Nevrorthidae

The Nevrorthidae, often incorrectly spelled "Neurorthidae", are a small family of winged insects of the order Neuroptera. Extant species may be described as living fossils. There are 19 extant species in four genera, with a geographically disjunct distribution, Nevrorthus, comprising 5 species with scattered distributions around the Mediterranean, Austroneurorthus with two species known from southeastern Australia, Nipponeurorthus comprising 11 species known from China and Japan, and Sinoneurorthus known from a single species described from Yunnan Province, China.[1] They were at one time placed in the Osmyloidea, with the Osmylidae and the spongillaflies (Sisyridae) as their closest relatives, but nowadays they are considered to be the most ancient lineage of living lacewings. Sometimes they are placed in a suborder Nevrorthiformia, but the quite basal position of the family is probably better expressed by placing them directly in the Neuroptera, without assigning the subordinal rank.[2]

Nevrorthidae
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous–recent
Nevrorthus apatelios (top) Nipponeurorthus fuscinervis (bottom left) Sinoneurorthus yunnanicus (bottom right)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Neuroptera
Family:
Nevrorthidae

Nakahara, 1915
Genera

Austroneurorthus
Nevrorthus
Nipponeurorthus
Sinoneurorthus

Synonyms

Neurorthidae (lapsus)
Nevrorthiformia

Apart from the mere four living genera, several genera are known from the Eocene aged Baltic amber. The oldest known member of the family is Cretarophalis from the earliest Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) aged Burmese amber of Myanmar.[3][4]

Taxonomy

After[1]

  • Nevrorthus Costa, 1863
    • Nevrorthus apatelios H. Aspöck, U. Aspöck & Hölzel, 1977 Balkans, Italy
    • Nevrorthus fallax (Rambur, 1842) Sardinia and Corsica
    • Nevrorthus hannibal U. Aspöck & H. Aspöck, 1983 Tunisia, Algeria
    • Nevrorthus iridipennis Costa, 1863 Calabria, Sicily
    • Nevrorthus reconditus Monserrat & Gavira, 2014 Malaga, Spain
  • Genus Austroneurorthus Nakahara, 1958
    • Austroneurorthus brunneipennis (Esben-Petersen, 1929) New South Wales, Queensland, Australia
    • Austroneurorthus horstaspoecki U. Aspöck, 2004 Victoria, New South Wales, Australia
  • Genus Nipponeurorthus Nakahara, 1958
    • Nipponeurorthus damingshanicus Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2014 Guangxi, China
    • Nipponeurorthus fasciatus Nakahara, 1958 China (Taiwan)
    • Nipponeurorthus flinti U. Aspöck & H. Aspöck, 2008 Japan (Okinawa, Amamioshima).
    • Nipponeurorthus furcatus Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2014 China (Yunnan)
    • Nipponeurorthus fuscinervis (Nakahara, 1915) Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)
    • Nipponeurorthus multilineatus Nakahara, 1966 China (Taiwan).
    • Nipponeurorthus pallidinervis Nakahara, 1958 Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Tsushima Island).
    • Nipponeurorthus punctatus (Nakahara, 1915) Japan (Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu).
    • Nipponeurorthus qinicus Yang in Chen, 1998 China (Shaanxi).
    • Nipponeurorthus tianmushanus Yang & Gao, 2001 China (Zhejiang).
    • Nipponeurorthus tinctipennis Nakahara, 1958 Japan (Yakushima Island).
  • Genus Sinoneurorthus Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2012
    • Sinoneurorthus yunnanicus Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2012, Yunnan, China

Extinct genera
  • †Balticoneurorthus Wichard 2016 Baltic amber, Eocene
  • †Cretarophalis Wichard 2017 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • †Electroneurorthus Wichard et al. 2010 Baltic amber, Eocene
  • †Palaeoneurorthus Wichard 2009 Baltic amber, Eocene
  • †Rophalis Pictet 1854 Baltic amber, Rovno amber, Eocene

Footnotes
  1. Aspöck, Ulrike; Aspöck, Horst; Liu, Xingyue (2017-08-03). "The Nevrorthidae, mistaken at all times: phylogeny and review of present knowledge (Holometabola, Neuropterida, Neuroptera)". Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 64 (2): 77–110. doi:10.3897/dez.64.13028. ISSN 1860-1324.
  2. See references in Haaramo (2008)
  3. Engel & Grimaldi (2007)
  4. Wilfried Wichard (2017). "Family Nevrorthidae (Insecta, Neuroptera) in Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber". Palaeodiversity. 10 (1): 1–5. doi:10.18476/pale.v10.a1.

References
  • Engel, Michael S. & Grimaldi, David A. (2007): The neuropterid fauna of Dominican and Mexican amber (Neuropterida, Megaloptera, Neuroptera). American Museum Novitates 3587: 1-58. PDF fulltext


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