Politics of Punjab, India

Politics in reorganised present-day Punjab is dominated by mainly two parties. One is Shiromani Akali Dal(Badal)[1] and the other is Indian National Congress.[2] Since 1967, Chief Minister of Punjab has been predominantly from Jatt Sikh community despite its 21 percent state population.[3][4][5] Only exception was Giani Zail Singh, the Chief Minister of Punjab from 17 March 1972 to 30 April 1977 belonging to Ramgarhia community[6][7] that has population of 6 percent and is a part of significant OBC community having population of 31.3 percent in the state.[8] However Scheduled Castes (Dalit) community never had Chief Minister from community[9] nor proper representation in Government, despite having 32 percent population in the state.[10][11] Other prominent party is Bahujan Samaj Party especially in Doaba region[12][13][14][15] founded by Kanshi Ram of Rupnagar district.[16] In 1992 BSP won 9 seats Vidhan Sabha elections.[17] Also BSP won 3 lok sabha seats from Punjab in 1996 general elections[18] [19] and only Garhshanker seat in 1997 Vidhan Sabha elections.[20] Communist parties too have some influence in the Malwa area.[21] In the 2014 general elections, the first-time contesting Aam Aadmi Party got 4 out of 13 seats in Punjab by winning 34 of the total 117 assembly segments, coming second in 7, third in 73 and fourth in the rest 3 segments.[22] The support for the Aam Aadmi Party increased later in Punjab.[23][24] The current Government was elected in the 2017 Punjab Assembly elections and the Congress won 77 out of 117 Assembly seats with Captain Amarinder Singh as the current Chief Minister. The AAP, fighting its first assembly election in the state, won 20 seats. The incumbent BJP-SAD alliance came third with 18 seats.[25]

History

Pre-1947 period

Before 1947 partition of Punjab, politics were dominated by Unionist Party as it was main party in united Punjab especially seen in 1937 elections.[26][27]

1947–1966

During 1947-1966 Punjab was undivided and consisted of present-day Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, and Chandigarh.[28] This meant that both population and religion factor of whole state was mixed and politics were dominated by Indian National Congress.[29][30][31][32]

Political parties

Punjab has many political parties but only eight parties recognized by Election Commission of India and having presence in the state:

Constituencies

Following is the list of Parliamentary constituencies (PC) and Assembly constituencies (AC) of Punjab:-

In Punjab each Parliamentary constituency consists Nine Assembly constituencies.
PC No. Parliamentary Constituency AC No. Assembly Constituency
1 Gurdaspur
1 Sujanpur
2 Bhoa
3 Pathankot
4 Gurdaspur
5 Dina Nagar
6 Qadian
7 Batala
9 Fatehgarh Churian
10 Dera Baba Nanak
2 Amritsar 11 Ajnala
12 Raja Sansi
13 Majitha
15 Amritsar North
16 Amritsar West
17 Amritsar Central
18 Amritsar East
19 Amritsar South
20 Attari
3 Khadoor Sahib 14 Jandiala
21 Tarn Taran
22 Khem Karan
23 Patti
24 Khadoor Sahib
25 Baba Bakala
27 Kapurthala
28 Sultanpur Lodhi
75 Zira
4 Jalandhar 30 Phillaur
31 Nakodar
32 Shahkot
33 Kartarpur
34 Jalandhar West
35 Jalandhar Central
36 Jalandhar North
37 Jalandhar Cantt.
38 Adampur
5 Hoshiarpur 8 Sri Hargobindpur
26 Bholath
29 Phagwara
39 Mukerian
40 Dasuya
41 Urmar
42 Sham Chaurasi
43 Hoshiarpur
44 Chabbewal
6 Anandpur Sahib 45 Garhshankar
46 Banga
47 Nawanshahr
48 Balachaur
49 Anandpur Sahib
50 Rupnagar
51 Chamkaur Sahib
52 Kharar
53 S.A.S. Nagar
7 Ludhiana 60 Ludhiana East
61 Ludhiana South
62 Atam Nagar
63 Ludhiana Central
64 Ludhiana West
65 Ludhiana North
66 Gill
68 Dakha
70 Jagraon
8 Fatehgarh Sahib 54 Bassi Pathana
55 Fatehgarh Sahib
56 Amloh
57 Khanna
58 Samrala
59 Sahnewal
67 Payal
69 Raikot
106 Amargarh
9 Faridkot 71 Nihal Singhwala
72 Bhagha Purana
73 Moga
74 Dharamkot
84 Gidderbaha
87 Faridkot
88 Kotkapura
89 Jaitu
90 Rampura Phul
10 Ferozepur 76 Firozpur City
77 Firozpur Rural
78 Guru Har Sahai
79 Jalalabad
80 Fazilka
81 Abohar
82 Balluana
85 Malout
86 Muktsar
11 Bathinda 83 Lambi
91 Bhucho Mandi
92 Bathinda Urban
93 Bathinda Rural
94 Talwandi Sabo
95 Maur
96 Mansa
97 Sardulgarh
98 Budhlada
12 Sangrur 99 Lehra
100 Dirba
101 Sunam
102 Bhadaur
103 Barnala
104 Mehal Kalan
105 Malerkotla
107 Dhuri
108 Sangrur
13 Patiala 109 Nabha
110 Patiala Rural
111 Rajpura
112 Dera Bassi
113 Ghanaur
114 Sanour
115 Patiala
116 Samana
117 Shutrana

See also

References

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  2. "Punjab's tryst with destiny". The Indian Express. 24 October 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  3. "Dalit votes to decide ruling party of Punjab". India Today. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  4. "Why only a Jat Sikh can become Punjab CM, questions ousted Cong leader - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  5. Kumar, Pramod (11 January 2017). "The Punjab poll vault". The Tribune. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  6. "Ramgarhia Forum appeals CM Fadnavis for OBC status to Ramgarhia Sikhs in state". nagpurtoday.in. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  7. "Amarinder challenges CM Badal from Lambi - The Sunday Guardian Live". The Sunday Guardian Live. 15 January 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  8. "Quota will have little impact in Punjab". The Tribune. 11 January 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  9. "Meira Kumar gives call for Dalit Punjab CM - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  10. "Amarinder Singh cabinet has 3 Dalits despite 32 per cent vote share, Jat Sikhs continue to rule Punjab". India Today. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  11. "Punjab Congress faces rebellion over lack of representation for Dalits". CatchNews.com. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  12. "Punjab: In Doaba, BSP promoting 'Ambedkarite culture' to 'politically awaken' Dalits". The Indian Express. 17 April 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  13. "Elephant emerges the dark horse in Punjab". The Indian Express. 26 May 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  14. "BSP's Punjab Surprise: Three Candidates Finish Third, Fares Better Than AAP". News18. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  15. "BSP gains in Punjab amid PDA thrashing". The Times of India. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  16. "Kanshi Ram and the Making of Dalit Political Agency". Economic and Political Weekly. 56 (3): 7–8. 16 January 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  17. "Punjab Assembly Election Results in 1992". Elections.in. 11 April 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  18. Roy, Meenu (1996). India Votes, Elections 1996: A Critical Analysis. p. 198. ISBN 9788171009008.
  19. "Result Of Punjab In 1996".
  20. "In 1997, the BSP won Vidhan Sabha seat of Garhshankar". hindustantimes.com/. 18 May 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  21. Kumar, P. "Coalition Politics in Punjab in E. Sridharan" (PDF).
  22. "Details of Assembly Segments of Parliamentary Constituencies - General Elections, 2014 - 16th Lok Sabha (page 946 of 1698)" (PDF). Election Commission of India.
  23. N, TN (20 May 2014). "Other party netas lining up for AAP". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  24. Mohan, Vibhor (21 May 2014). "AAP may face problem of plenty in choosing candidates for bypolls". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  25. "Punjab Election Result 2017: Congress' Amarinder Singh Defeats Akali Dal-BJP, AAP - Highlights". NDTV.com. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  26. Talbot, Ian (16 December 2013). Khizr Tiwana, the Punjab Unionist Party and the Partition of India. ISBN 9781136790362.
  27. Low, D. A. (18 June 1991). Political Inheritance of Pakistan. p. 86. ISBN 9781349115563.
  28. Dhaliwal, Sarbjit (9 September 2016). "Punjabi Suba: What's there to celebrate?". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  29. "Revisiting past elections..." Tribuneindia News Service. 30 October 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  30. "When Punjab & PEPSU merged". Tribuneindia News Service. 6 November 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  31. "Kairon retains his hold on Punjab". Tribuneindia News Service. 13 November 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  32. "A United Front pushes Congress to the Opposition Benches". Tribuneindia News Service. 20 November 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  33. "List of All the Political Parties in India". Jagranjosh.com. 16 April 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  34. "Recognition of 'All India Trinamool Congress, as a National party" (PDF). ECI. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
  35. "Aam Aadmi Party recognised as state party in Punjab". Deccan Chronicle. 3 June 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  36. "State Parties". eci.nic.in. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
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