Oswaldo Vigas

Oswaldo Vigas (August 4, 1926 – April 22, 2014) was a Venezuelan artist, best known as a painter and muralist. His work includes painting, sculpture, prints, drawings, ceramics and tapestries. His artwork was created between France and Venezuela, and it's an original synthesis of the cultural roots of Latin America and the latest artistic currents of modernity. He has had over one hundred solo exhibitions and is represented in numerous public institutions and private collections around the world. He is predominantly recognized as a self-taught artist and painter.[1]

Oswaldo Vigas
Oswaldo Vigas at his studio (2013).
Born(1926-08-04)August 4, 1926
Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela
DiedApril 22, 2014(2014-04-22) (aged 87)
Caracas, Capital District, Venezuela
EducationUniversidad de los Andes,
École des Beaux-Arts,
Sorbonne
Alma materUniversidad Central de Venezuela
Movementlate Modernism

Early life and education

Oswaldo Vigas was born in Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela on August 4, 1926. He identified as mestizo, a term for a person of mixed indigenous and Spanish heritage.[1] He started painting at age 12 when his father died, mostly paintings featuring the human body.[2]

He went to college and studied medicine at the University of the Andes (Venezuela) (Universidad de los Andes) and at the Universidad Central de Venezuela in Caracas, hoping to be a pediatrician. He received a degree in 1951.[3] While studying, he took several art classes at the Taller Libre de Artes, and attended the Escuela de Artes Plásticas Cristóbal Rojas, where he became acquainted with painters like Manuel Cabré and Pedro Ángel González, among others.

His early paintings focus on the human figure – mostly a female figure – pre-announcing the theme that would remain a constant throughout his career: the witches (brujas). His works became gestural and he took an interest in pre-Columbian cultures and pottery, specifically Venus de Tacarigua figurines.[1][3] Progressively, he departed from conventional depictions as his line became visceral and concerned with pre-Columbian representation, which would marked a milestone in his works.

The witch series of paintings was very controversial and polarizing, they won him three important art prizes in Venezuela.[2] In 1952 he received the National Visual Arts Award for his painting La gran bruja (1951) and had a major solo exhibition at the Museo de Bellas Artes (Museum of Fine Arts) in Caracas.[1][3] One of these prize granted him a plane ticket to Paris, where he relocated the same year, in 1952.[1][2]

Work

Paris

When Vigas arrived in Paris he studied at the École des Beaux-Arts[1] and took open courses at the Sorbonne. While in Paris, he was commissioned to produce five mosaic murals that were to become part of the Universidad Central de Venezuela, declared a World Heritage Cultural Site by UNESCO in 2000, a great example of the total integration of art and architecture, conceived by Architect Carlos Raúl Villanueva[4] que el artista realizó en París.,[5] with the participation of national and international artists such as Jean Arp, Alexander Calder, Wifredo Lam, Fernand Léger, Mateo Manaure, Alejandro Otero, Víctor Valera, and Victor Vasarely, among others.

During most of the 1950s, his works shifted away from the human figure towards constructivism and abstraction. In 1953, he participated in the I São Paulo Biennial and in a group show at the Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, among other exhibitions. Between 1953 and 1958, the artist exhibited regularly in France and Venezuela. In 1954, he represented Venezuela at the XXVII Venice Biennale, and was part of the Painters of Venezuela traveling exhibition at the Pan-American Union, sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.

Mural at Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1954

During the late 1950s to mid 1960s, while still living in France, Vigas was invited to participate at an important survey about Latin American art in which he was awarded first prize: the Gulf-Caribbean Art Exhibition, curated by Lee Malone at The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. This exhibition traveled later to the Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, The institute of Contemporary Art, Boston; The Munson-Williams Proctor Institute, Utica, The Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, and the Colorado Springs Fine Art Center. Also, he had exhibitions at the Slater Memorial Museum of Norwich, Connecticut and the University of Nebraska Art Gallery, and participated in the Contemporary Drawings from Latin America show at the Pan-American Union in Washington, D.C. He was included in another large survey exhibition, South American Art Today, curated by José Gómez Sicre at the Dallas Museum of Fine Arts. Well versed in anthropology and primitive cultures, influenced by a visit to Picasso in 1955, Vigas channeled his works of the 1950s into a search for an authentic language, combining gestural, geometric and figurative paintings that led him progressively to reveal his connection with early cultures, and for the notion of a personal identity marked by telluric, magical and personal imaginative resources found in his works from the 1960s onward.

He lived in Paris for twelve years and made many friends including Fernand Léger, Max Ernst, Wifredo Lam,[2] and it's where he met Janine, his French born wife and lifelong companion. In 1964 he moved back to Valencia, Venezuela, along with Janine, and continued to exhibit his work thoroughly throughout the country. In 1967, his son Lorenzo was born, and in 1970, he relocated to Caracas.

Venezuela

The 1960s marked the artist's informalist period; his thick black lines dissolved the figure into abstract volumes and shapes. Soon after his arrival in Venezuela, he was named Cultural Director of the Universidad de Los Andes. Without relinquishing his unstoppable work as an artist, he accepted an appointment as Artistic Director of the Instituto Nacional de Cultura y Bellas Artes (INCIBA), promoting the work of artists and exhibitions, as well as contributing to the creation of national Salons and awards to help artists from around the country. He remained in office until 1972.

From the mid 60's onwards, Vigas work progressively shifted back from informalism to a new figurative phase, in which abstract shapes began to look like figures once again. In 1976, he was part of the group show Latin Excellence Contemporary Hispanic Art, Xerox Corporation Center, New York, along with Matta, Canogar, Orozco, and others. In the 1980s, he participated in the Chicago International Art Exhibition, Navy Pier, Chicago; Venezuelan Art Today, 350 Years, traveling to Boston, Washington and New York; 30 artistas andinos latinoamericanos, at the Pittsburgh Museum, and The Latin American Graphic Arts Biennial, at the Museum of Contemporary Hispanic Art in New York. Also during the 1980s, Vigas produced a series of tapestries and ceramic works, and his first bronze-cast sculptures.

In 1990, the Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Caracas Sofía Imber organized a major retrospective of his works, showcasing not only paintings and sculptures but also tapestries, ceramics and jewelry. Lagoven, the oil company and subsidiary of PDVSA, produced a documentary film about his work.

In 1992 the city of Monte Carlo honored him with the Prince Rainier Grand Prize, and the Monnaie de Paris, organized a large retrospective, Oswaldo Vigas, from 1952 to 1993, showcasing one hundred and thirty two works comprising paintings, ceramics and sculptures.

During his later years, Vigas continued to work and exhibit worldwide, gaining further international recognition. In 2012 he was invited to participate in the Un Coeur, un Monde group show that traveled through France, the United States, Vietnam, Australia, Brazil and Japan. He was also invited to exhibit at The Latin American & Caribbean Contemporary Art Today survey at the Miura Museum of Art, Tokyo, Japan. Oswaldo Vigas was one of the most prominent and prolific artists of his generation in Venezuela.

In 2008, he was designated Commandeur de l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres de France.

Death and legacy

Vigas died on 22 April 2014 in Caracas, aged 87.[6] His wife Janine Vigas and his son Lorenzo, (director, screenwriter and film producer) survive him.[6]

The Oswaldo Vigas Foundation (Fundación Oswaldo Vigas) was created to continue to expand his art legacy worldwide.[2][7] A major anthological exhibition travelled throughout the Americas to Peru, Chile, and Colombia, titled Oswaldo Vigas Anthological 1943- 2013.

Controversy

Many decades of Vigas work feature a clear influence from indigenous art of South America and Venus de Tacarigua figurines, it has been questioned if this work is a body of abstraction or rather cultural appropriation.[3] This issue is similar to Picasso's African Period and the use of African masks in his work.[3]

Awards and honors

He received a Doctor Honoris Causa degree from the Universidad de Los Andes in 1999, and from the Universidad Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho (UGMA), in Barcelona, Venezuela.

Vigas received the International Association of Art Critics Award twice, in 2008 and 2014; in 2004, he was the recipient of the Latin Union Award in Washington, DC.

Exhibitions

Solo exhibitions

A major anthological exhibition of Vigas' work traveled throughout the Americas. The first installment of Oswaldo Vigas Anthological: 1943- 2013 was held at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Lima, Peru; the show then traveled to the National Museum of Fine Arts in Santiago, Chile, and it will open in Bogotá, Colombia in July 2015.[3]

This is a listing of select exhibitions of Vigas.

Year Title Location Notes
2019 Oswaldo Vigas: Transformations Tampa Museum of Art, Tampa, Florida, United States [8]
2018 Oswaldo Vigas: Transformations Grand Rapids Art Museum, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States [1][9]
2016Oswaldo Vigas Antológica 1943–2013 Museum of Contemporary Art at the University of São Paulo (Museu de Arte Contemporânea), São Paulo, Brazil [3][10]
2015Oswaldo Vigas Antológica 1943–2013 Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago, Chile
2015 Donación Oswaldo Vigas Museo Jean Lurçat et de la Tapisserie Contemporaine (Jean-Lurçat Museum and Contemporary Tapestry), Angers, France [11]
2014Oswaldo Vigas: transfigurations Dillon Gallery, New York, New York, United States [12]
2014 Homenaje a Oswaldo Vigas Galería de Arte Nacional, Caracas, Venezuela
2014 Oswaldo Vigas Antológica 1943–2013 Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Lima, Lima, Peru [2]
2014 Oswaldo Vigas Antológica 1943–2013 Museo de Arte Moderno, Bogotá, Colombia This was the first location of the traveling exhibition.[7]
2012 El dibujo en la obra de Oswaldo Vigas, 1940-2012 Gabinete del Dibujo y la Estampa de Valencia, Venezuela. Retrospective exhibition that included 100 works.
2012 Feria Iberoamericana de Arte de Caracas, FIA 2012 Galería de Arte Ascaso, Galería Medicci and 700 Arte of Maracaibo.
2012 Exposición de arte iberoamericano Madrid, Spain Exhibition to mark of the celebration of the two hundred years of the establishment of the Supreme Court of Spain.
2011Oswaldo Vigas. Mérida, Paris, Caracas. Peintures Centre d´Art Villa Tamaris, La Seyne-sur-mer, France Retrospective exhibition that included 170 works.
2011 Feria Iberoamericana de Arte de Caracas, FIA 2011 Galería de Arte Ascaso and Galería Medicci
2010Oswaldo Vigas. De brujas a curanderas Parque Fernando Peñalver, Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela
2009Mujeres, mujeres y mujeres, Alianza Francesa based in La Castellana Caracas, Venezuela
2009 Oswaldo Vigas en InterValores InterValores, Chacao, Caracas, Venezuela
2007Oswaldo Vigas: pasión por la creación, (March) Galería Corporación Andina de Fomento (CAF), Caracas, Venezuela
2007 Tierra y fuego Fundación Banco Provincial, Caracas, Venezuela
2005 Oswaldo Vigas: grabados recientes French Alliance (Alianza Francesa), Caracas, Venezuela
2005 Oswaldo Vigas: sortilèges des tropiques Museo Jean Lurçat et de la Tapisserie Contemporaine, Angers, France
2004Ideografías de Paris, 1952–1957, Oswaldo Vigas Museo de Arte Contemporáneo del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
2003Oswaldo Vigas, recuerdos del presente Galería de Arte Ascaso, Caracas, Venezuela
2002Ideografías de Paris, 1952–1957, Oswaldo Vigas Tenji Gallery, Tokyo, Japan
2002 Ideografías de Paris, 1952–1957, Oswaldo Vigas Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Caracas Sofía Imber, Caracas, Venezuela
1998Oswaldo Vigas, painting and sculpture Aldo Castillo Gallery, Chicago, USA
1997Vigas en Maracaibo Galería 700 Arte, Maracaibo, Venezuela
1997 Oswaldo Vigas. Obras clave de 1952 a 1997 Comandancia General de la Aviación, Caracas, Venezuela tribute of the Venezuelan Air Force to Oswaldo Vigas
1996 Oswaldo Vigas, un hombre americano Casa de Las Américas, Havana, Cuba
1995Oswaldo Vigas. Mutants, pélélés, contorsionnistes et autres zigotos Galerie La Tour des Cardinaux, L’Isle-sur-la-Sorgue, France
1995 Oswaldo Vigas. La obra reciente Grupo Li-Centro de Arte, Caracas, Venezuela
1993Vigas, de 1952 a 1993 Museum Monnaie de Paris, Paris, France
1993 Oswaldo Vigas, la obra reciente Grupo Li-Centro de Arte, Caracas, Venezuela
1990Retrospectiva Vigas: lo figurativo y lo telúrico Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Caracas Sofía Imber, Caracas, Venezuela
1989Ceremoniales Centro Armitano Arte, Caracas, Venezuela
1987Paisajes andinos, with Marius Sznajderman Galería Los Espacios Cálidos, Ateneo de Caracas, Venezuela
1981Tapicería de Oswaldo Vigas Museo de Bellas Artes, Caracas, Venezuela
1979Antológica Ritos elementales, dioses oscuros Instituto de Arte Panameño, Panama
1979 Antológica Ritos elementales, dioses oscuros Galería de Arte Nacional, Caracas Venezuela
1977Oswaldo Vigas, imagen de una identidad expresiva Galería del Instituto Nacional de Cultura, Museo de Arte Italiano, Lima, Peru
1973Retrospectiva Oswaldo Vigas: 1943–1973, Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
1970Mitificaciones Fundación Eugenio Mendoza, Caracas, Venezuela
1970 Tapicerías Galería Antañona, Caracas, Venezuela
1967Venezuelan witches Galería del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, Washington, DC, United States
1967 Vigas: pinturas 1965-1967 Fundación Eugenio Mendoza, Caracas, Venezuela
1966Retrospectiva Las brujas, árbol genealógico: 1941-1952 Galería 22, Caracas, Venezuela
1964Oswaldo Vigas: pinturas de los años 1960-1964 Fundación Eugenio Mendoza, Caracas, Venezuela
1964 Vigas: grabados, dibujos, gouaches Ateneo de Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
1964 Oswaldo Vigas: retrospectiva: 1941-1964 Ateneo de Valencia, Valencia, Venezuela
1963Vigas Galería Neufville, Paris, France
1961Vigas, peintures recéntes Galerie La Roue, Paris, France
1958Oswaldo Vigas of Venezuela Pan American Union, Washington, DC, United States
1958 Blancos y negros Fundación Eugenio Mendoza, Caracas, Venezuela
1957 Museo de Arte Contemporáneo, Madrid, Spain
1957 Oswaldo Vigas: 1953-1957 Fundación Eugenio Mendoza, Caracas, Venezuela
1956Blanc et noir Galería La Roue, Paris, France large-format drawings were on display
1952Retrospectiva Oswaldo Vigas: 1946-1952 Museo de Bellas Artes, Caracas, Venezuela
1942Ateneo de Valencia Valencia, Venezuela first painting exhibition.

Group exhibitions

Year Title Location Notes
2013Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas (CUC): síntesis de las artes mayores seis décadas 1953–2013, Fundación BBVA Provincial University City of Caracas (Spanish: Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas), Caracas, Venezuela Became a UNESCO Heritage site in 2000, and features contributions from Calder, Lam, Hans Arp, Victor Vasarely and more.[2]
2011IV Bienal de Esculturas Galería de Arte Trazos, Caracas, Venezuela
2010Galería de Arte Parque Negra Hipólita, Valencia, Venezuela
2010 Honored Artist at the XV Salón Cabriales de Pintura XV Salón Cabriales de Pintura, University of Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela [13]
2010 Chicago ARTEahora Miami Beach Convention Center, Miami, Florida, United States
2009 Honored Artist at the FIAAM Maracaibo, Venezuela
2008Artistes de l’Atelier 3 Jean-Lurcat Museum and Contemporary Tapestry (Musée Jean Lurçat et de la Tapisserie Contemporaine), Angers, France
2008 Art Nocturne Knokke Cultuurcentrum Scharpoord, Knokke, Belgium
2008 Atelier 3 Transpositions. Tapisseries, 1972-2008 Jean-Lurcat Museum and Contemporary Tapestry (Musée Jean Lurçat et de la Tapisserie Contemporaine), Angers, France
2006Le Musée de la Tapisserie a 20 ans, Jean-Lurcat Museum and Contemporary Tapestry (Musée Jean Lurçat et de la Tapisserie Contemporaine), Angers, France
2006 Iberoamérica University of Saint Francis, Joliet, Illinois, United States
2004 Caracas à Paris French Alliance of Paris (Alianza Francesa de Paris), Paris, France Exhibition to mark his thirty years in Venezuela.
2003La Megaexposición 1900-2000 Galería de Arte Nacional, Caracas, Venezuela
2003 Arte venezolano del siglo XX. Colección PDVSA Museo de Arte Contemporáneo del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
2002Geometría como vanguardia. Colección Banco Mercantil Museo Alejandro Otero, Caracas, Venezuela
2002Abstracción geométrica en Venezuela Galería de Arte Nacional, Caracas, Venezuela
2002 Latinamerican & Caribbean Art Today Miura Museum of Art, Miura, Japan
2002 Reacción y polémica en el arte venezolano Galería de Arte Nacional, Caracas, Venezuela
2001I Salón de Arte Exxon Mobil de Venezuela Museo Sacro de Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
2000Un coeur, un monde (one heart, one world) Maison de la Culture du Japon, Paris, France
2000 Peinture et Sculpture d’Amérique Latine Festival La Cita, Biarritz, France
2000 Colección del Museo Museo de Bellas Artes, Caracas, Venezuela
2000 Etats d’un temps, Colección Fonds Départemental d’Art Contemporain (FDAC) Centre Culturel de Paris Sucy, Sucy-en-Brie, France
1998Obras de la colección del FDA Maison du Citoyen, Fontenay-sous-bois, France
1997El Taller Libre de Arte, 1948-1952 Museo Jacobo Borges, Caracas, Venezuela
1997 Tapisseries de l’Atelier 3 Auditorium de Lyon, Lyon, France
1995Salon de Mai Espace Eiffel-Branly, Paris, France
1995 XXIX Prix International d’Art Contemporain de Monte Carlo Monte Carlo, Monaco Special guest
1995 El arte venezolano en los años 60. La década prodigiosa Museo de Bellas Artes, Caracas, Venezuela
1995 Venezuela, de l’art populaire à l’art contemporain Centre Culturel de Boulogne-Billancourt, Paris, France
1994Adquisitions 1993 Fonds Départemental d’Art Contemporain (FDAC), Paris, France
1994 Tapisseries d’aujourd’hui sur murs d’autrefois Château des Adhémar, Montelimar, France
1992From Torres-García to Soto Art Museum of the Americas, Organization of American States (OEA), Washington DC, United States
1992 XXVII Prix International d’Art Contemporain de Monte Carlo Monte Carlo, Monaco
1990LatinArtCa 90 La Galerie d’Art Lavalin, Montreal, Canada
1990 Reencuentro, Premios Arturo Michelena 1943-1989 y Premios Andrés Pérez Mujica 1951-1989 Galería de Arte Ascaso, Valencia, Venezuela
1990 Latin American drawings today San Diego Museum of Art, San Diego, California, United States
1989Arte de los países bolivarianos Museo de Bellas Artes, Caracas, Venezuela
1981Omaggio a Picasso, Palazzo Robellini, Erba, Italy
1981 Pro-Posición 20 Galería de Arte Nacional, Caracas, Venezuela
1980El arte constructivo venezolano Galería de Arte Nacional, Caracas, Venezuela
1980 Segunda Bienal Iberoamericana de Arte Instituto Pedro Domecq, Mexico City, México
1980 Chicago International Art Exhibition Navy Pier, Chicago, Illinois, United States
1980 Indagación de la imagen Galería de Arte Nacional, Caracas, Venezuela
1979El arte figurativo en América Latina Museo de Bellas Artes, Caracas, Venezuela
1976Latin Excellence, Contemporary Hispanic Art, Xerox Corporation Center, Rochester, New York, United States
1975Panorama de la pintura venezolana Casa de Las Américas, Havana, Cuba
1974Ocho artistas venezolanos Galería Aele, Madrid, España
1973World Print Competition San Francisco, California, United States
1972La Colección de Ewa Gartztecka National Museum of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland
1965Venezolanische Malerei von Heute, Alemania, traveling exhibition of Venezuelan artists
1964 Casa de Las Américas, Havana, Cuba
1963Musée Maison de la Culture, Le Havre, France
1962XXXI Bienal de Venecia, Italia Venice, Italy
1962 Instituto Cultural Venezolano-Israelí New York, New York, United States
1962 Venezuelan painter, Salon des Réalités Nouvelles, Paris, France
1962 Museum of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
1962 Pintores venezolanos de la Escuela de París Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, France
1959 Palacio de la Inquisición, Cartagena, Colombia
1959 Arte latinoamericano contemporáneo Pan American Union, Washington DC, United States
1959 Paintings and drawings from Latin America Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, Dallas, Texas, United States
1958Carnegie Internacional Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
1956Musée de Picardie Amiens, France
1956 Permanence de l’Art Musée d’Art et d’Histoire, Geneva, Switzerland
1956 Picasso y el arte contemporáneo hispanoamericano Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas, United States
1956 Homenaje a Paul Klee Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico City, México
1956 Bienal Internacional de Pintura y Grabado
1955Bienal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brasil
1955 Carnegie International Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
1954Works for the University City of Caracas Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France
1954 XXVII Bienal de Venecia Italia y Pan American Union Washington DC, United States
1953Bienal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brasil
1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1961, 1963, 1978, 1980Salon de Mai Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, France

Publications

  • Oswaldo Vigas: antológica 1943 - 2013 (Exhibition catalog). Venezuela: Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes. 2015. ISBN 9789807690003.
  • Oswaldo Vigas, Sortilèges des Tropiques: peintures, tapisseries, sculptures, céramiques 1950-2005 [Oswaldo Vigas, Charm of the Tropics: paintings, tapestries, sculptures, ceramics 1950 – 2005] (Exhibition catalog). Angers, France: Musée Jean Lurçat et de la Tapisserie Contemporaine. 2005. ISBN 9782901287902.
  • Oswaldo Vigas: ideografiás de Pariś, 1952-1957 (Exhibition catalog). Caracas, Venezuela: Embajada de Francia in Venezuela, Museo de Arte Contemporańeo de Caracas, Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Caracas Sofía Imber. 2002.

References

  1. "A Towering Figure of Venezuelan Modernism Gets His First Solo North American Exhibition". Hyperallergic. 2018-07-20. Retrieved 2019-10-10.
  2. Binlot, Ann. "Oswaldo Vigas: The Venezuelan Painter Whom History Should Remember". Forbes. Retrieved 2019-10-10.
  3. Bentley, Kyle (2016-05-26). "Oswaldo Vigas". Art in America. Retrieved 2019-10-10.
  4. http://patrimoniocuc.wordpress.com/2010/03/25/oswaldo-vigas/
  5. Paz Castillo, Fernando y Rojas Guardia, Pablo (Coordinadores). (1973): “Diccionario de las arte plásticas en Venezuela. Gráficas Armitano, C. A. Caracas – Venezuela. 302p.
  6. "Falleció el artista plástico carabobeño Oswaldo Vigas" (in Spanish). El Universal'. 2014-04-22. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
  7. "A moment for Oswaldo: Bogotá's Museo de Arte Moderno hosts seven-decade Vigas retrospective". Wallpaper* Magazine. 2015-07-20. Retrieved 2019-10-10.
  8. "Oswaldo Vigas: Transformations". tampamuseum.org. 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-10.
  9. "Oswaldo Vigas: Transformations". Grand Rapids Art Museum. Retrieved 2019-10-10.
  10. "Venezuelan Oswaldo Vigas in from the Cold". artnet News. 2016-04-15. Retrieved 2019-10-10.
  11. "Sortir à Angers : Le Vénézuélien Oswaldo Vigas au musée Jean-Lurçat". angers.maville.com (in French). Retrieved 2019-10-11.
  12. "Oswaldo Vigas – Transfiguration". File Magazine. Retrieved 2019-10-10.
  13. "XV SALON CABRIALES DE PINTURA FIGURATIVA 2010". saloncabriales.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
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