Munach

The Munach (Hebrew: מֻנַּח‎, also spelled Munah or Munakh), translating to English as "to rest," is a common cantillation sound. In Sephardi and Oriental traditions it is often called Shofar holekh. It is marked with a right angle below the corresponding word.[1]

Munach
מֻנַּ֣ח ֣ מָק֣וֹם
cantillation
Sof passuk׃  paseq׀
etnachta֑  segol֒
shalshelet֓  zaqef qatan֔
zaqef gadol֕  tifcha֖
rivia֗  zarqa֘
pashta֙  yetiv֚
tevir֛  geresh֜
geresh muqdam֝  gershayim֞
qarney para֟  telisha gedola֠
pazer֡  atnah hafukh֢
munach֣  mahapakh֤
merkha֥  merkha kefula֦
darga֧  qadma֨
telisha qetana֩  yerah ben yomo֪
ole֫  illuy֬
dehi֭  zinor֮

The munach is found in various groups, including the Katon, Etnachta, and Segol groups. One or more munachs can be followed by many different trope sounds, including Zakef katon, Etnachta, Rivia, Zarka, Segol, and Pazer. It is normally used when the number of syllables in a phrase are so long that an extra note is required to accommodate all the syllables.[2]

The munach is normally a short note. But when it is the first of two munachs followed by a Rivia, it has a longer melody. In this case it may also be called legarmeh (מֻנַּח לְגַרְמֵ֣הּ׀).

Appearances

The munach has the following appearances in the following sequences:

* When there are two Munachs before a Rivia (legarmeh), there is generally a vertical line (|) drawn between the words to indicate this.

The munach as shown is not always present in all cases.

Occasionally, in the Katon group, a second Munach will be inserted. This occurs when the words have more syllables, and cannot be accommodated by a single munach.[3]

Munach occurs in the Torah 8777 times. Legarmeh occurs 283 times.[4]

Total occurrences
Book Munach Legarmeh
Torah 8777[4] 283[4]
   Genesis 2271[4] 60[4]
   Exodus 1835[4] 62[4]
   Leviticus 1270[4] 45[4]
   Numbers 1748[4] 60[4]
   Deuteronomy 1653[4] 56[4]
Nevi'im 8624[5] 337[5]
Ketuvim 6150[5] 203[5]

Melody

Note that the melody for trope is different in Torah, Haftarah, and Megillot. Different Jewish communities also use different Torah tropes. The following should not be considered an exhaustive list of all possible cantillations.

Katon group

Etnachta group

Rivia group

The Munach preceding another Munach before a Rivia:
The Munach immediately preceding a Rivia:

Segol group

Before a Zarka:
Before a Segol:

Telisha group

References
  1. The Art of Cantillation, Volume 2: A Step-By-Step Guide to Chanting Haftarot ... By Marshall Portnoy, Josée Wolff, page 26
  2. Outlines of Hebrew Accentuation By A. B. Davidson, page 39
  3. Outlines of Hebrew Accentuation By A. B. Davidson, page 58
  4. Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance ..., Volume 1 By James D. Price, page 6
  5. Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance ..., Volume 1 By James D. Price, page 5
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