Penrhyn language
The Penrhyn language is a Cook Islands Maori dialectal variant[3] belonging to the Polynesian language family spoken by about 200 people on Penrhyn Island and other islands in Northern Cook Islands.[4] It is considered to be an endangered language as many of its users are shifting to Cook Islands Māori and English.
| Penrhyn | |
|---|---|
| Mangarongaro, Penrhynese, Tongareva | |
| tongareva | |
| Native to | Cook Islands |
| Region | Penrhyn Island, Northern Cook Islands |
Native speakers | 200 (2011 census)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | pnh |
| Glottolog | penr1237 |
| ELP | Penrhyn[2] |
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nasal | m | n | ŋ<ng> | |
| stop | p | t | k | |
| fricative | (f) v | s | h | |
| Approximant | l<r> |
Tongareva is one of the few Cook Islands languages without a glottal stop [ʔ]. There is allophonic voicing of stops present. [f] is present in loanwords from languages like Rakahanga-Manihiki language.[6]
Grammar
References
- Penrhyn at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- Endangered Languages Project data for Penrhyn.
- "Te Reo Maori Act" (2003)
- "Penrhyn". Ethnologue. Retrieved 7 March 2013.
- "Penrhyn (Tongareva)". Dictionary of Cook Islands Languages. Suva: The University of the South Pacific. 2016.
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