Punjabi Braille

Punjabi Braille is the braille alphabet used in India for Punjabi. It is one of the Bharati braille alphabets, and largely conforms to the letter values of the other Bharati alphabets.[1]

Punjabi Braille
Gurmukhi Braille
Type
LanguagesPunjabi language
Parent systems
Print basis
Gurmukhi alphabet

Alphabet

The alphabet is as follows.[2] Vowel letters are used rather than diacritics, and they occur after consonants in their spoken order. For orthographic conventions, see Bharati Braille.

Gurmukhi ਅਆਇਈਉਊਏਐਓਔ
ISOaāiīuūēeōo
Braille
Gurmukhi ਕਖਗਘਙ
ISOkkhgghṅ
Braille
Gurmukhi ਚਛਜਝਞ
ISOcchjjhñ
Braille
Gurmukhi ਟਠਡਢਣ
ISOṭṭhḍḍhṇ
Braille
Gurmukhi ਤਥਦਧਨ
ISOtthddhn
Braille
Gurmukhi ਪਫਬਭਮ
ISOpphbbhm
Braille
Gurmukhi ਯਰਲਵ
ISOyrlv
Braille
Gurmukhi ਸਹੜ
ISOshṛ [3]
Braille

Pointing

The Bharati point, ⠐, is only used to derive one consonant, ਗ਼ ġa /ɣə/, from the base consonant letter ਗ ga /ɡə/. This system also operates in Hindi Braille and Indian Urdu Braille, but the Punjabi Braille alphabet is closer to Indian Urdu, as all other consonants that are pointed in print, such as ਖ਼ xa, are rendered with dedicated letters in braille based on international values. The six pointed letters in the Gurmukhi script have the following equivalents in braille:

Gurmukhi ਖ਼ਗ਼ਜ਼ਫ਼ਲ਼ਸ਼
ISOxġzfḷś
Braille

Codas

Points are used for syllable codas.

Gurmukhi ਕ੍ਕਂਕਃਕਁ
DiacriticsHalantAnusvaraVisargaCandrabindu
Braille

Punctuation

See Bharati Braille#Punctuation.

References
  1. World Braille Usage, UNESCO, -2013
  2. UNESCO (2013) World Braille Usage, 3rd edition.
  3. Unesco (2013) also has ⠐⠻ for ੜ੍ਹ ṛh, but this is an apparent copy error: ੜ੍ਹ is a sequence ṛ-h, not the equivalent of the single letter ṛh in other Indic scripts.
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