Nancy (comic strip)

Nancy is an American comic strip, originally written and drawn by Ernie Bushmiller and distributed by United Feature Syndicate. The strip was originally called Fritzi Ritz, but over several years, the focus changed from ditzy Fritzi to her niece Nancy, who got her own Sunday topper strip starting October 3, 1938.[1]

Nancy
Nancy (June 5, 1960)
Author(s)Ernie Bushmiller (1938–1982)
Al Plastino (1982–1983)
Mark Lasky (1983)
Jerry Scott (1984–1995)
Guy and Brad Gilchrist (1995–2018)
Olivia Jaimes (2018–present)
Current status/scheduleRunning
Launch dateOctober 30, 1938 (title changed from Fritzi Ritz)
Alternate name(s)Fritzi Ritz
Syndicate(s)United Feature Syndicate / United Media
Genre(s)Humor, Children, Teens, Adults
Nancy
Nancy character
First appearanceJanuary 2, 1933
In-universe information
GenderFemale
FamilyFritzi Ritz (aunt)

History

1922 to 1982

The character of Nancy, a precocious eight-year-old, first appeared in the strip Fritzi Ritz about the airheaded flapper title character. Larry Whittington began Fritzi Ritz in 1922,[2] and it was assumed by Bushmiller three years later. On January 2, 1933, Bushmiller introduced Fritzi's niece, Nancy.[3] In 1949, he was quoted as saying that he originally intended Nancy "just as an incidental character and I planned to keep her for about a week and then dump her... But the little dickens was soon stealing the show and Bushmiller, the ingrate, was taking all the bows."[4] Nancy became the focus of the daily strip, which was renamed for her in 1938 after Lawrence W. Hager, editor of the Owensboro, Kentucky Inquirer-Messenger (now the Messenger-Inquirer), lobbied for the change;[5][6] Sluggo Smith, Nancy's friend from the "wrong side of the tracks" had been introduced earlier that year, and the strip's popularity rose. Fritzi Ritz became a secondary character, although her solo strip continued as a Sunday-only strip, and her relationship with Phil Fumble was an ongoing presence until his departure in 1968. Comics historian Don Markstein ascribed the strip's success to Bushmiller's "bold, clear art style, combined with his ability to construct a type of gag that appealed to a very broad audience.[7]

Phil Fumble made a reappearance in the November 27, 2012, strip,[8] and became a regular character as of early January 2013, with the intention of furthering his relationship with Aunt Fritzi.[9]

Fritzi Ritz continued as a Sunday feature until 1968. At its peak in the 1970s, Nancy ran in more than 880 newspapers, before falling to 79 shortly before Guy Gilchrist's departure from the strip in 2018.[10]

1982 to 2018

Al Plastino worked on Sunday episodes of Nancy from 1982 to 1984 after Bushmiller died. During that period, David Letterman showed on TV a Nancy panel with Plastino's signature and made a joke about Plastino as a superhero name. (Letterman's writers were apparently unaware that Plastino was known for his superheroes.)

The strip has continued to the present day by different writers and artists. Mark Lasky briefly handled the daily strip in 1982/1983 until his death from cancer at age 29. The strip was handed to Jerry Scott in 1983, who gradually started to draw the strip in a much different, more modern style than other incarnations. In 1994, the syndicate began seeking a replacement for Scott; applicants included Ivan Brunetti[11] and Gary Hallgren.[12] In 1995, Guy and Brad Gilchrist were given control of the strip; Guy Gilchrist subsequently became the sole author and illustrator.

Daily credits, post-Bushmiller:[1]

  • Mark Lasky: August 29, 1982 – July 9, 1983 (Lasky's first signed strip appeared on October 11, 1982)
  • Jerry Scott: July 11, 1983 – September 2, 1995 (Scott's first signed strip appeared on October 10, 1983)
  • Guy (and Brad) Gilchrist: September 4, 1995 – February 17, 2018

Sunday credits:[1]

  • Al Plastino: November 21, 1982 – December 30, 1984 (Plastino's first signed strip appeared on November 28, 1982)
  • Jerry Scott: January 6, 1985 – August 27, 1995
  • Guy (and Brad) Gilchrist: September 3, 1995 – February 18, 2018

2018 to present

On January 2, 2018, Gilchrist announced that after 22 years, his last Nancy strip would be February 18, 2018, which involved the marriage between the characters of Fritzi Ritz and Phil Fumble.[13]

Following a two-month hiatus, the strip resumed on April 9 with "21st-century female perspective" from a person using the pen name Olivia Jaimes, the strip's first-ever female author. At the time of the announcement, 75 newspapers still ran the strip. Jaimes said, "Nancy has been my favorite sassy grouch for a long time. I'm excited to be sassy and grouchy through her voice instead of just mine" and "the Nancy I know and love is a total jerk and also gluttonous and also has big feelings and voraciously consumes her world". Comics historian Tom Spurgeon described Jaimes as funny and talented, with an approach to the character that both breaks with and pays homage to Bushmiller's version.[14][15][16]

In the process, Jaimes updated the strip's technology, including Nancy frequently using her smartphone and attending robotics classes. The September 3, 2018 strip spawned an Internet meme, depicting Nancy riding a hoverboard using two phones, one of which was attached to a selfie stick, and proclaiming that "Sluggo is lit." Jaimes described her aim with that strip to "most upset the person who likes me the least ... somebody who's like, 'Nancy sucks now' ... what I imagine my greatest hater would despise most is Nancy interacting with every piece of technology using words you don't understand."[16][15]

Art style

Bushmiller refined and simplified his drawing style over the years to create a uniquely stylized comic world. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language illustrates its entry on comic strip with a Nancy cartoon. Despite the small size of the reproduction, both the art and the gag are clear, and an eye-tracking survey once determined that Nancy was so conspicuous that it was the first strip most people viewed on a newspaper comics page.

In a 1988 essay, "How to Read Nancy", Mark Newgarden and Paul Karasik offered a probing analysis of Bushmiller's strip:

To say that Nancy is a simple gag strip about a simple-minded slot-nosed kid is to miss the point completely. Nancy only appears to be simple at a casual glance. Like architect Mies van der Rohe, the simplicity is a carefully designed function of a complex amalgam of formal rules laid out by the designer. To look at Bushmiller as an architect is entirely appropriate, for Nancy is, in a sense, a blueprint for a comic strip. Walls, floors, rocks, trees, ice-cream cones, motion lines, midgets and principals are carefully positioned with no need for further embellishment. And they are laid out with one purpose in mind—to get the gag across. Minimalist? Formalist? Structuralist? Cartoonist![17]

Comics theorist Scott McCloud described the essence of Nancy:

Ernie Bushmiller's comic strip Nancy is a landmark achievement: A comic so simply drawn it can be reduced to the size of a postage stamp and still be legible; an approach so formulaic as to become the very definition of the "gag-strip"; a sense of humor so obscure, so mute, so without malice as to allow faithful readers to march through whole decades of art and story without ever once cracking a smile. Nancy is Plato's playground. Ernie Bushmiller didn't draw A tree, A house, A car. Oh, no. Ernie Bushmiller drew the tree, the house, the car. Much has been made of the "three rocks." Art Spiegelman explains how a drawing of three rocks in a background scene was Ernie's way of showing us there were some rocks in the background. It was always three. Why? Because two rocks wouldn't be "some rocks." Two rocks would be a pair of rocks. And four rocks was unacceptable because four rocks would indicate "some rocks" but it would be one rock more than was necessary to convey the idea of "some rocks." A Nancy panel is an irreduceable concept, an atom, and the comic strip is a molecule.[18]

Cartoonist Wally Wood described Nancy's design more succinctly: "By the time you decided not to read it, you already had."[19]

Characters
Primary characters
Nancy and Sluggo on the cover of Tip Top number 167 (May 1951). Ernie Bushmiller's distinctive line-work was instantly recognizable.
  • Nancy Ritz,[20] a typical and somewhat mischievous eight-year-old[21] girl. She encourages her friend Sluggo to improve himself and is instantly jealous of any other girls who pay attention to him. During Gilchrists's run, she was portrayed as living in Three Rocks, Tennessee (a suburb of Nashville)[22][23] although her home town was unspecified by other artists. Bushmiller located her home as 220 Oak Street[24] next to Elm Avenue.[25] She attends Central Elementary School in the Jaimes version.[26] Aside from creating Nancy as Fritzi's niece, Bushmiller claimed to know nothing about her lineage, adding 'Very occasionally, I get curious kids asking me, but I don't know what to tell them.'[27]
  • Fritzi Ritz, Nancy's paternal aunt, with whom she lives. When Nancy initially appeared in the Fritzi Ritz comic strip, Fritzi was living with her father, George.[28] The Fritzi character was gradually phased out in the mid-1980s before being dropped entirely by the end of the decade but returned as a main character in 1995 when the strip was taken over by brothers Brad and Guy Gilchrist. In the current version of Nancy, Fritzi acts as Nancy's full-time carer.
  • Sluggo Smith,[29] Nancy's best friend, introduced in 1938. Sluggo is Nancy's age and is a poor ragamuffin-type from the wrong side of the tracks. He is sometimes described as Nancy's boyfriend.[30][31] He is portrayed as lazy, and his favourite pastime seems to be napping; in 1976 Bushmiller told a reporter who asked how Sluggo supported himself: "I assume he delivers groceries on Saturday, or something like that."[32] In the Gilchrist version, Sluggo lives at 720 Drabb Street[33] in an abandoned house he found[34] and according to a storyline in 2013 strips, is taken care of by truck driver "uncles" Les and More,[35][36] who discovered that he had lived in an orphanage; his mother died after he was born, and his father died serving his country. Sluggo's Uncle Vince is "shady" and his rich Aunt Maggie in California doesn't care about him because he reminds her of when she was poor.[29][37] Sluggo ran away from the orphanage, his cousin Chauncey gave him $200 and he took the train as far as Three Rocks.[22]
Secondary characters
  • Agnes and Lucy, Nancy's identical twin friends in the Jaimes version. Agnes, the more wily twin, wears her hair down, and Lucy, the more idealistic and artistic twin, wears her hair up.[38]
  • Amal, Magnet School student who was opposing team captain during a basketball competition (Jaimes version).[39][40]
  • Art camp counselor, an unnamed character in the Jaimes version, who is a very physically fit art teacher.[41]
  • Dae-Hyun, Magnet School student (Jaimes version).[42]
  • Derek, the number one socializer at the Magnet School (Jaimes version).[43]
  • Esther, a girl in Nancy's class in the Jaimes version. Introduced in 2018, she has a patchy relationship with Nancy.[44]
  • Jerome, Magnet School student who writes poignant short stories (Jaimes version).[45]
  • Judy, Nancy's cousin who looks like her.[46]
  • Leon, Magnet School student (Jaimes version).[47]
  • Lyle, a blonde male classmate of Nancy's in the Jaimes version, who nearly always wears sandals with socks, regardless of the weather.[48]
  • Marigold, Sluggo's tomboy cousin.[7]
  • Melissa Bangles, one of Nancy's teachers in the Jaimes version, who had thwarted hopes of a basketball career.[49]
  • Mildred, originally Esther's and then also Nancy's rival in the Jaimes version. She goes to a nearby magnet school that Esther used to also attend.[50]
  • Nita, Nancy's math and robotics teacher, a character in the Jaimes version whose internal monologue often reflects on the difficulty and rewards of teaching.[51]
  • Old man, an unnamed character in the Jaimes version, a cranky oldster who has been affectionately dubbed "Ernest Dangit" by some fans.[52]
  • Oona Goosepimple, the spooky-looking child who lives in a haunted house down the road from Nancy's house. She originally appeared only in the comic book version of the strip, during John Stanley's tenure in the late 1950s and early 1960s.[53] She appeared in the actual comic strip for the first time on October 16, 2013.[54]
  • Pee Wee, a neighborhood toddler who is known for his extreme literalness.
  • Phil Fumble, Fritzi's boyfriend. When Nancy debuted in the Fritzi Ritz comic strip, Fritzi had a procession of boyfriends, such as "Wally".[55] Phil Fumble was the subject of his own strip by Bushmiller at this time.[56] He was written out in 1968 but made a reappearance in late 2012, subsequently marrying Fritzi in Gilchrist's last strip.[10] This character does not currently appear in Jaimes' version of the strip.
  • Poochie, Nancy's dog (white with a large black spot on its back and black ears). A white dog with a black patch on its back and one black ear, identified by Nancy as hers, first appeared in the strip on 13 January 1933,[57] however this dog was known as 'Woofy'.[58] Poochie was first seen in the Jaimes version of the strip on June 27, 2018,[59] although he was not mentioned by name in the Jaimes version until September 23, 2019.[60]
  • Pussycat, Nancy's adopted stray cat, who does not currently appear in the Jaimes version of the strip. Nancy first attempted to adopt an (unnamed) cat on 18 January 1933.[61]
  • Rollo Haveall, the stereotypical but nonetheless friendly rich kid. In the early 1940s, the rich kid was known as Marmaduke and in 2013, Rollo's father's name is given as Rollo Marmaduke Sr.[34]
  • Spike Kelly[62] (a.k.a. Butch), the town bully who frequently fights with Sluggo, but does not always win out.

Awards

Bushmiller won the National Cartoonists Society's Humor Comic Strip Award for 1961 and the Society's Reuben Award for Best Cartoonist of the Year in 1976.[63]

In 1995, the strip was selected as one of the 20 in the "Comic Strip Classics" series of commemorative U.S. postage stamps.

Comic books

There were first several Fritzi Ritz comic stories in comics published by United Feature. These include Fritzi Ritz No. 1 (1948), 3–7 (1949), #27–36 (1953–1954); United Comics #8–36 (1950–1953); Tip Topper Comics #1–28 (1949–1954); St John published Fritzi Ritz #37–55 (1955–1957). Dell published Fitzi Ritz #56–59 (1957–1958)

Nancy appeared in comic books—initially in a 1940s comic strip reprint title from United Feature, later St. John Publications and later in a Dell comic written by John Stanley. Titled Nancy and Sluggo, United Feature published #16–23 (1949–1954), St. John published #121–145 (1955–1957). Titled Nancy, until retitled Nancy and Sluggo with issue #174, Dell published #146–187 (1957–1962). (Hy Eisman produced some of Dell's Nancy stories in 1960-61.[64] Gold Key published #188–192 (1962–1963). Dell also published Dell Giants devoted to Nancy (#35, No. 45 and "Traveltime"), and a Four Color #1034.[7] Nancy and Sluggo also appeared in stories in Tip Top Comics published by United Feature (#1–188), St. Johns (#189–210), and Dell (#211–225), Sparkler #1–120 (1941–1954) and Sparkle #1–33 (1953–1954) published by United Feature. Fritzi Ritz and Nancy appeared in several Comics on Parade (#32, 35, 38, 41, 44, 47, 50, 53, 55, 57, 60–104) published by United Feature.

Nancy was reprinted in the British comic paper The Topper, between the 1950s and the 1970s. Nancy also had its own monthly comic book magazine of newspaper reprints in Norway (where the strip is known as Trulte) during 1956–1959.

Animation

Nancy was featured in two animated shorts by the Terrytoons studio in 1942–1943: School Daze and Doing Their Bit.[65]

In 1971, several newly created Nancy and Sluggo cartoons appeared on the Saturday morning cartoon series Archie's TV Funnies, which starred the Archie Comic Series characters running a television station. Nancy appeared along with seven other comic strip characters: Emmy Lou, Broom-Hilda, Dick Tracy, The Dropouts, Moon Mullins, the Captain and the Kids and Smokey Stover. The series lasted one season. In 1978, she was also featured in several segments of Filmation's animated show Fabulous Funnies, a repackaging of Archie's TV Funnies material minus the Archie characters wraparounds.[66]

Foreign versions
A January 16, 2006 strip, from the French Canadian version of Nancy.

Nancy has been translated into a variety of languages, often with changes to characters' names. In Sweden, the strip is called Lisa och Sluggo.[67] In French, Nancy is called Philomène in Canada, and Zoé in France, where the strip is called Arthur et Zoé (Arthur being the French name of Sluggo). Nancy also appeared on the back cover of the popular Arabic children magazine Majid during the 80s, she was known as Moza while Sluggo was portrayed as her brother Rashoud. In Mexico she is known as Periquita, while Sluggo is called Tito.

Cultural references

Bushmiller's art work has inspired other artists:

Comics
  • Cartoonist Bill Griffith has used the characters and emulated Bushmiller's style frequently in his Zippy the Pinhead.
  • Cartoonist Scott McCloud developed a card game, 5-card Nancy, in which players use random panels of Nancy to create their own stories. McCloud also included a Nancy cameo in his book, Understanding Comics.[68] When describing the "non-sequitur" transition type, several unrelated images appear between panels. One is an upside-down picture of Nancy being struck by lightning with the caption "Danger".
  • Cartoonist Mark Newgarden has included Nancy in his work.
  • Pearls Before Swine cartoonist Stephan Pastis (known for using other comic characters in his strip) portrayed Nancy and Sluggo as extras to replace Rat and Goat during the 2003 "Pearls Labor Dispute".[69]
  • Mad has run several parodies, including "Nansy", in which Nancy is transformed into the main character of several other comic strips, including Donald Duck, Dick Tracy and Li'l Abner, all with that same hyphen-nose and frizzy hairdo. Also in Mad, Bushmiller gets the hardboiled treatment: "If Mickey Spillane Wrote Nancy".[70]
  • Quino's Mafalda bears a strong resemblance to the earlier Nancy, which Quino mocks in one strip, where Miguelito buys a Nancy magazine and shows it to Mafalda noticing the resemblance, only for Mafalda to retort (off-frame) that she looks more like his grandmother.
  • Cartoonist Max Cannon often includes Stubbo, a boy drawn in Bushmiller's style, in his Red Meat strip.[71]
Other media
  • Nancy was the subject of Andy Warhol's 1961 painting Nancy.
  • Nancy was the subject of several pop art works by Joe Brainard, collected in The Nancy Book (2008), Siglio Press. They include:
    • If Nancy Was an Ashtray, 1972[72]
    • If Nancy Was a Boy, 1972[73]
    • If Nancy Was a da Vinci Sketch, 1972[74]
    • Nancy Diptych, 1974[75]
    • If Nancy Was a Painting by de Kooning, 1975[76]
  • In Mexico, the character, shown in the comic strips, become so popular that a socks company used her image and name in Spanish (Periquita) for a brand of girl's anklets very popular in Guadalajara, to the point it has her own song and commercials.
  • Periquita #200 (a comic book edition of the Spanish-language version of Nancy) is seen on a table in a restaurant near the end of the film Roma.[77]

Collections
Comic strip (by Ernie Bushmiller)
  • Nancy (1961), Pocket Books (The Fun-Filled Cartoon Adventures of Nancy)[78]
  • The Best of Ernie Bushmiller's Nancy by Brian Walker (1988), Henry Holt
  • Kitchen Sink Press series:
    • Nancy Eats Food (Volume 1) (1989)
    • How Sluggo Survives (Volume 2) (1989)
    • Nancy Dreams and Schemes (Volume 3) (1990)
    • Bums, Beatniks and Hippies / Artists and Con Artists (Volume 4) (1990)
    • Nancy's Pets (Volume 5) (1991)
  • Everything I Need to Know I Learned from Nancy: The Enduring Wisdom of Ernie Bushmiller (1993), Pharos Books
  • Nancy Is Happy: Complete Dailies 1942–1945 (2012), Fantagraphics Books (The first in a projected series reprinting 24 years worth of daily strips.)[17]
  • Nancy Likes Christmas: Complete Dailies 1946–1948 (2012), Fantagraphics Books
  • Nancy Loves Sluggo: Complete Dailies 1949–1951 (2014), Fantagraphics Books
Comic book (by John Stanley)
  • Nancy Vol. 1: The John Stanley Library (2009), Drawn & Quarterly
  • Nancy Vol. 2: The John Stanley Library (2010), Drawn & Quarterly
  • Nancy Vol. 3: The John Stanley Library (2011), Drawn & Quarterly
Comic strip (by Olivia Jaimes)

Random Acts of Nancy

A spin-off titled Random Acts of Nancy began March 19, 2014, consisting of sampled single panels of Nancy comics drawn by Ernie Bushmiller.[79] Creator John Lotshaw described the process:

When people ask me what Random Acts of Nancy is, I tell them it's their little daily ray of Absurdist sunshine. The lack of context - indeed, its very removal - is what attracted me to Random Acts the moment Guy explained it to me... The process begins by skimming through Nancy daily strips. Currently, we're using Ernie Bushmiller's art exclusively, but we're not limited to his work... Once I find a strip with a promising panel, I clean up the art as much as I can in Photoshop. I remove the extra panels, and then begin coloring the art. When the panel is colored, I run a filter on the art to create the halftone dots that make the panel look as if it was printed on an old-fashioned four-color press. Finally, I flatten the image and add the indicia, including the original publication date of the strip. Repeat the process until... well, I run out of material. Thanks to the genius of Ernie Bushmiller, that's not going to happen any time soon.[80]

Following Guy Gilchrist's departure from Nancy, this strip was discontinued.

References
  1. Holtz, Allan (2012). American Newspaper Comics: An Encyclopedic Reference Guide. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. p. 283. ISBN 9780472117567.
  2. "Fritzi Ritz Before Bushmiller: She's Come a Long Way, Baby!" Archived May 23, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Hogan's Alley #7 (1999)
  3. Harvey, R. C. "The Lawrence Welk of Cartoonists: Ernie, Nancy, and the Bushmiller Society". Retrieved April 10, 2012.
  4. Virginia Irwin, 'Nancy: Ernie Bushmiller Rates High as Comic Artist, but He Wasn't Doing So Good Until Little Girl With Bangs Popped Out of an Ink Bottle', St Louis Post-Dispatch, 13 February 1949 p. 63
  5. Virginia Irwin, 'Nancy: Ernie Bushmiller Rates High as Comic Artist, but He Wasn't Doing So Good Until Little Girl With Bangs Popped Out of an Ink Bottle', St Louis Post-Dispatch, 13 February 1949 p. 63
  6. "'Nancy' took Ernie Bushmiller into big time of comic strips' Owensboro, Kentucky Inquirer, 30 June 1948 p. 3
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  11. I ALMOST DREW NANCY, by Ivan Brunetti; in Roctober magazine, #26 (1999/2000); archived online at MikeLynchCartoons.blogspot.com; retrieved October 25, 2016
  12. garyhallgren.com gallery; retrieved May 12, 2018
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  14. Cavna, Michael (April 8, 2018). "For the first time in her 85 years, 'Nancy' will be drawn by a woman". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
  15. Michael Cavna (September 20, 2018). "The private cartoonist behind 'Nancy' will make her public debut at the CXC festival". Washington Post. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
  16. Riesman, Abraham (November 26, 2018). "Olivia Jaimes, the Mysterious Cartoonist Behind Nancy, Gives Rare Interview". Vulture.com. Retrieved November 26, 2018.
  17. "Fantagraphics Books to Begin 'Nancy' Reprint Project". Comicbookbin.com. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
  18. McCloud, Scott. "Five Card Nancy," ScottMcCloud.com. Accessed Dec. 12, 2011.
  19. Sacks, Mike (2014), Poking a Dead Frog, Penguin Books, p. 339
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  22. Gilchrist, Guy (April 22, 2013), Nancy, GoComics.com, retrieved April 22, 2013
  23. "Comic Strip Nancy Shines International Spotlight on Beloved Hometown This Weekend, Revealing Location of Fictional Suburb 'Three Rocks'". nancyandsluggo.com. September 6, 2013. Retrieved September 12, 2013.
  24. Bushmiller, Ernie (January 11, 1944), Nancy, GoComics.com
  25. Bushmiller, Ernie (December 16, 1943), Nancy, GoComics.com
  26. https://www.gocomics.com/nancy/2020/03/16
  27. Rod Mickleburgh, 'Carry On, Nancy' Vancouver Sun 28 April 1976 p. 4
  28. Ernie Bushmiller, "Fritzi Ritz" Moline, Illinois Dispatch 2 February 1933, p. 14
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  30. Gilchrist, Guy (November 1, 2013), Nancy, GoComics.com, retrieved May 30, 2014
  31. Gilchrist, Guy (May 24, 2014), Nancy, GoComics.com, retrieved May 30, 2014
  32. Rod Mickleburgh, 'Carry On, Nancy' Vancouver Sun 28 April 1976 p. 4
  33. Bushmiller, Ernie (August 24, 1944), Nancy, GoComics.com
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  39. https://www.gocomics.com/nancy/2020/10/22
  40. https://www.gocomics.com/nancy/2019/07/12
  41. https://www.gocomics.com/nancy/2018/07/31
  42. https://www.gocomics.com/nancy/2020/05/19
  43. https://www.gocomics.com/nancy/2020/10/21
  44. https://www.gocomics.com/nancy/2018/05/21?ct=v&cti=196011
  45. https://www.gocomics.com/nancy/2020/10/22
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  47. https://www.gocomics.com/nancy/2020/05/18
  48. Jaimes, Olivia (February 15, 2020). "Nancy by Olivia Jaimes for February 15, 2020 | GoComics.com". GoComics. Retrieved February 15, 2020.
  49. https://www.gocomics.com/nancy/2019/05/29
  50. https://www.gocomics.com/nancy/2018/12/06
  51. https://www.gocomics.com/nancy/2020/7/10
  52. https://www.gocomics.com/nancy/2018/04/27
  53. Toonopedia entry for Oona Goosepimple
  54. Gilchrist, Guy (October 16, 2013), Nancy, GoComics.com, retrieved October 16, 2013
  55. see for instance Ernie Bushmiller "Fritzi Ritz" San Mateo Times 24 January 1933, p. 9; a 'new boyfriend' is announced in Ernie Bushmiller, "Fritzi Ritz" Tulare Advance-Register 18 February 1933, p. 4
  56. see for instance Ernie Bushmiller, "Phil Fumble", Napa Valley Register 16 July 1932 p. 12
  57. Ernie Bushmiller, "Fritzi Ritz" Moline, Illinois Dispatch 13 January 1933 p. 24
  58. Ernie Bushmiller "Fritzi Ritz" Chico Record 11 February 1933 p. 7
  59. https://www.gocomics.com/nancy/2018/06/27
  60. https://www.gocomics.com/nancy/2019/09/23
  61. Ernie Bushmiller "Fritzy Ritzi: A Catsy Trick" Tulare Advance-Register 18 January 1933 p.6
  62. Bushmiller, Ernie (May 22, 1948), Nancy, GoComics.com, retrieved October 20, 2020
  63. "Reuben Award Winners 1946–present". Archived from the original on April 20, 2012. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
  64. "A Profile of Hy Eisman" Archived November 12, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Hogan's Alley #15
  65. Lenburg, Jeff (1999). The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons. Checkmark Books. p. 113. ISBN 0-8160-3831-7. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  66. Scheimer, Lou (2015). Creating the Filmation Generation (2nd ed.). TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 157. ISBN 978-1-60549-044-1.
  67. "Lisa och Sluggo", Wikipedia (in Swedish), June 24, 2018, retrieved March 27, 2019
  68. 5-card Nancy
  69. Pastis, Stephan. "Pearls Before Swine by Stephan Pastis, May 16, 2003 Via @GoComics". GoComics. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  70. If Mickey Spillane Wrote Nancy
  71. https://www.redmeat.com/max-cannon/MeatLocker/?topic=2131682
  72. Brainard, Joe, If Nancy Was an Ashtray, JoeBrainard.org
  73. Brainard, Joe, If Nancy Was a Boy, JoeBrainard.org
  74. Brainard, Joe, If Nancy Was a da Vinci Sketch, JoeBrainard.org
  75. Brainard, Joe, Nancy Diptych, JoeBrainard.org
  76. Brainard, Joe, If Nancy Was a Painting by de Kooning, JoeBrainard.org
  77. http://frequential.blogspot.com/2019/01/roma-is-lit.html
  78. "GDC entry". Retrieved March 25, 2012.
  79. Gilchrist, Guy. "Comics RSS for Random Acts of Nancy". Comicsrss.com. Retrieved July 6, 2019.
  80. Lotshaw, John. "Random Acts of Nancy". GoComics blog. Retrieved July 6, 2019.

Further reading
  • Strickler, Dave. Syndicated Comic Strips and Artists, 1924–1995: The Complete Index. Cambria, California: Comics Access, 1995. ISBN 0-9700077-0-1.
  • Karasik, Paul and Mark Newgarden. How to Read Nancy: The Elements of Comics in Three Easy Panels. Seattle: Fantagraphics Books 2017. ISBN 9781606993613.
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