Monte Carlo

Monte Carlo (/ˌmɒnti ˈkɑːrloʊ/, Italian: [ˈmonte ˈkarlo]; French: Monte-Carlo [mɔ̃te kaʁlo], or colloquially Monte-Carl [mɔ̃te kaʁl]; Monégasque: Munte Carlu; lit. '"Mount Charles"') is officially an administrative area of the Principality of Monaco, specifically the ward of Monte Carlo/Spélugues, where the Monte Carlo Casino is located. Informally, the name also refers to a larger district, the Monte Carlo Quarter (corresponding to the former municipality of Monte Carlo), which besides Monte Carlo/Spélugues also includes the wards of La Rousse/Saint Roman, Larvotto/Bas Moulins and Saint Michel. The permanent population of the ward of Monte Carlo is about 3,500, while that of the quarter is about 15,000. Monaco has four traditional quarters. From west to east they are: Fontvieille (the newest), Monaco-Ville (the oldest), La Condamine, and Monte Carlo.

For other uses, see Monte Carlo (disambiguation).

Monte Carlo

Munte Carlu  (Ligurian)
Quarter and ward of Monaco
A view of Monte Carlo
Monte Carlo in Monaco (ward shown)
Monte Carlo
Location in relation to France
Coordinates: 43°44′23″N 7°25′38″E
Country Monaco
Government
 • TypePrincipality
Area
 • Urban
0.30 km2 (.234 sq mi)
Population
 • Quarter and ward of Monaco15,200 (in the quarter)
 3,500 (in the ward)
Postcode
98000

Monte Carlo is situated on a prominent escarpment at the base of the Maritime Alps along the French Riviera. Near the quarter's western end is the world-famous Place du Casino, the gambling center which has made Monte Carlo "an international byword for the extravagant display and reckless dispersal of wealth".[1] It is also the location of the Hôtel de Paris, Café de Paris and Salle Garnier (the casino theatre which is the home of the Opéra de Monte-Carlo). The quarter's eastern part includes the community of Larvotto with Monaco's only public beach, as well as its new convention center (the Grimaldi Forum), and the Monte-Carlo Bay Hotel & Resort. At the quarter's eastern border, one crosses into the French town of Beausoleil (sometimes referred to as Monte-Carlo-Supérieur), and 8 kilometres (5 mi) to its east is the western border of Italy.

History
Main article: History of Monaco
Charles III of Monaco was responsible for turning the Monte Carlo district and Monaco into a thriving town.

In 1856, Charles III of Monaco granted a concession to Napoleon Langlois and Albert Aubert, to establish a sea-bathing facility for the treatment of various diseases, and to build a German-style casino.[2]

St Charles Church, Monte Carlo

The initial casino opened in La Condamine in 1862, but was unsuccessful. It relocated several times, before reaching its present location in the "Les Spélugues" (The Caves) area of Monte Carlo. Success came slowly, largely because Monaco was inaccessible from much of Europe. The railway, installed in 1868, brought with it an influx of people, and Monte Carlo grew in wealth.[2]

Saint-Charles Church on Monte Carlo's Avenue Sainte-Charles was completed in 1883. It was restored in its centenary year.[3][4]

The municipality of Monte Carlo was created in 1911, when the Constitution divided the principality of Monaco into three municipalities. Monte Carlo encompassed the existing neighborhoods of La Rousse/Saint Roman, Larvotto/Bas Moulins, and Saint Michel. The municipalities merged in 1917, after accusations that the government used them to "divide and conquer". Since then, they are wards (quartiers). Today, Monaco is divided into 10 wards, with an eleventh planned (but currently postponed) to encompass land reclaimed from the sea (see the "Administrative divisions" section of Monaco for additional details).

The quarter of Monte Carlo was served by tramways from 1900 to 1953. It linked all parts of Monaco (see transportation in Monaco). In 2003 a new cruise ship pier was completed in the harbour at Monte Carlo.

Geography

Monte Carlo has an area of 28.14 hectares (or 0.28 square kilometers) and faces the Mediterranean Sea, bordered on the west by Moneghetti and La Condamine, on the north by Saint Michel and on the east by La Rousse and Larvotto.

Climate

Monte Carlo has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa), which is influenced by oceanic climate and humid subtropical climate. As a result, it has warm, dry summers and mild, rainy winters.[5]

Climate data for Monte Carlo, Monaco
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 12.5
(54.5)		 13.1
(55.6)		 14.5
(58.1)		 16.7
(62.1)		 19.8
(67.6)		 23.3
(73.9)		 26.4
(79.5)		 26.6
(79.9)		 24.2
(75.6)		 20.8
(69.4)		 16.2
(61.2)		 13.5
(56.3)		 19.0
(66.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 8.7
(47.7)		 9.4
(48.9)		 10.9
(51.6)		 13.2
(55.8)		 16.4
(61.5)		 19.9
(67.8)		 22.9
(73.2)		 23.0
(73.4)		 20.5
(68.9)		 17.0
(62.6)		 12.4
(54.3)		 9.6
(49.3)		 15.3
(59.5)
Average low °C (°F) 4.9
(40.8)		 5.6
(42.1)		 7.2
(45.0)		 9.7
(49.5)		 13.0
(55.4)		 16.4
(61.5)		 19.3
(66.7)		 19.3
(66.7)		 16.9
(62.4)		 13.2
(55.8)		 8.6
(47.5)		 5.7
(42.3)		 11.7
(53.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 82.7
(3.26)		 76.4
(3.01)		 70.5
(2.78)		 62.2
(2.45)		 48.6
(1.91)		 36.9
(1.45)		 15.6
(0.61)		 31.3
(1.23)		 54.4
(2.14)		 108.2
(4.26)		 104.2
(4.10)		 77.5
(3.05)		 768.5
(30.26)
Average precipitation days 6.8 6.4 6.1 6.3 5.2 4.1 1.9 3.1 4.0 5.8 7.0 6.0 62.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours 148.8 152.6 201.5 228.0 269.7 297.0 341.0 306.9 240.0 204.6 156.0 142.6 2,668.7
Percent possible sunshine 53 55 54 58 58 66 73 71 67 60 52 51 60
Source 1: Hong Kong Observatory[6]
Source 2: Weather Atlas (possible sunshine) [7]
Climate data for Monaco
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 12.3
(54.1)		 12.5
(54.5)		 14.0
(57.2)		 16.1
(61.0)		 19.4
(66.9)		 23.0
(73.4)		 25.8
(78.4)		 25.9
(78.6)		 23.8
(74.8)		 19.9
(67.8)		 16.1
(61.0)		 13.4
(56.1)		 18.5
(65.3)
Average low °C (°F) 8.1
(46.6)		 8.2
(46.8)		 9.6
(49.3)		 11.6
(52.9)		 14.8
(58.6)		 18.5
(65.3)		 21.2
(70.2)		 21.5
(70.7)		 19.3
(66.7)		 15.6
(60.1)		 11.9
(53.4)		 9.3
(48.7)		 14.1
(57.4)
Average precipitation days 5.9 5.2 6.7 6.0 5.6 2.8 1.3 2.5 4.5 7.5 7.7 6.8 62.5
Source: Monaco website[8]
Climate data for Monte Carlo
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average sea temperature °C (°F) 13.4
(56.2)		 13.0
(55.5)		 13.4
(56.1)		 14.6
(58.4)		 18.0
(64.3)		 21.8
(71.3)		 23.1
(73.6)		 23.6
(74.4)		 22.2
(71.9)		 19.6
(67.2)		 17.4
(63.3)		 14.9
(58.9)		 17.9
(64.3)
Mean daily daylight hours 9.0 10.0 12.0 13.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 14.0 12.0 11.0 10.0 9.0 12.1
Average Ultraviolet index 1 2 4 5 7 8 8 7 5 3 2 1 4.4
Source: Weather Atlas [7]

Sport
Monte Carlo Casino

Monte Carlo is host to most of the Circuit de Monaco, on which the Formula One Monaco Grand Prix takes place. It also hosts world championship boxing bouts, the European Poker Tour Grand Final and the World Backgammon Championship as well as the Monaco International Auto Show (Fr: Salon International de l'Automobile de Monaco[9]), fashion shows and other events. Although the Monte Carlo Masters tennis tournament is billed as taking place in the community, its actual location is in the adjacent French commune of Roquebrune-Cap-Martin. The Monte Carlo Rally is one of the longest running and most respected car rallies; from 1973 to 2008 and again from 2012, it marks the start of World Rally Championship season, having also served as the curtain-raiser for the Intercontinental Rally Challenge between 2009 and 2011. The rally, however, takes place outside the Monte Carlo quarter and is run mostly on French roads.

Tourism

Monte Carlo has been visited by royalty as well as the public and movie stars for decades. Monte Carlo is one of Europe's leading tourist resorts, although many of the key tourist destinations are in other parts of Monaco, including such attractions as Monaco Cathedral, the Napoleon Museum, the Oceanographic Museum and aquarium, and the Prince's Palace, all of which are in Monaco-Ville.

Salle Garnier
Main article: Opéra de Monte-Carlo
Entrance to the Salle Garnier, home of the Opéra de Monte-Carlo

The Opéra de Monte-Carlo or Salle Garnier was built to designs of the architect Charles Garnier, who also designed the Paris opera house now known as the Palais Garnier. Although much smaller, the Salle Garnier is very similar in style with decorations in red and gold, and frescoes and sculptures all around the auditorium. It was inaugurated on 25 January 1879 with a performance by Sarah Bernhardt dressed as a nymph. The first opera performed there was Robert Planquette's Le Chevalier Gaston on 8 February 1879, and that was followed by three more in the first season.

Other famous twentieth-century singers to appear at Monte Carlo included Titta Ruffo, Geraldine Farrar, Mary Garden, Tito Schipa, Beniamino Gigli, Claudia Muzio, Georges Thill, and Lily Pons.

Hôtel de Paris
Main article: Hôtel de Paris Monte-Carlo
Hôtel de Paris Monte-Carlo

The Hôtel de Paris, established in 1864 by Charles III of Monaco, is located on the west side of the Place du Casino in the heart of Monte Carlo. It belongs to the Société des bains de mer de Monaco (SBM), and is part of the elite Palace Grand Hotels in Monaco with the Hotel Hermitage, the Monte-Carlo Beach Hotel on Monte-Carlo Bay Hotel & Resort, the Metropole Hotel and Fairmont hotel.

The hotel has 106 rooms divided into four groups based on type of view, decoration and luxury.[10] The Exclusive City View offers 20 rooms, the Superior Courtyard has 29 large rooms, the Exclusive Sea View 59 and the Exclusive Casino has six.

Additionally, there are 74 suites and junior suites which are grouped similarly, offering more luxury than the rooms. There are single and double suites as well as courtyard junior suites and Sea/Casino Junior suites.[10] There is also one Presidential suite.[11]

In October 2014, a renovation project began, to create a garden courtyard, add a new spa, fitness and pool area, exceptional suites, and a “rooftop villa” with a private garden and pool.[12]

Cultural depictions

Monte Carlo has been the setting of many films, books, television shows, and video games.

Films

Literature
  • Monte Carlo is featured in Edith Wharton's novel The House of Mirth (1905) as a backdrop for the leisure activities of New York's upper class in the early 20th century.
  • The first few chapters of the Gothic novel Rebecca (1938) are set in Monte Carlo.

Music

Television

Video games


Panorama of La Condamine and Monte Carlo from the lookout near the Prince's Palace of Monaco in Monaco-Ville.
Monaco city panorama from train station, May 2015

Twin cities

Monte Carlo's twin cities are:

Notable residents
  • Monte-Carlo at night from the pier
  • Place du Casino, Monte Carlo
  • Hotel de Paris, Monaco
  • Interior of Hotel Hermitage Monte Carlo
  • Buildings

See also

References
  1. "Monaco" in The New Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th edition (Chicago, 1991), vol. 8, p. 243.
  2. "History of Monte Carlo Casino". Craps Dice Control. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
  3. "Monuments". Visit Monaco – Monuments. Visit Monaco. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  4. "English Community". Saint-Charles Church. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  5. "Monaco weather, climate and geography". Worldtravelguide.net. Archived from the original on 21 August 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  6. "Climatological Information for Monte Carlo, Monaco" Archived 25 October 2019 at the Wayback Machine – Hong Kong Observatory
  7. "Monte Carlo, Monaco – Climate data". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
  8. "Monaco – Climate". Monaco website. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
  9. "1er Salon International de l'Automobile de Monaco – 2017". 1er salon international de l'automobile de Monaco (in French). Retrieved 4 April 2016.
  10. "Luxury hotel rooms and luxurious suites in the Hotel de Paris". En.hoteldeparismontecarlo.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2007. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
  11. "Palace Hotel de Paris in Monte-Carlo". En.hoteldeparismontecarlo.com. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
  12. "Monte-Carlo Société des Bains de Mer, Hotels, restaurants, casinos in Monaco". www.montecarlosbm.com.
  13. https://www.gsarchive.net/grand_duke/html/short_summary.html
  14. https://gsarchive.net/british/montecarlo/index.html
  15. https://www.lieder.net/lieder/get_text.html?TextId=3908
  16. https://www.lyrics.com/lyrics/monte%20carlo
  17. https://www.lyrics.com/lyrics/monte%20carlo
  18. "monte carlo song – Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  19. "US Open – Victoria Azarenka Player Profile".
  20. "Marin Cilic – Overview". atptour.com.
  21. "Grigor Dimitrov – Overview". atptour.com.
  22. "Novak Djokovic – Overview". atptour.com.
  23. "ExclusiveGP". ExclusiveGP. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
  24. Grupa Wirtualna Polska. "Formuła 1". sportowefakty.wp.pl.
  25. "US Open – Petra Kvitova Player Profile". usopen.org.
  26. "Daniil Medvedev – Overview". atptour.com.
  27. "Davis Cup – The World Cup of Tennis".
  28. "AO – Lucie Safarova". ausopen.com.
  29. World Entertainment News Network. "Ringo Moves To Monte Carlo To Avoid Tax Laws". Contactmusic.com.
  30. "Bernard Tomic – Overview". atptour.com.
  31. "Alexander Zverev – Overview". atptour.com.
  32. "Mischa Zverev – Overview". atptour.com.
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