Pikes Peak International Hill Climb


The Pikes Peak International Hill Climb (PPIHC), also known as The Race to the Clouds, is an annual automobile hillclimb to the summit of Pikes Peak in Colorado, USA. The track measures 12.42 miles (19.99 km) and has over 156 turns, climbing 4,720 ft (1,440 m) from the start at Mile 7 on Pikes Peak Highway, to the finish at 14,115 ft (4,302 m), on grades averaging 7.2%.[1][2] It used to consist of both gravel and paved sections, however as of August 2011, the highway is fully paved and as a result all subsequent events will be run on asphalt from start to finish.[3]

Pikes Peak International Hill Climb
LocationColorado Springs, Colorado USA
38.84°N 105.04°W / 38.84; -105.04
First race1916 (1916)
Distance12.42 mi (20 km)
Circuit information
SurfaceTarmac (historically, dirt)
Turns156
Lap record7:57.148 ( Romain Dumas, Volkswagen I.D. R Pikes Peak, 2018, Unlimited)
Al Unser's 1961 car.
1987 Audi Sport quattro E2 'Pikes Peak'
Suzuki Escudo at the 2006 Race to the Clouds
Randy Schranz rising above treeline at the 85th Race to the Clouds, 2007
Micky Dymond on his way to winning the 2007, 1200cc class, riding a BMW HP2.
Marcus Grönholm drove an 800 BHP Ford Fiesta to 5th overall at the 2009 event.
Rhys Millen's 2011 Pikes Peak Hyundai Genesis coupé
Ralph Murdock breaking the vintage class modified (RMVR modified) record in 2011, with a time of 12:51.004 in a 1970 Chevrolet Camaro
Monster Tajima Electric Car displayed during 2013 PPIHC Fan Fest at Colorado Springs, USA
Sébastien Loeb shattered the course record in 2013 with a Peugeot 208 T16 Pikes Peak (875 bhp and 875 kg)
Rick Knoop, Tim O'Neil, and Charlie Greenhaus with an EVSR electric race car by Entropy Racing at Pikes Peak in 2015

The race is self-sanctioned and has taken place since 1916.[1][2] It is currently contested by a variety of classes vehicles. The PPIHC operates as the Pikes Peak Auto Hill Climb Educational Museum to organize the annual motorsports event.[1]

History

Early history

The first Pikes Peak Hill Climb was promoted by Spencer Penrose, who had converted the narrow carriage road into the much wider Pikes Peak Highway.[4]

The first Penrose Trophy was awarded in 1916 to Rea Lentz with a time of 20:55.60.[4][5][6] In the same year Floyd Clymer won the motorcycle class with a time of 21:58.41.[7] In 1924 the final Penrose Trophy was awarded to Otto Loesche in his Lexington Special.[8] In the years following, Glen Scultz and Louis Unser shared a rivalry and won the event 12 times between them.[5] In 1929 the popular stock car class was added to the event.[4][6]

Following world war two, Louis Unser returned to his winning ways at Pikes Peak, winning a further three more times between 1946 and 1970, these wins were tightly contended with rival Al Rogers.[4][5] During this time the event was part of the AAA and USAC IndyCar championship.[9] In 1953, the Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) sponsors the event, bringing with it an influx of sports cars. In this period the course record was broken every year from 1953 until 1962, this is the largest string of record breaking runs in the event's history. The majority of these records were set by Louis nephew, Bobby Unser.[5] In 1954 motorcycles return to the event, the first time since its inception 1916.[6] The motorcycle overall victory that year went to Bill Meier riding a Harley-Davidson motorcycle.[7]

In 1971 the event was won by the first non-gasoline vehicle (propane), this was also the first overall victory from the stock car class (1970 Ford Mustang), the car was driven by the Danish-American Ak Miller.[6]

European involvement

In 1984 the first European racers took part in the PPIHC with Norwegian Rallycrosser Martin Schanche (Ford Escort Mk3 4x4) and French Rally driver Michèle Mouton (Audi Sport quattro), thereby starting a new era for European teams in the almost unknown American hillclimb.[10] While Schanche failed to set a new track record, due to a flat right front tire, Mouton (together with her World Rally Championship co-driver Fabrizia Pons from Italy) won the Open Rally category, but failed to win the event overall. Mouton achieved the overall victory and course record in the following year.[10][7]

In 1989, an award-winning short film about the 1988 event was released by French director Jean-Louis Mourey. The film, titled Climb Dance, captured the efforts of Finnish former World Rally Champion Ari Vatanen, as he won the event in a record-breaking time with his turbocharged Peugeot 405 Turbo 16.[5][7][11]

Paving of the highway

The City of Colorado Springs began to pave the highway in 2002 after losing a lawsuit against the Sierra Club, which sued on account of erosion damage to streams, reservoirs, vegetation and wetlands downstream from the 1.5 million tons of road gravel deposited over several decades.[12][13] The local authority paved approximately 10% of the route each year after the order. The 2011 event was the last race with dirt sections, comprising approximately 25% of the course.[3]

During this evolutionary period of the event, the Japanese driver Nobuhiro Tajima with Suzuki cars scored 6 overall victories (2006 - 2011) and two course records.[4][10] His 2011 record was the first to break the 10 minute barrier.[5]

Hill Climb champion Rod Millen warned at the time that paving the road would put an end to the race.[14] However, the 2012 race saw over 170 racer registrations by December 2011, compared with 46 at the same time the previous year.[15]

The 90th running of the event happened in 2012 and saw a larger field and a longer race day than ever before. This was the first time the race has been run on all asphalt leading to the breaking of several records, notably the overall record, which fell numerous times during the event finally falling to Rhys Millen the son of previous event winner Rod Millen, in the Time Attack Division. During the event Mike Ryan spun his big rig in a hairpin in a section called the "W"s, hitting the guard rail, he then managed to execute a three-point turn and continued on course, at which point he broke his old record by 5 seconds. This highlighted the change that a fully paved course made to the speed of the event.[16] The 2012 event also saw the first motorcycle to achieve a sub 10 minute time with the late Carlin Dunne in the 1205 Division riding a Ducati with a time of 9:52.819 which was only 1.5 seconds slower than the previous year's overall record.

2013 saw the nine-minute barrier shattered by WRC legend Sébastien Loeb (Peugeot 208 T16 Pikes Peak), with a time of 8:13.878, while Rhys Millen ended up second with 9:02.192, beating his own record by more than 44 seconds.[17] Jean-Philippe Dayrault finished third with a time of 9:42.740, and Paul Dallenbach fourth with a time of 9:46.001, making it four drivers to beat the overall record set only the previous year.

Emergence of electric vehicles

Electric cars have featured on and off in the PPIHC since the early 1980s. In 1981 Joe Ball took a Sears Electric Car to the top in 32:07.410, in 1994 Katy Endicott brought her Honda to the top in 15:44.710 and in 2013 Nobuhiro Tajima broke the 10 minute barrier with a time of 9:46.530 in his E-RUNNER Pikes Peak Special. In the following years electric entries would become more common, steadily breaking their powertrain records and eventually the overall record in 2018.[5][7][18]

For hill-climb events and this event in particular it is reasonable to suggest that a modern, well designed electric car will be at an advantage over internal combustion engined cars. The issue of limited range does not apply to short sprints and the twisty nature of the Pikes Peak course lends itself well to the almost instant torque delivery of electric motors. In addition to this, the lowering air density of high altitudes does not reduce the power available to the driver as it does with air breathing engines.[19][20]

Although the 2014 event was won by a gasoline powered car; second (Greg Tracy), third (Hiroshi Masuoka) and fourth (Nobuhiro Tajima) places overall were taken by electric cars.[21] In 2015, electric cars placed first (Rhys Millen) and second (Nobuhiro Tajima) overall.[22][23] In an interview with Rhys Millen, he said that he had lost power to the car's rear motor pack before the halfway point. Had this not happened he had expected his run to be 30 seconds faster.[24] In 2016 gasoline again took top honours but electric completed the podium taking second (Rhys Millen) and third (Tetsuya Yamano) as well as fifth (Nobuhiro Tajima) places overall.[25]

At the 2018 event, an electric car set a new overall record for the first time in the event's history. Frenchman Romain Dumas completed the course in the all-electric Volkswagen I.D. R with a time of 7:57.148, breaking the 8 minute barrier for the first time.[19][26]

The death of motorcyclist Carlin Dunne during the 2019 race, forced the organisation to postpone all motorcycle racing at the event.[27] This decision will be reviewed following the 2021 running of the event.[28]

Racing divisions

The Pikes Peak International Hill climb currently consists of six divisions. [29] Additional special record classes consisting of former classes can be found here.

Unlimited

Anything goes in the Unlimited Division as long as it passes safety inspection and meets the PPIHC’s general rules. The Unlimited Division features the most exotic vehicles, most of them built specifically for this race. These race cars have the best chance of setting a new overall race record. In 2018, Romain Dumas set a new record of 7 minutes 57.148 seconds in the all-electric Volkswagen I.D. R Pikes Peak, beating Sébastien Loeb's previous record by over 15 seconds.[30]

Time Attack 1

A division for production based two- and four-wheel drive vehicles. Only closed cockpit four-wheeled vehicles are allowed to participate.

Porsche Pikes Peak Trophy by Yokohama

Making its debut at the 2018 event was the first official one-make Porsche category, exclusive to the Porsche Cayman GT4 Clubsport in four variants — Clubsport, Clubsport Trophy Specification, Clubsport MR, and Clubsport 2017 IMSA GS.

Open Wheel

The traditional Pikes Peak single-seater race cars with designs ranging from Indy style sprinters to dune buggies. Open-wheel cars have competed in every event since the inaugural race in 1916.

Pikes Peak Open

Production based vehicles with unlimited permitted modifications.

Exhibition Class

In keeping with the mission statement of the event, specifically to "demonstrate advancements in the practical application of motor sports technology", the race encourages competitors with vehicles that do not meet the technical specifications of PPIHC sanctioned divisions to enter in the Exhibition Class. While there are no class records for this class because of its exhibition status, entries are eligible for recording an overall course record as well as an attempt at records achieved by former classes.

Race records

Below follows all currently recognised records. Records set during the most recent running of the event are in bold type.

Division and class records
Current 4-Wheel Records[31]
Division Class Year Name Vehicle Time
Unlimited2018 Romain DumasVolkswagen I.D. R[note 1]7:57.148
Time AttackTime Attack 12019 Raphaël Astierb.b.i Autosport Porsche Turbo Cup9:23.721
Pikes Peak Challenge CarOpen Wheel2020 Clint Vahsholtz2013 Ford Open9:35.490
Pikes Peak Open2019 Peter Cunningham2019 Acura TLX GT9:24.433
Porsche Cayman GT4 Clubsport2018 Travis Pastrana2016 Porsche Cayman GT4 Clubsport10:33.897
Current 2-Wheel Records[31]
Division Class Year Name Vehicle Time
Pikes Peak Heavyweight2019Rennie Scaysbrook2018 Aprilia Tuono V4 11009:44.963
Pikes Peak Middleweight2018Chris Fillmore2018 KTM 790 Duke10:04.038
Pikes Peak Lightweight2019Chris Fillmore2019 450 SX-F Factory Edition10:20.819
Pikes Peak Heavyweight2014Guy Martin2014 1300cc EXHIBIT11:32.558
Pikes Peak Challenge MotorcycleElectric2013Carlin Dunne2013 Lightning Electric Superbike [note 1]10:00.694
Quad2016Cyril Combes [note 2]2011 Suzuki KTM JF Prototype11:05.664

Non-division and class records
Records from the Appendix of the PPIHC Rule Book[1][31]
Type Year Name Vehicle Time
Production SUV2018Rhys Millen2018 Bentley Bentayga10:49.902
Time Attack 2 (Production)2019Rhys Millen2019 Bentley Continental GT10:18.488
Vintage Car2017Spencer Steele1995 PVA 210:25.989
Sidecar2016John Wood &
Matthew Blank		1999 Shelbourne Superlite F211:26.644
Vintage Motorcycle2012Marc LaNoue1969 Triumph Bonneville12:39.782
Alternative Fuel Records[31]
Fuel Division/Class Year Name Vehicle Time
ElectricModified2018Romain DumasVolkswagen I.D. R7:57.148
Exhibition2020Blake Fuller2018 Tesla Model 3 Performance11:02.802
DieselExhibition2020Scott Birdsall1949 Ford F1 Race Truck11:24.065
Natural GasOpen Wheel1993Johnnie RogersWells-Coyote11:50.090
PropaneExhibition/PPO2012Randy Schranz2012 Shelby Cobra11:11.218
TurbineOpen Rally1981Steve BolanBolan-Allison15:27.180
HybridTime Attack 12018James Robinson2017 Acura NSX10:02.448
Drivetrain Records[31]
Drivetrain Division/Class Year Name Vehicle Time
Front-Wheel DrivePikes Peak Open2018Nick Robinson2018 Acura TLX A-Spec10:48.094
Rear-Wheel DriveUnlimited2018Simone Faggioli[note 2]2018 Norma M20 SF PKP8:37.230
All-Wheel DriveUnlimited2018Romain DumasVolkswagen I.D. R[note 1]7:57.148

Winners

The overall honours have always fallen to vehicles in car divisions, however motorcycles have their own divisions, records and winners. Cars have entered the event every year since its inception in 1916 (with the exception of years during the world wars) whereas motorcycles have only entered in a limited number of years.

Overall winners
Ari Vatanen's 1988 Peugeot 405 T16
Nobuhiro Tajima's Suzuki SX4 during his 2011 record breaking run.

Overall winners can compete under any division, although the majority come from the open wheel and more recently the unlimited division. A time in italics indicates this was a previous course record, a time in bold indicates the current course record.

Table of overall winners[5]
YearWinnerVehicleTimeNotes
1916 Rea Lentz Romano Special 20:55.600
1917-1919 No competition due to World War I
1920 Otto Loesche Lexington Special 22:25.400
1921 King Rhiley Hudson Special 19:16.200
1922 Noel Bullock Ford Special 19:50.900
1923 Glen Shultz Hudson Essex 18:47.000
1924 Otto Loesche Lexington Special 18:15.000
1925 Charles H. Myers Chandler Special 17:48.400
1926 Glen Shultz Stutz 18:19.400
1927 Glen Shultz Stutz 18:25.100
1928 Glen Shultz Stutz Special 17:41.600
1929 Edward Phillips Shultz Stutz 8 18:22.800
1930 Glen Shultz Stutz DV-32 18:08.700
1931 Charles H. Myers Hunt Special 17:10.300
1932 Glen Shultz Shultz/Stutz Special 16:47.200
1933 Glen Shultz Stutz DV-32 17:27.500
1934 Louis Unser Stutz Special 16:01.800
1935 W.P. Bentrup 1935 Chevrolet 1 1/2-ton Truck 26:12.000 [note 3]
1936 Louis Unser Shultz Stutz 16:28.100
1937 Louis Unser Stutz DV-32 16:27.300
1938 Louis Unser Loop Cafe Special 15:49.900
1939 Louis Unser Snowberger Special 15:39.400
1940 Al Rogers Joe Coniff Special 15:59.900
1941 Louis Unser Burd Special 15:35.200
1942-1945 No competition due to World War 2
1946 Louis Unser Maserati 15:28.700 [note 4]
1947 Louis Unser Maserati 16:34.770 [note 5]
1948 Al Rogers Coniff Special Offenhauser 15:51.300 [note 5]
1949 Al Rogers Coniff Special 15:54.260 [note 5]
1950 Al Rogers Coniff Special 15:39.000 [note 5]
1951 Al Rogers Offenhauser 15:39.700 [note 5]
1952 George Hammond Kurtis Kraft Offenhauser Special 15:30.650 [note 5]
1953 Louis Unser Federal Engineering Special 15:15.400 [note 5]
1954 Keith Andrews Joe Hunt 14:39.700 [note 5]
1955 Bob Finney Dick Frenzel Special 14:27.200 [note 5]
1956 Bobby Unser Unser Special 14:27.000 [note 6]
1957 Bob Finney Dick Frenzel Special 14:11.700 [note 6]
1958 Bobby Unser Unser Special 13:47.900 [note 6]
1959 Bobby Unser Unser Special 13:36.500 [note 6]
1960 Bobby Unser Unser Special 13:28.500 [note 6]
1961 Bobby Unser Unser Special 12:56.700 [note 6]
1962 Bobby Unser Unser Special 12:05.800 [note 6]
1963 Bobby Unser Chevrolet 327 12:30.600 [note 6]
1964 Al Unser Offenhauser 12:24.500 [note 6]
1965 Al Unser Harrison Ford 12:54.300 [note 7]
1966 Bobby Unser Chevrolet 12:23.800 [note 7]
1967 Wes Vandervoort Chevrolet 12:46.300 [note 7]
1968 Bobby Unser Rislone Special 11:54.900 [note 7]
1969 Mario Andretti Chevrolet STP Special 12:44.070 [note 7]
1970 Ted Foltz Chevrolet 303 12:41.100 [note 6]
1971 Ak Miller 1970 Mustang 14:18.600
1972 Roger Mears Volkswagen 2180 13:26.840
1973 Roger Mears Volkswagen 2180 12:54.790
1974 Errol Kobilan Sprint Chevrolet 302 12:54.770
1975 Orville Nance Chevrolet 327 12:36.650
1976 Rick Mears Porsche 2386 12:11.890
1977 Bob Herring Chevrolet 350 12:15.720
1978 Errol KobilanChevrolet11:55.830
1979 Dick Dodge Jr.Hoffpauir Wells Coyote Chevrolet11:54.180
1980 Ted Foltz1970 Chevrolet 35012:15.810
1981 Gary Lee Kanawyer1976 N-D Porsche12:03.960
1982 Bill BristerWoziwodzki Wells Coyote Chevrolet11:44.820
1983 Al Unser, Jr.Woziwodzki Wells Coyote Chevy11:38.300
1984 Bill Brister1981 Wells Coyote11:44.490
1985 Michèle MoutonAudi Sport Quattro S111:25.390
1986 Bobby UnserAudi Sport Quattro SL11:09.220
1987 Walter RöhrlAudi Sport Quattro E2 Pikes Peak10:47.850
1988 Ari VatanenPeugeot 405 Turbo 1610:47.220
1989 Robby UnserPeugeot 405 Turbo 1610:48.340
1990 Robby UnserUnser Chevrolet11:32.860
1991 David DonnerDonner-Dykstra Chevrolet11:12.420
1992 Robby UnserUnser Chevrolet10:53.870
1993 Paul DallenbachDavis Chevrolet10:43.630
1994 Rod MillenToyota Celica AWD Turbo10:04.060
1995 Nobuhiro TajimaSuzuki Escudo7:53.000[note 8]
1996 Rod MillenToyota Celica10:13.640
1997 Rod MillenToyota Celica10:04.540
1998 Rod MillenToyota Tacoma10:07.700
1999 Rod MillenToyota Tacoma10:11.150
2000 Larry Ragland2000 GMC Envoy11:17.660
2001 Gary Lee Kanawyer1981 Wells Coyote10:39.760
2002 David Donner1997 Donner Dykstra10:52.300[note 9]
2003 Paul Dallenbach2000 PVA-0111:34.700[note 10]
2004 Robby UnserSubaru Impreza STIE11:47.280[note 11]
2005 David DonnerDonner/Dykstra Special11:15.680[note 12]
2006 Nobuhiro TajimaSuzuki Escudo7:38.900[note 8][note 13]
2007 Nobuhiro TajimaSuzuki XL710:01.408[note 14]
2008 Nobuhiro TajimaSuzuki XL710:18.250[note 15]
2009 Nobuhiro TajimaSuzuki SX410:15.368[note 16]
2010 Nobuhiro TajimaSuzuki SX410:11.490[note 17]
2011 Nobuhiro TajimaSuzuki SX49:51.278[note 18]
2012 Rhys MillenHyundai Genesis Coupe9:46.164[note 19]
2013 Sébastien LoebPeugeot 208 T16 Pikes Peak8:13.878
2014 Romain DumasNorma M20 RD-Honda9:05.801
2015 Rhys MilleneO PP039:07.222[note 1]
2016 Romain DumasNorma M20 RD-Honda8:51.445
2017 Romain DumasNorma M20 RD-Honda9:05.672
2018 Romain DumasVolkswagen I.D. R7:57.148[note 1]
2019 Robin Shute2018 Wolf TSC-Honda9:12.476
2020 Clint Vahsholtz2013 Ford Open9:35.490

Motorcycle winners

Motorcycle winners can compete under any division, although the majority come from open or large displacement classes. A time in italics indicates this was a previous motorcycle record, a time in bold indicates the current motorcycle record.

On 30 June 2019, four-time Pikes Peak International Hill Climb winner Carlin Dunne was killed in a crash at the race.[32] He crashed less than a quarter of a mile from the finish line.[32]

Table of motorcycle winners[7]
YearWinnerVehicleTimeNotes
1916 Floyd ClymerExcelsior21:58.410
1917-1953 No motorcycle competition records
1954 Bill MeierHarley-Davidson15:34.100
1955 Don TindallHarley-Davidson16:08.600
1956-1970 No motorcycle competition records
1971 Gary MyersHusqvarna15:11.960
1972 Steve ScottBultaco15:13.470
1973 Rick DeaneTriumph 75013:56.030
1974 Bob ConwayYamaha 75013:54.570
1975 Rick DeaneTriumph 75013:54.620
1976 Rick DeaneTriumph 75013:12.610
1977-1979 No motorcycle competition records
1980 Lonnie HoutchensYamaha 75013:44.730
1981 Brian AndersonTriumph 75013:20.860
1982 Arlo EnglundNA13:19.280
1983-1990 No motorcycle competition records
1991 Brian AndersonWood-Rotax 60013:24.820
1992 Brian AndersonWood-Rotax12:54.000
1993 Clint VahsholtzWood-Rotax12:29.380
1994 Clint VahsholtzWood-Rotax 60012:21.130
1995 Clint Vahsholtz1992 Wood-Rotax09:17.100[note 8]
1996 Davey Durelle1988 Wood-Rotax12:33.730
1997 Davey Durelle1988 Wood-Rotax12:21.960
1998 John Stallworth1987 Yamaha Banshee 43012:52.370
1999 Lonnie EubanksYamaha12:42.190
2000 Bobby ParrLSR Lightweight12:37.860
2001 Bobby ParrLSR12:09.160
2002 Bobby ParrLone Star12:30.000[note 9]
2003 Bobby ParrLightweight12:28.480[note 10]
2004 Davey DurelleHonda CRF12:27.810[note 11]
2005 Micky DymondKTM12:12.614[note 12]
2006 Gary TrachyHusqvarna SMR11:46.841[note 13]
2007 Davey Durelle2005 Rotax11:41.756[note 14]
2008 Davey DurelleAprilia SM 55011:42.991[note 15]
2009 Davey DurelleAprilia SXV11:48.649[note 16]
2010 Gary TrachyTM 66011:33.700[note 17]
2011 Carlin Dunne2011 Ducati Multistrada 120011:11.329[note 18]
2012 Carlin Dunne2012 Ducati Multistrada 12009:52.819[note 19]
2013 Carlin Dunne2013 Lightning Electric Superbike10:00.694
2014 Jeremy Toye2013 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R09:58.687
2015 Jeffrey Tigert2014 Honda CBR1000RR10:02.735
2016 Bruno Langlois2015 Kawasaki Z100010:13.106
2017 Chris Fillmore2017 KTM Super Duke 1290 R9:49:625
2018 Carlin Dunne2018 Ducati MTS-1260 Pikes Peak9:59.102
2019 Rennie Scaysbrook2018 Aprilia Tuono V4 11009:44.963

See also

Notes
  1. Electric
  2. Rookie
  3. In 1935 there was no official competition, however there was a recognised truck test.
  4. In this year the event was run as a non-championship event of the American Automobile Association National Championship
  5. In this year the event was run as part of the American Automobile Association National Championship
  6. In this year the event was run as a non-championship event of the United States Auto Club National Championship
  7. In this year the event was run as part of the United States Auto Club National Championship
  8. The event was run on a shortened course.
  9. In 2002 it was decided that the road should be paved, completion was due before 2012. By the time of the 2002 event the first mile of the course was paved, a total of 6%.
  10. In 2003 the first mile of the course was paved, a total of 6%.
  11. In 2004 the course was 21% paved. The paved section comprised the start line until Halfway Picnic Grounds.
  12. In 2005 the course was 21% paved. The paved section comprised the start line until Halfway Picnic Grounds.
  13. In 2006 the course was 35% paved. The paved section comprised the start line until Halfway Picnic Grounds and the section between Glen Cove and Double Cut.
  14. In 2007 the course was 46% paved. The paved section comprised the start line until Halfway Picnic Grounds and the section between Glen Cove and Devil's Playground.
  15. In 2008 the course was 46% paved. The paved section comprised the start line until Halfway Picnic Grounds and the section between Glen Cove and Devil's Playground.
  16. In 2009 the course was 46% paved. The paved section comprised the start line until Halfway Picnic Grounds and the section between Glen Cove and Devil's Playground.
  17. In 2010 the course was 57% paved. The paved section comprised the start line until Halfway Picnic Grounds, the section between Glen Cove and Devil's Playground, and the last mile.
  18. In 2011 the course was 76% paved. The paved section comprised the start line until Halfway Picnic Grounds and the section between Glen Cove and the summit.
  19. From 2012 onwards the course was fully paved.

References
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  2. "What is the PPIHC?". www.PPIHC.org. PPIHC. Retrieved 2018-07-03.
  3. "Paving Pikes Peak". www.PPIHC.org. PPIHC. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  4. "The Pikes Peak International Hill Climb, still growing after 96 years". www.motorsport.com. motorsport.com. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
  5. "All-time kings of the mountain" (PDF). www.PPIHC.org. PPIHC. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  6. "PPIHC Timeline". www.PPIHC.org. PPIHC. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
  7. "2017 Race winners by year (archived copy)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-09-21.
  8. "Fayette County Historical Museum in Connersville". cruise-in.com. Cruise IN. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
  9. Competition Press & Autoweek, July 23, 1966, Vol.16, No.29, Pages 1, 3.
  10. "Pikes Peak International Hill Climb – hundred years of racing to the clouds". SnapLap. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
  11. "Peugeot's legendary Climb Dance remastered in high-definition glory". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 2018-06-30.
  12. Gazette, The (30 September 2011). "Paving completed on Pike's Peak road, 13 years after Sierra Club suit". denverpost.com.
  13. "CNN – Settlement reached in Pikes Peak suit – April 15, 1999". www.cnn.com.
  14. "Denver Uphill Battle". Westword. 1997-06-12. Retrieved 2012-06-09.
  15. Daniel Chacón (2011-12-20). "Pikes Peak hill climb could expand to 2-day race". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2013-06-01.
  16. "Mike Ryan Sets New Pikes Peak Record!". DesignEngineering.com. Archived from the original on 2013-04-08. Retrieved 2013-06-01.
  17. "8:13.878—Sebastien Loeb vaporizes the Pikes Peak record". Retrieved 2013-07-01.
  18. Tim Biesbrouck (2015-05-19). "Why the future of Pikes Peak International Hill Climb is electric". Retrieved 2018-06-30.
  19. Rekordjagd am Pikes Peak: Elektro schlägt Verbrenner bei motorsport-total.com
  20. Aaron Turpen (2018-06-27). "Why electric vehicles will continue to dominate Pikes Peak after record-shattering run". Teslarati. Retrieved 2018-06-30.
  21. "2014 Live Timing (archived copy)". Archived from the original on 2014-10-08.
  22. "2015 Car Overall Results (archived copy)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-07-24. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  23. Yoney, Domenick. "Rhys Millen wins Pikes Peak under all-electric power". Autoblog. Retrieved 2017-02-10.
  24. The Broadmoor Pikes Peak International Hill Climb (2015-06-28), Rhys Millen Wins Pikes Peak First Electric Car Victory, retrieved 2017-02-10
  25. "2016 Overall Results (archived copy)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-21.
  26. "All-time record: Volkswagen makes history with the I.D. R Pikes Peak". VW Media US. 2018-06-24. Retrieved 2018-06-30.
  27. "Statement from the PPIHC Board of Directors". 2019-07-26. Retrieved 2020-09-23.
  28. "Motorcycle Competition on Pikes Peak – Decision Postponed Until 2021". 2020-09-23. Retrieved 2020-09-23.
  29. "Race Divisions and Classes". www.PPIHC.org. PPIHC. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  30. The Verge (2018-06-24), Volkswagen’s EV racecar just broke records during this year’s Pikes Peak Hill Climb, retrieved 2018-06-25
  31. "PPIHC Race Records" (PDF). www.PPIHC.com. PPIHC. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  32. Ben Morse, for. "Carlin Dunne: Four-time Pikes Peak winner killed in race crash aged 36". CNN. Retrieved 2019-07-01.
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