Ophthalmosaurinae

Ophthalmosaurinae is an extinct subfamily of ophthalmosaurid thunnosaur ichthyosaurs from the Middle Jurassic to the late Early Cretaceous (Bajocian - Albian) of Europe, North America and South America. Currently, the oldest and the basalmost known ophthalmosaurine is Mollesaurus from the early Bajocian of Argentina. Ophthalmosaurines were characterized by a large extracondylar area of the basioccipital in the form of a thick and concave peripheral band, posterodistally deflected ulnar facet of the humerus, large ulna with concave and edgy posterior surface and ischiopubis with obturator foramen.[1]

Ophthalmosaurines
Temporal range: Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, 171.6–99.6 Ma
Ophthalmosaurus icenicus skeleton at Natural History Museum, London
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Ichthyosauria
Family: Ophthalmosauridae
Subfamily: Ophthalmosaurinae
Baur, 1887
Genera

Phylogeny

Ophthalmosaurus

Ophthalmosaurinae was named in 1887 by George H. Baur. It is a stem-based taxon defined phylogenetically for the first time by Fischer et al. (2012) as "all taxa closer to Ophthalmosaurus icenicus than to Platypterygius hercynicus". The cladogram below follows Fischer et al. 2012.[1]

Ophthalmosauridae 

Arthropterygius chrisorum

Platypterygiinae

 Ophthalmosaurinae 

Mollesaurus periallus

Ophthalmosaurus icenicus

Baptanodon natans

Acamptonectes densus

The following cladogram shows Ophthalmosaurinae according to the analysis performed by Jacobs and Martill (2020).[2]

Ophthalmosauria

Platypterygiinae

Ophthalmosaurinae

Acamptonectes densus

Mollesaurus periallus

Ophthalmosaurus natans (=Baptanodon)

Ophthalmosaurus icenicus

Gengasaurus nicosiai

"Nannopterygius" borealis

Thalassodraco etchesi

Nannopterygius enthekiodon

Nannopterygius saveljeviensis (=Paraophthalmosaurus)

Nannopterygius yasykovi (=Yasykovia)

Arthropterygius volgensis

Arthropterygius thalassonotus

Arthropterygius lundi (=Janusaurus)

Arthropterygius hoybergeti (=Palvennia)

Arthropterygius chrisorum

References

  1. Valentin Fischer; Michael W. Maisch; Darren Naish; Ralf Kosma; Jeff Liston; Ulrich Joger; Fritz J. Krüger; Judith Pardo Pérez; Jessica Tainsh; Robert M. Appleby (2012). "New Ophthalmosaurid Ichthyosaurs from the European Lower Cretaceous Demonstrate Extensive Ichthyosaur Survival across the Jurassic–Cretaceous Boundary". PLOS ONE. 7 (1): e29234. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...729234F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029234. PMC 3250416. PMID 22235274.
  2. Jacobs, Megan L.; Martill, David M. (2020). "A new ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from the Upper Jurassic (Early Tithonian) Kimmeridge Clay of Dorset, UK, with implications for Late Jurassic ichthyosaur diversity". PLOS ONE. 15 (12): e0241700. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241700. PMC 7725355. PMID 33296370.


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