Quli Qutb Mulk
Sultan Quli Qutb Shah (also transliterated in different ways), a Turkmen[1][2][3] from Hamadan in Iran,[4] was the founder of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, which ruled the Sultanate of Golconda in southern India from 1518 to 1687. He died in 1543.[5]
| Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk | |
|---|---|
| First Sultan of Qutb Shahi dynasty | |
| 1st Sultan of the Qutb Shahi Sultanate of Golconda | |
| Reign | 1512–1543 |
| Successor | Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah |
| Born | 1470 Hamadan, Persia |
| Died | September 2, 1543 (aged 72–73) Hyderabad, Sultanate of Golconda |
| Burial | Qutb Shahi tombs, Hyderabad |
| Issue | Qutbuddin Jamsheed Abdul Karim Husayn Ibrahim |
| House | Qutb Shahi dynasty |
| Father | Uways Quli Beg |
| Mother | Maryam Khanum |
Background
Sultan Quli Qutb Shah was a descendant of Qara Yusuf via his paternal grandfather (Pir Quli Beg who was grandson of Qara Iskander) and paternal grandmother (Khadija Begum who was granddaughter of Jahanshah). His father was Uways Quli Beg and mother was Maryam Khanum (daughter of Malik Saleh of Hamadan).[6][7] He migrated to Delhi with some of his relatives and friends, including his uncle Allah Quli Beg in the beginning of the 16th century. Later he migrated south to Deccan and served the Bahmani sultan.[8]
Setting up Qutb Shahi Sultanate
After the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate into the five Deccan sultanates, he declared independence and took the title of Qutb Shah, and established the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda.
Extension of Sultanate
Quli Qutb Shah was a contemporary of Krishana Deva Raya and his younger brother Achyuta Deva Raya of the Vijayanagara empire. Quli extended his rule by capturing forts at Warangal, Kondapalli, Eluru, and Rajamundry, while Krishnadevaraya was fighting the ruler of Odisha. He defeated Sitapati Raju (known as Shitab Khan), the ruler of Khammam, and captured the fort. He forced Odisha's ruler Vishwanath Dev Gajapati to surrender all the territories between the mouths of Krishna and Godavari rivers.[9] He was able to occupy Eluru, Rajamundry and Machilipatnam extending his rule to Coastal Andhra. Quli's campaign against Krishnadevaraya continued until Timmarusu, the Prime Minister of Krishnadevaraya, defeated the Golconda army.
Death and Succession
Sultan Quli Qutb Shah died in 1543. His second son, Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah, assassinated him while he was offering his prayers.[8] Jamsheed also blinded Quli's eldest son and heir, Kutbuddeen and assumed the throne. His sixth son Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah fled to Vijayanagara. Jamsheed killed his brother (third son of Sultan Quli Qutb ul Mulk), Abdul Quadeer who revolted after his father's death.
References
- Ahmed, Farooqui Salma (2011). A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century. p. 177.
- Bowman, John Stewart (2013). Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture. p. 276.
- Bolar, Varija R. (2012). "Turks In Karnataka - social sciences ejournals archive". Dept. Of History and Archaeology. 4: 419.
- Iranian Culture and South Asia:1500-1900, Juan R.I. Cole, Iran and the Surrounding World: Interactions in Culture and Cultural Politics, ed. Nikki R. Keddie, Rudi Matthee, (University of Washington Press, 2002), 25.
- Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. p. 118. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- Minorsky, V. (1 January 1955). "The Qara-qoyunlu and the Qutb-shāhs (Turkmenica, 10)". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 17 (1): 50–73. doi:10.1017/s0041977x00106342. JSTOR 609229.
- Ramanand Vidya Bhawan, The Indian Historical Quarterly, Volume 16, Issues 1-4, 1985, p.711
- George Michell, Mark Zebrowski, The New Cambridge History of India: 1. The Portuguese in India, (Cambridge University Press, 1999), 17.
- KSB Singh 1939, p. 18.
- KSB Singh (1939). Nandapur A Forsaken Kingdom. Utkal Sahitya Press. ISBN 978-81-86772-17-1.
| Preceded by - |
Qutb Shahi dynasty 1512–1543 |
Succeeded by Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah |