Rapid fire pistol at the Olympics

The rapid fire pistol is the only shooting event on the current Olympic programme that dates back to 1896, since the removal of the men's free pistol. The current rapid fire pistol event is the ISSF 25 meter rapid fire pistol. The format and rules for the rapid fire pistol event changed widely in the early Olympics.[1] The event format has been largely standardized since 1924, though there have been significant rule changes since.

ISSF 25 meter rapid fire pistol
at the Olympic Games
2016 Olympic shooting range
Overview
SportShooting
GenderMen
Years heldMen: 1896, 1900, 1912, 1924, 19322016
Reigning champion
Men Christian Reitz (GER)

There has never been a women's version of the rapid fire pistol event; the current programme pairs the men's rapid fire pistol with the women's free pistol for gender equality. Women were nominally able to compete against men in the 1968 through 1980 Games, although very few women participated these years.

A team event was held twice, in 1912 and 1920.

Variants

The early Games had a few variants of the event:

  • 1896: The event featured "muzzle-loading" pistols, which were required to be of .45 caliber. The distance was 25 metres, the current standard. As with other 1896 events, a multiplicative scoring system was used. Timing is unknown.[2][3]
  • 1900: This event was limited to professionals (a significant departure from the general amateurism principles of the time). Only six shots were fired per shooter. The pistols used are sometimes described as "military" pistols. Timing is unknown. Distance was 20 metres.
  • 1912: This was a "dueling pistols" event. The timing in this event involved single shots rather than true rapid fire, but the target would appear for only 3 seconds for each shot. A full silhouette target was used. Distance was 30 metres. Hits, rather than score, was used as the first criterion for ranking shooters; only those tied on hits were sorted by score.[4][5][6]
  • 1920: Like 1900, this is sometimes identified as a "military" pistols event. The distance was 30 metres. Shooters fired 30 shots each, with targets that had scoring circles up to 10 points apiece. Shooters had the option of using their team event score or shooting again for the individual match.
  • 1924–1936: These three Games used variations on a hit-or-miss theme. Shots were fired in series of 6 shots, each at 6 targets. The score for the series was how many targets were hit; there were no scoring rings. The initial round used 3 series (maximum score 18), while successive rounds of 1 series each were used to narrow the field from those who scored perfectly. In 1924, the first round had the targets available for 10 seconds, with all later rounds being 8 seconds; for the other two Games, the first round was 8 seconds and the later rounds got faster each round, down to 2 seconds in the fifth round.

Medals

Men

Games Gold Silver Bronze
1896 Athens
Ioannis Frangoudis
 Greece
Georgios Orphanidis
 Greece
Holger Nielsen
 Denmark
1900 Paris
Maurice Larrouy
 France
Léon Moreaux
 France
Eugène Balme
 France
1904 St. Louis Not held
1908 London Not held
1912 Stockholm
Alfred Lane
 United States
Paul Palén
 Sweden
Johan Hübner von Holst
 Sweden
1920 Antwerp
Guilherme Paraense
 Brazil
Raymond Bracken
 United States
Fritz Zulauf
 Switzerland
1924 Paris
Henry Bailey
 United States
Vilhelm Carlberg
 Sweden
Lennart Hannelius
 Finland
1928 Amsterdam Not held
1932 Los Angeles
Renzo Morigi
 Italy
Heinrich Hax
 Germany
Domenico Matteucci
 Italy
1936 Berlin
Cornelius van Oyen
 Germany
Heinrich Hax
 Germany
Torsten Ullman
 Sweden
1948 London
Károly Takács
 Hungary
Carlos Enrique Díaz Sáenz Valiente
 Argentina
Sven Lundquist
 Sweden
1952 Helsinki
Károly Takács
 Hungary
Szilárd Kun
 Hungary
Gheorghe Lichiardopol
 Romania
1956 Melbourne
Ștefan Petrescu
 Romania
Yevgeny Cherkasov
 Soviet Union
Gheorghe Lichiardopol
 Romania
1960 Rome
Bill McMillan
 United States
Pentti Linnosvuo
 Finland
Aleksandr Zabelin
 Soviet Union
1964 Tokyo
Pentti Linnosvuo
 Finland
Ion Tripșa
 Romania
Lubomír Nácovský
 Czechoslovakia
1968 Mexico City
(mixed)
Józef Zapędzki
 Poland
Marcel Roșca
 Romania
Renart Suleymanov
 Soviet Union
1972 Munich
(mixed)
Józef Zapędzki
 Poland
Ladislav Falta
 Czechoslovakia
Viktor Torshin
 Soviet Union
1976 Montreal
(mixed)
Norbert Klaar
 East Germany
Jürgen Wiefel
 East Germany
Roberto Ferraris
 Italy
1980 Moscow
(mixed)
Corneliu Ion
 Romania
Jürgen Wiefel
 East Germany
Gerhard Petritsch
 Austria
1984 Los Angeles
Takeo Kamachi
 Japan
Corneliu Ion
 Romania
Rauno Bies
 Finland
1988 Seoul
Afanasijs Kuzmins
 Soviet Union
Ralf Schumann
 East Germany
Zoltán Kovács
 Hungary
1992 Barcelona
Ralf Schumann
 Germany
Afanasijs Kuzmins
 Latvia
Vladimir Vokhmyanin
 Unified Team
1996 Atlanta
Ralf Schumann
 Germany
Emil Milev
 Bulgaria
Vladimir Vokhmyanin
 Kazakhstan
2000 Sydney
Sergei Alifirenko
 Russia
Michel Ansermet
 Switzerland
Iulian Raicea
 Romania
2004 Athens
Ralf Schumann
 Germany
Sergei Polyakov
 Russia
Sergei Alifirenko
 Russia
2008 Beijing
Oleksandr Petriv
 Ukraine
Ralf Schumann
 Germany
Christian Reitz
 Germany
2012 London
Leuris Pupo
 Cuba
Vijay Kumar
 India
Ding Feng
 China
2016 Rio de Janeiro
Christian Reitz
 Germany
Jean Quiquampoix
 France
Li Yuehong
 China

Multiple medalists

Rank Gymnast Nation Olympics Gold Silver Bronze Total
1Ralf Schumann East Germany (GDR)
 Germany (GER)
1988–1996, 2004–20083205
2Károly Takács Hungary (HUN)1948–19522002
Józef Zapędzki Poland (POL)1968–19722002
4Pentti Linnosvuo Finland (FIN)1960–19641102
Corneliu Ion Romania (ROU)1980–19841102
Afanasijs Kuzmins Soviet Union (URS)
 Latvia (LAT)
1988–19921102
7Sergei Alifirenko Russia (RUS)2000–20041012
Christian Reitz Germany (GER)2008, 20161012
9Heinrich Hax Germany (GER)1932–19360202
Jürgen Wiefel East Germany (GDR)1976–19800202
11Gheorghe Lichiardopol Romania (ROU)1952–19560022
Vladimir Vokhmyanin Unified Team (EUN)
 Kazakhstan (KAZ)
1992–19960022

Medalists by nation

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Germany (GER)5319
2 United States (USA)3104
3 Romania (ROU)2338
4 Hungary (HUN)2114
5 Poland (POL)2002
6 Brazil (BRA)1001
7 East Germany (GDR)1304
8 France (FRA)1214
9 Soviet Union (URS)1135
10 Finland (FIN)1124
11 Russia (RUS)1113
12 Greece (GRE)1102
13 Italy (ITA)1023
14 Cuba (CUB)1001
 Japan (JPN)1001
 Ukraine (UKR)1001
17 Sweden (SWE)0235
18 Czechoslovakia (TCH)0112
 Switzerland (SUI)0112
20 Argentina (ARG)0101
 Bulgaria (BUL)0101
 India (IND)0101
 Latvia (LAT)0101
24 China (CHN)0022
25 Austria (AUT)0011
 Denmark (DEN)0011
 Unified Team (EUN)0011
 Kazakhstan (KAZ)0011

Team rapid fire pistol

Men

Games Gold Silver Bronze
1912 Stockholm
Eric Carlberg, Vilhelm Carlberg, Johan Hübner von Holst, Paul Palén
 Sweden
Amos Kash, Nikolai Melnitsky, Grigori Panteleimonov, Pavel Voyloshnikov
 Russia
Hugh Durant, Albert Kempster, Horatio Poulter, Charles Stewart
 Great Britain
1920 Antwerp
Louis Harant, Alfred Lane, Karl Frederick, James H. Snook, Michael Kelly
 United States
Alexandros Vrasivanopoulos, Georgios Moraitinis, Iason Sappas, Alexandros Theofilakis, Ioannis Theofilakis
 Greece
Fritz Zulauf, Joseph Jehle, Gustave Amoudruz, Hans Egli, Domenico Giambonini
 Switzerland

References

  1. Not all sources include the first four appearances of the event (1896, 1900, 1912, and 1920) as rapid fire pistol events. 1980 Official Report, vol. 3, p. 531, lists the prior champions in the rapid fire pistol, including three of those events and indicating they are part of the rapid fire pistol series; the ISSF lists all four at its website.
  2. "Muzzle-Loading Pistol, 25 metres, Men". Olympedia. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  3. Official Report, part 2, p. 94.
  4. "Muzzle-Loading Pistol, 25 metres, Men". Olympedia. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  5. 1912 Official Report, p. 1062.
  6. 1912 Official Report, p. 701.
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