songs based on Ragas

Notes

  1. Alternate notations:
    • Carnatic: S G₂ M₁ D₂ N₂ 
    • Western: C E F A B C
  2. Alternate notations:
    • Carnatic:  N₂ D₂ M₁ G₂ R₂ S
    • Western: C B A F E D C
  3. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: S  M D  
    • Western: C E F A B C
  4. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani:   D  P M  R S
    • Western: C B A B G F E D C

References

  1. Bor & Rao 1999.
  2. Kaul, Mahendra (2 February 1978). "Interview with C Ramchandra". BBC Studios. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  3. Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications

Sources

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