National Track and Field Hall of Fame

The National Track and Field Hall of Fame is a museum operated by The Armory Foundation in conjunction with USA Track & Field.[1] It is located within the Armory Foundation (the former Fort Washington Avenue Armory) at 216 Fort Washington Avenue, between 168th and 169th Streets, in Washington Heights, in the New York City borough of Manhattan. The stated goal of the Hall is to reflect upon, appreciate, and honor the past by saluting Americans who have made important contributions to the history of Track and Field.[2] Inductees to the Hall of Fame include athletes, coaches, contributors, officials, event directors, journalists and administrators.[3] The USA Track & Field has been inducting members into the Hall since 1974. Currently there are 249 people enshrined.[4]

Award ceremony for the National Track and Field Hall of Fame at the Jesse Owens Award banquet, 2011

History

The National Track and Field Hall of Fame was founded in Charleston, West Virginia in 1974. The museum moved to Indianapolis, Indiana in 1985 when it came under the auspices of USA Track & Field, the national governing body for the sport of track and field in the United States.[5] The Indianapolis museum closed in 1996 when the exhibits were moved for the 1996 Centennial Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. The exhibits were then displayed in Los Angeles, California before touring across the nation as a traveling museum until 2002 when The Armory building was chosen as its permanent location.[6]

Exhibits include the original 1976 Nike Waffle Trainers and a singlet and shorts worn by Hall of Famer Steve Prefontaine.[7]

Nomination criteria

The nomination criteria differs for the type of inductee as follows:

Athlete

Only open class accomplishments are considered. In order to be considered, an athlete must have participated in an open competition at least three years prior to consideration, except when an athlete has reached forty years of age, and must fall into one or more of the following criteria:[2]

  • World record holder
  • American record holder
  • World champion
  • Olympic champion;
  • World or American leader in event(s) for three or more years;
  • Winner of four or more USA national open championships; and/or
  • Other outstanding accomplishments at a national open or international open level.

Coach

To be nominated, a coach must have been retired for at least one year from active full-time coaching, except where the nominated person has coached for thirty-five (35) years or more, and must fall into the following criteria:[2]

  • Having compiled an outstanding record of coaching champions at the level coached (e.g. national open, national collegiate, state high school, etc.); and
  • Having compiled an extraordinary winning record or have achieved other outstanding accomplishments; and
  • Having coached for at least twenty (20) years.

Contributor

In order to be nominated as a Contributor, the nominee must have served the Athletics community with special distinction and worked within the athletics community in its best interests in an outstanding manner for at least twenty (20) years. Contributors may also be nominated for having achieved other outstanding accomplishments.[2]

Additional categories

Also under USATF is the Masters Hall of Fame, created in 1996 and the Officials Hall of Fame created in 2007. The membership of those two halls are selected by separate committees of those divisions of USATF for separate achievements in those divisions.[8][9] As such, there is some duplication of names. Those members currently exist as a list of honored names, but have no physical representation at the hall in New York City.

Selection process

Each February, the National Track & Field Board and Screening Committee begins to actively seek nominations which are due by May 1 each year.[10] On May 15, all nominations (including those carry-over nominations from previous years which have not been under consideration for the maximum five (5) years) are compiled by the national staff of USA Track & Field. All nominations are then reviewed by the Hall of Fame Screening Committee which is charged with forwarding the best candidates eligible to the voters. The membership of the Committee is confidential. The Committee has full authority to make nominations to create the best ballot possible.[2] The Staff Coordinator for the Hall of Fame creates the ballot of ten (10) nominees (the number of nominees may be increased for equity in gender, discipline, and era of competition or service, but will never number more than twelve (12) nominees) and accompanying documentation (biographies, etc.) by June 30.[10] The ballot is then reviewed by the President of the Hall of Fame and chair of the Screening Committee before being forwarded to the voters near the end of July. The voters include inducted Hall of Famers, the Hall of Fame committee members and selected members of the Track and Field Writers of America.[2] Each voter has one vote and any voter who fails to cast a ballot for two (2) consecutive years may be removed from the list of eligible voters until they request and cast a ballot in a subsequent year. All ballots must be returned to the accounting firm responsible for tabulation of votes by August 29.[10] In the beginning of September, Accounting firm, chair of the Screening Committee, and President of the Board review the ballots and declare the inductees who are announced later in the month.[10]

Museum
Exterior of The Armory Building where the National Track & Field Hall of Fame is located.

Located at The Armory Foundation, at 216 Fort Washington Avenue in Washington Heights, New York the museum is split into three levels. The first level contains main lobby, the Hall of Fame Theater (featuring a film simply called "Welcome to The Hall of Fame", produced by Peter Frankfurt[1]) and the Hall of Fame History Gallery, where the Olympic Moment film produced by Bud Greenspan can be viewed.[1] The second level holds the Hall of Fame Atrium, the Hall of Fame Champion Gallery and the Fred Lebow Marathon Hall . The third level holds the Hall of Fame Gallery featuring a 40-foot (12 m)-long etched glass wall with the names of all the inductees engraved upon it. Through the glass wall visitors can see the 65,000-square-foot (6,000 m2) arena that is home to the largest indoor collegiate and high school invitational events in the world.[1]

Inductees

The following table lists all persons who have been inducted into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame.

NameInduction YearCategoryRef
Abbott, Cleve 1996 Coach [11]
Abrahamson, Jesse 1981 Journalist [12]
Albritton, Dave 1980 Athlete [13]
Andersen, Roxanne 1991 Athlete [14]
Ashenfelter, Horace 1975 Athlete [15]
Ashford, Evelyn 1997 Athlete [16]
Austin, Charles 2012 Athlete [17]
Bakjian, Andy 1986 Official [18]
Banks, Willie 1999 Athlete [19]
Barney Ewell, Norwood 1986 Athlete [20]
Baskin, Weemie 1982 Coach [21]
Batten, Kim 2012 Athlete [22]
Bausch, James 1979 Athlete [23]
Beamon, Bob 1977 Athlete [24]
Beard, Percy 1981 Athlete [25]
Beatty, Jim 1990 Athlete [26]
Bell, Earl 2002 Athlete [27]
Bell, Greg 1988 Athlete [28]
Bell, Sam 1992 Coach [29]
Blozis, Al 2015 Athlete [30]
Boeckmann, Delores 1976 Athlete [31]
Borican, John 2000 Athlete [32]
Boston, Ralph 1974 Athlete [33]
Botts, Tom 1983 Coach [34]
Bowden, Don 2008 Athlete [35]
Bowerman, Bill 1981 Coach [36]
Bragg, Don 1996 Athlete [37]
Brisco, Valerie 1995 Athlete [38]
Brown, Doris 1990 Athlete [39]
Brown, Earlene 2005 Athlete [40]
Brundage, Avery 1974 Administrator [41]
Burke, Thomas 'Tom' 2014 Athlete [42]
Burleson, Dyrol 2010 Athlete [43]
Burrell, Leroy 2017 Athlete [44]
Bush, Jim 1987 Coach [45]
Calhoun, Lee 1974 Athlete [46]
Campbell, Milt 1989 Athlete [47]
Carlos, John 2003 Athlete [48]
Carnes, Jimmy 2008 Coach [49]
Carr, Bill 2008 Athlete [50]
Carr, Henry 1997 Athlete [51]
Cassell, Ollan 2006 Contributor [52]
Cawley, Rex 2006 Athlete [53]
Cheeseborough, Chandra 2000 Athlete [54]
Clark, Jearl Miles 2010 Athlete [55]
Clark, Ellery 1991 Athlete [56]
Clay, Bryan 2017 Athlete [57]
Coachman, Alice 1975 Athlete [58]
Cochran, Roy 2010 Athlete [59]
Conley, Mike 2004 Athlete [60]
Connolly, Harold 1984 Athlete [61]
Conway, Hollis 2015 Athlete [30]
Copeland, Lillian 1994 Athlete [62]
Corbitt, Theodore 'Ted' 2014 Contributor [42]
Courtney, Tom 1978 Athlete [63]
Craig, Ralph 2010 Athlete [64]
Cromwell, Dean 1974 Coach [65]
Cunningham, Glenn 1974 Athlete [66]
Curtis, William 1979 Contributor [67]
Davenport, Willie 1982 Athlete [68]
Davis, Glenn 1974 Athlete [69]
Davis, Harold 1974 Athlete [70]
Davis, Jack 2004 Athlete [71]
Davis, Otis 2004 Athlete [72]
Deal, Lance 2014 Athlete [42]
Dellinger, Bill 2000 Athlete [73]
DeMar, Clarence 2011 Athlete [74]
Dennis, Evie 2004 Contributor [75]
Devers, Gail 2011 Athlete [76]
Didriksen, Mildred 1974 Athlete [77]
Diggs, Joetta Clark 2009 Athlete [78]
Dillard, Harrison 1974 Athlete [79]
Doherty, Ken 1976 Athlete [80]
Dragila, Stacy 2014 Athlete [42]
Drake, Elvin 2007 Coach [81]
Duffey, Arthur 2012 Athlete [82]
Dumas, Charles 1990 Athlete [83]
Dunaway, James 2010 Journalist [84]
Eastman, Ben 2006 Athlete [85]
Easton, Millard 1975 Coach [86]
Edelen, Buddy 2016 Athlete [87]
Elliot, James 1981 Coach [88]
Ellis, Larry 1999 Coach [89]
Evans, Lee 1983 Athlete [90]
Ewry, Ray 1974 Athlete [91]
Faggs, Mae 1976 Athlete [92]
Farmer-Patrick, Sandra 2019 Athlete [93]
Ferrell, Barbara 1988 Athlete [94]
Ferris, Dan 1974 Administrator [95]
Feuerbach, Al 2016 Athlete [96]
Flanagan, John 1975 Athlete [97]
Forman, Ken 2009 Coach [98]
Fosbury, Dick 1981 Athlete [99]
Foster, Greg 1998 Athlete [100]
Frederick, Jane 2007 Athlete [101]
Fuchs, Jim 2005 Athlete [102]
Giegengack, Bob 1978 Coach [103]
Gill, Harry 2015 Coach [30]
Godina, John 2013 Athlete [104]
Gordien, Fortune 1979 Athlete [105]
Gray, Johnny 2008 Athlete [106]
Greene, Charles 1992 Athlete [107]
Greene, Maurice 2011 Athlete [108]
Griffith, John 1979 Administrator [109]
Griffith Joyner, Florence 1995 Athlete [110]
Hahn, Archie 1983 Athlete [111]
Hall, Evelyne 1988 Athlete [112]
Hamilton, Brutus 1974 Athlete [113]
Hammond, Kathy 2018 Athlete [114]
Hardin, Glenn 1978 Athlete [115]
Harrison, Kenny 2013 Athlete [104]
Haydon, Ted 1975 Coach [116]
Hayes, Billy 1976 Coach [117]
Hayes, Bob 1976 Athlete [118]
Haylett, Ward 1979 Coach [119]
Held, Franklin 1987 Athlete [120]
Hersh, Bob 2018 Contributor [121]
Higgins, Ralph 1982 Coach [122]
Hillman, Harry 1976 Athlete [123]
Hines, Jim 1979 Athlete [124]
Houser, Bud 1979 Athlete [125]
Hubbard, DeHart 1979 Athlete [126]
Huntsman, Stan 2004 Coach [127]
Hurt, Edward 1975 Coach [128]
Hutsell, Wilbur 1975 Coach [129]
Jackson, Nell 1989 Athlete [130]
James, Larry 2003 Athlete [131]
Jenkins, Charles 1992 Athlete [132]
Jenner, Bruce [lower-alpha 1] 1980 Athlete [134]
Jennings, Lynn 2006 Athlete [135]
Johnson, Allen 2015 Athlete [30]
Johnson, Cornelius 1994 Athlete [136]
Johnson, Michael 2004 Athlete [137]
Johnson, Rafer 1974 Athlete [138]
Jones, Hayes 1976 Athlete [139]
Jones, Thomas 1977 Coach [140]
Jordan, Payton 1982 Coach [141]
Joyner-Kersee, Jackie 2004 Athlete [142]
Kelley, John 1980 Athlete [143]
Kingdom, Roger 2005 Athlete [144]
Kiviat, Abel 1985 Athlete [145]
Kraenzlein, Alvin 1974 Athlete [146]
Laird, Ron 1986 Athlete [147]
Larrabee, Mike 2003 Athlete [148]
Larrieu, Francine 1998 Athlete [149]
Larsen, Bob 2013 Coach [104]
Lash, Don 1995 Athlete [150]
Laskau, Henry 1997 Athlete [151]
Lebow, Fred 1994 Event Director [152]
Lewis, Carl 2001 Athlete [153]
Lewis, Steve 2019 Athlete [154]
Lindgren, Gerry 2004 Athlete [155]
Liquori, Marty 1995 Athlete [156]
Littlefield, Clyde 1981 Coach [157]
Long, Dallas 1996 Athlete [158]
Mann, Ralph 2015 Athlete [30]
Manning, Madeline 1984 Athlete [159]
Marsh, Henry 2001 Athlete [160]
Mathias, Bob 1974 Athlete [161]
Matson, Randy 1984 Athlete [162]
Matthews, Vincent 2011 Athlete [163]
McCluskey, Joe 1996 Athlete [164]
McDaniel, Mildred 1983 Athlete [165]
McDonald, Pat 2012 Athlete [166]
McDonnell, John 2005 Coach [167]
McGrath, Matt 2006 Athlete [168]
McGuire, Edith 1979 Athlete [169]
Meadows, Earle 1996 Athlete [170]
Meredith, James 1982 Athlete [171]
Metcalfe, Ralph 1975 Athlete [172]
Milburn, Rod 1993 Athlete [173]
Mills, Billy 1976 Athlete [174]
Moakley, John F. 1988 Coach [175]
Montgomery, Eleanor 2013 Athlete [104]
Moore, Charles 1999 Athlete [176]
Moore, Tom 1988 Event Director [177]
Morris, Glenn 2007 Athlete [178]
Morrow, Bobby 1975 Athlete [179]
Mortensen, Jess 1992 Coach [180]
Moses, Edwin 1994 Athlete [181]
Murphy, Mike 1974 Coach [182]
Myers, Laurence 1974 Athlete [183]
Myricks, Larry 2001 Athlete [184]
Nehemiah, Renaldo 1997 Athlete [185]
Nelson, Albert 1991 Contributor [186]
Nelson, Cordner 1988 Contributor [187]
Nieder, Bill 2006 Athlete [188]
O'Brien, Dan 2006 Athlete [189]
O'Brien, William 1974 Athlete [190]
Oerter, Al 1974 Athlete [191]
Osborn, Harold 1974 Athlete [192]
Owens, Jesse 1974 Athlete [193]
Paddock, Charley 1976 Athlete [194]
Patton, Mel 1985 Athlete [195]
Peacock, Eulace 1987 Athlete [196]
Pennel, John 2004 Athlete [197]
Phillips, Andre 2009 Athlete [198]
Phillips, Dwight 2018 Athlete [199]
Powell, John 2019 Athlete [200]
Powell, Mike 2005 Athlete [201]
Prefontaine, Steve 1976 Athlete [202]
Price-Smith, Connie 2016 Athlete [203]
Prinstein, Meyer 2000 Athlete [204]
Ray, Joie 1976 Athlete [205]
Remigino, Lindy 2017 Athlete [206]
Reynolds, Butch 2016 Athlete [207]
Rice, Greg 1977 Athlete [208]
Richards, Bob 1975 Athlete [209]
Ritter, Louise 1995 Athlete [210]
Robinson, Arnie 2000 Athlete [211]
Robinson, Elizabeth 1977 Athlete [212]
Rodgers, Bill 1999 Athlete [213]
Rose, Ralph 1976 Athlete [214]
Rosen, Melvin 1995 Coach [215]
Rudolph, Wilma 1974 Athlete [216]
Ryun, Jim 1980 Athlete [217]
Ryan, Patrick 'Pat' or 'Paddy' 2014 Athlete [42]
Salazar, Alberto 2001 Athlete [218]
Samuelson, Joan 2004 Athlete [219]
Santee, Wes 2005 Athlete [220]
Schmertz, Fred 2012 Contributor [221]
Schmertz, Howard 2012 Contributor [222]
Schmidt, Kate 1994 Athlete [223]
Scholz, Jackson 1977 Athlete [224]
Schul, Bob 1991 Athlete [225]
Scott, Steve 2002 Athlete [226]
Seagren, Bob 1986 Athlete [227]
Seidler, Maren 2000 Athlete [228]
Sheppard, Mel 1976 Athlete [229]
Sheridan, Martin 1988 Athlete [230]
Shiley, Jean 1993 Athlete [231]
Shorter, Frank 1989 Athlete [232]
Silvester, Jay 1998 Athlete [233]
Sime, Dave 1981 Athlete [234]
Simpson, Robert 1974 Athlete [235]
Slaney, Mary 2003 Athlete [236]
Smith, Calvin 2007 Athlete [237]
Smith, Tommie 1978 Athlete [238]
Snyder, Larry 1978 Coach [239]
Squires, Bill 2017 Coach [240]
Stanfield, Andy 1977 Athlete [241]
Steers, Les 1974 Athlete [242]
Steele, Willie 2009 Athlete [243]
Stephens, Helen 1975 Athlete [244]
Stones, Dwight 1998 Athlete [245]
Sullivan, James 1977 Administrator [246]
Taylor, Frederick 2000 Athlete [247]
Temple, Ed 1989 Coach [248]
Templeton, Dink 1976 Coach [249]
Tewksbury, Walter 1996 Athlete [250]
Thomas, John 1985 Athlete [251]
Thompson, Fred 2019 Coach [252]
Thomson, Earl 1977 Athlete [253]
Thorpe, Jim 1975 Athlete [254]
Timmons, Bob 2011 Coach [255]
Tolan, Eddie 1982 Athlete [256]
Toomey, Bill 1975 Athlete [257]
Torrance, Jack 2015 Athlete [30]
Torrence, Gwen 2002 Athlete [258]
Towns, Forrest 1976 Athlete [259]
Tyus, Wyomia 1980 Athlete [260]
Van Wolvelaere-Weirich, Patty 2017 Athlete [261]
Virgin, Craig 2011 Athlete [262]
Walker, LeRoy 1983 Coach [263]
Walsh, Stella 1975 Athlete [264]
Warmerdam, Cornelius 1974 Athlete [265]
Watson, Martha 1987 Athlete [266]
Wefers, Bernie 2008 Athlete [267]
White, Willye 1981 Athlete [268]
Whitfield, Mal 1974 Athlete [269]
Wilkins, Mac 1993 Athlete [270]
Williams, Archie 1992 Athlete [271]
Williams, Randy 2009 Athlete [272]
Williams, Steve 2013 Athlete [104]
Wilt, Fred 1981 Athlete [273]
Winter, Lloyd 1985 Coach [274]
Wohlhuter, Rick 1990 Athlete [275]
Wolcott, Fred 2005 Athlete [276]
Wolfe, Vern 1996 Coach [277]
Woodruff, John 1978 Athlete [278]
Woods, George 2007 Athlete [279]
Wottle, Dave 1982 Athlete [280]
Wright, Stan 1993 Coach [281]
Wykoff, Frank 1977 Athlete [282]
Yancey, Joe 1984 Coach [283]
Young, George 1981 Athlete [284]
Young, Kevin 2006 Athlete [285]
Young, Larry 2002 Athlete [286]
Zarnowski, Frank 2016 Contributor [287]

Notes
  1. In 2015 Jenner's name changed to Caitlyn as a part of her gender transition.[133]

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  100. "Greg Foster". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  101. "Jane Frederick". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  102. "Jim Fuchs". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  103. "Bob Giegengack". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
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  105. "Fortune Gordien". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  106. "Johnny Gray". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved May 17, 2009.
  107. "Charles Greene". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  108. "Maurice Greene". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
  109. "John Griffith". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  110. "Florence Griffith Joyner". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  111. "Archie Hahn". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  112. "Evelyne Hall (Adams)". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  113. "Brutus Hamilton". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  114. "USA Track & Field - Olympic medalists Dwight Phillips, Kathy Hammond and longtime contributor Bob Hersh named to National".
  115. "Glenn Hardin". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  116. "Ted Haydon". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  117. "Billy Hayes". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  118. "Bob Hayes". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  119. "Ward Haylett". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  120. "Franklin (BudHeld". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  121. "USA Track & Field - Olympic medalists Dwight Phillips, Kathy Hammond and longtime contributor Bob Hersh named to Nationa".
  122. "Ralph Higgins". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  123. "Harry Hillman". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  124. "Jim Hines". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  125. "Clarence (Bud) Houser". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  126. "DeHart Hubbard". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  127. "Stan Huntsman". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  128. "Edward Hurt". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  129. "Wilbur Hutsell". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  130. "Nell Jackson". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  131. "Larry James". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  132. "Charlie Jenkins". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  133. Buzz Bissinger (June 1, 2015). "Introducing Caitlyn Jenner". Vanity Fair. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
  134. "Bruce Jenner". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  135. "Lynn Jennings". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  136. "Cornelius Johnson". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  137. "Michael Johnson". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  138. "Rafer Johnson". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  139. "Hayes Jones". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  140. "Thomas Jones". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  141. "Payton Jordan". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  142. "Jackie Joyner-Kersee". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  143. "John A. Kelley". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  144. "Roger Kingdom". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  145. "Abel Kiviat". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  146. "Alvin Kraenzlein". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  147. "Ron Laird". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  148. "Mike Larrabee". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  149. "Francine Larrieu (Smith)". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  150. "Don Lash". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  151. "Henry Laskau". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  152. "Fred Lebow". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  153. "Carl Lewis". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
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  155. "Gerry Lindgren". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  156. "Marty Liquori". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  157. "Clyde Littlefield". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  158. "Dallas Long". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  159. "Madeline Manning (Mims)". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  160. "Henry Marsh". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  161. "Bob Mathias". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  162. "Randy Matson". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  163. "Vincent Matthews". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
  164. "Joe McCluskey". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  165. "Mildred (Tex) McDaniel". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  166. "Pat McDonald". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
  167. "John McDonnell". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  168. "Matt McGrath". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  169. "Edith McGuire". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  170. "Earle Meadows". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  171. "James (Ted) Meredith". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  172. "Ralph Metcalfe". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  173. "Rod Milburn". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  174. "Billy Mills". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  175. "John (Jack) Moakley". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  176. "Charles Moore". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  177. "Tom Moore". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  178. "Glenn Morris". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  179. "Bobby Morrow". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  180. "Jess Mortensen". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  181. "Edwin Moses". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  182. "Michael Murphy". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  183. "Laurence (Lon) Myers". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  184. "Larry Myricks". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  185. "Renaldo Nehemiah". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  186. "Albert (Bert) Nelson". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  187. "Cordner Nelson". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  188. "Bill Nieder". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  189. "Dan O'Brien". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  190. "William (Parry) O'Brien". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  191. "Al Oerter". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  192. "Harold Osborn". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  193. "Jesse Owens". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  194. "Charlie Paddock". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  195. "Mel Patton". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  196. "Eulace Peacock". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  197. "John Pennel". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  198. "Andre Phillips". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
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  201. "Mike Powell". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  202. "Steve Prefontaine". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  203. "USA Track & Field - Connie Price-Smith".
  204. "Meyer Prinstein". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  205. "Joie Ray". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  206. "Lindy Remigino". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
  207. "USA Track & Field - Butch Reynolds".
  208. "Greg Rice". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  209. "Bob Richards". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  210. "Louise Ritter". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  211. "Arnie Robinson". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  212. "Elizabeth (Betty) Robinson (Schwartz)". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  213. "Bill Rodgers". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  214. "Ralph Rose". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  215. "Melvin (Mel) Rosen". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  216. "Wilma Rudolph". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  217. "Jim Ryun". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  218. "Alberto Salazar". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  219. "Joan Samuelson (Benoit)". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  220. "Wes Santee". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  221. "Fred Schmertz". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
  222. "Howard Schmertz". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
  223. "Kate (Kate the Great) Schmidt". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  224. "Jackson Scholz". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  225. "Bob Schul". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  226. "Steve Scott". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  227. "Bob Seagren". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  228. "Maren Seidler". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  229. "Mel (Peerless Mel) Sheppard". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  230. "Martin Sheridan". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  231. "Jean Shiley". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  232. "Frank Shorter". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  233. "Jay Silvester". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  234. "Dave Sime". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  235. "Robert Simpson". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  236. "Mary Slaney (Decker)". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  237. "Calvin Smith". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  238. "Tommie Smith". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  239. "Larry Snyder". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  240. "Bill Squires". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
  241. "Andy Stanfield". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  242. "Les Steers". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  243. "Willie Steele". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved May 17, 2009.
  244. "Helen Stephens". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  245. "Dwight Stones". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  246. "James Sullivan". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  247. "Frederick Morgan Taylor". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  248. "Ed Temple". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  249. "Robert Lyman (Dink) Templeton". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  250. "Walter Tewskbury". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  251. "John Thomas". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  252. https://www.usatf.org/athlete-bios/fred-thompson
  253. "Earl Thomson". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  254. "Jim Thorpe". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  255. "Bob Timmons". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
  256. "Eddie Tolan". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  257. "Bill Toomey". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  258. "Gwen Torrence". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  259. "Forrest Towns". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  260. "Wyomia Tyus". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  261. "Patty Weirich". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
  262. "Craig Virgin". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
  263. "LeRoy Walker". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  264. "Stella Walsh". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  265. "Cornelius (Dutch) Warmerdam". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  266. "Martha Watson". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  267. "Bernie Wefers". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved May 17, 2009.
  268. "Willye White". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  269. "Mal (Marvelous Mal) Whitfield". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  270. "Mac Wilkins". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  271. "Archie Williams". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  272. "Randy Williams". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved May 17, 2009.
  273. "Fred Wilt". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  274. "Lloyd (Bud) Winter". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  275. "Rick Wohlhuter". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  276. "Fred Wolcott". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  277. "Vern Wolfe". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  278. "John Woodruff". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  279. "George Woods". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  280. "Dave Wottle". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  281. "Stan Wright". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  282. "Frank Wykoff". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  283. "Joe Yancey". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  284. "George Young". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  285. "Kevin Young". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  286. "Larry Young". usatf.org. USA Track & Field, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  287. http://www.usatf.org/Athlete-Bios/Hall-of-Fame/2016-Hall-of-Fame-Bios/Zarnowski-Frank.aspx. Missing or empty |title= (help)

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