Nenthead
Nenthead in the county of Cumbria is one of England's highest villages, at around 1,500 feet (457 m).[1] It was not built until the middle of the 18th century and was one of the earliest purpose-built industrial villages in Britain. Nenthead was a major centre for lead and silver mining in the North Pennines of Britain. The first smelt mill was built at Nenthead in 1737 by George Liddle, and this was subsequently expanded by the London Lead Company. By 1882 the smelt mill was capable of smelting 8,000 bings, i.e., 64,000 long hundredweight (3,300 t), of ore per annum.[2]
| Nenthead | |
|---|---|
 Nenthead Mines, seen in October 2013. The mines centre is run by volunteers. | |
| OS grid reference | NY785435 |
| Civil parish | |
| District | |
| Shire county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | ALSTON |
| Postcode district | CA9 |
| Dialling code | 01434 |
| Police | Cumbria |
| Fire | Cumbria |
| Ambulance | North West |
| UK Parliament | |
Nenthead in 1861 was a bustling village of some 2,000 people, mostly Methodist and employed by the Quaker-owned London Lead Company in the Nenthead Mines - some of the most productive in the country. The benevolent Quakers built, amongst other things, housing, a school, a reading room, public baths and a wash-house for the miners and their families. Nenthead was the first village in the UK to have electric street lighting from excess power generated by the mines.
For many mine explorers Nenthead is a mecca as many miles of accessible mines remain. It features some of the most stunning mines in the country with several horse whims and a 260 feet (79 m) engine shaft in Rampghill. The mines closed in 1961 and there is a heritage centre displaying their history.
The economy of the village relies on tourism and it is the headquarters of Wright Bros Coaches Limited a bus & coach operator.[3] England's most popular long distance cycle route, the C2C, passes through Nenthead. The Grade 2 listed Wesleyan Methodist chapel has not been used since 2002 but a recent Heritage Lottery Grant of £134,500 has raised hopes of it becoming a cafe and community hub.[4] The post office and community shop occupies the building which was once a reading room for the miners.
Nenthead is around 4.4 miles (7.1 km) east of Alston, 44.3 miles (71.3 km) west of Newcastle upon Tyne, 34.4 miles (55.4 km) south east of Carlisle, 24 miles (38.6 km) east of Penrith, and 20.5 miles (33.0 km) east of Hexham.
County Council subsidies have maintained limited bus services for the village to Alston and beyond. However, in 2014 cuts to these subsidies were being discussed, threatening the existence of bus services for the village.[5]
Governance
Nenthead is in the parliamentary constituency of Penrith and the Border. Neil Hudson was elected its Conservative Member of Parliament at the 2019 General Election, replacing Rory Stewart.
Before Brexit, its residents were covered by the North West England European Parliamentary Constituency.
For Local Government purposes it is in the Alston Moor Ward of Eden District Council and the Alston and East Fellside Ward of Cumbria County Council.
Nenthead does not have its own parish council, instead it is part of Alston Moor Parish Council.[6]
Zinc deposits
In 2013 the Canadian mining company Minco sank 1,640 feet (500 m) deep boreholes in an effort to discover the extent of zinc deposits beneath Nenthead. Although test drilling could go on for several years, the company believes that the village may be sited on huge deposits of the chemical element. The zinc is 490 feet (149 m) below the surface and was previously too deep to reach by old mining techniques.[7]
Climate
Owing to its northerly latitude of 55° N and altitude of 437 m AMSL, Nenthead yields one of the coldest, and likewise snowiest climates in England; yielding a borderline subpolar oceanic climate (Cfc) and cool oceanic climate (Cfb). The average annual temperature in Nenthead is 6.5 °C; 1,095 mm of precipitation falls annually; chiefly in winter as heavy snowfall, and in autumn.
| Climate data for Nenthead, Cumbria | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 3.3 (37.9) |
3.7 (38.7) |
6.2 (43.2) |
9.2 (48.6) |
12.8 (55.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
17.4 (63.3) |
16.9 (62.4) |
14.3 (57.7) |
10.9 (51.6) |
6.6 (43.9) |
4.2 (39.6) |
10.1 (50.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −2.1 (28.2) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
1.3 (34.3) |
4.1 (39.4) |
7.3 (45.1) |
8.9 (48.0) |
8.5 (47.3) |
6.7 (44.1) |
4.1 (39.4) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
3.0 (37.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 114 (4.5) |
79 (3.1) |
93 (3.7) |
70 (2.8) |
71 (2.8) |
72 (2.8) |
76 (3.0) |
97 (3.8) |
95 (3.7) |
100 (3.9) |
112 (4.4) |
116 (4.6) |
1,095 (43.1) |
| Source: | |||||||||||||
See also
References
- http://www.eden.gov.uk/EasySiteWeb/GatewayLink.aspx?alId=30614Cached%5B%5D
- p178 Fairbairn (1993) The Mines of Alston Moor.
- Wright Brothers
- Cumberland and Westmoreland Herald 8 March 2014 page 2 'High Sheriff's stamp of approval for Nenthead plan'
- The Cumberland News 25 July 2014 'Keep bus services or we'll be stranded': 'Fears remote areas will be more isolated'.The report cites the subsidies provided by Cumbria CC; 'Each year the 680 service from Nenthead to Carlisle and the 889 from Nenthead to Hexham, that runs only on a Tuesday, cost the council £22,953 and £2,264 respectively'. The CC has no statutory duty to subsidise transport.
- "Alston Moor Parish Council".
- The Independent (Accessed 12 January 2014) Gives details of possible zinc deposits.
External links
Media related to Nenthead at Wikimedia Commons