Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
By the end of World War II the number of Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union was significant, up to 100,000 of them having been disarmed after August 23, 1944, the date when Romania switched its alliance from the Axis Powers to the Allies. Before that date almost 165,000 Romanian soldiers were reported missing, with most of them assumed to be POW. Soviet authorities generally used prisoners of war as a work force in various labor camps.[1]
For example, 6,730 Romanians worked in the Spassky camp of Karlag, in Karaganda Oblast, Kazakh SSR,[2] Spassky camp nr. 99 was established in July 1941, and was the largest POW camp in the region. While most of those prisoners were German and Japanese, over 8,000 of them were Romanian POWs.[3] Over 1,100 of those Romanian prisoners died at Spassky camp, due to the harsh conditions there.[3]
Some Romanian prisoners volunteered to fight for the Soviets; they went on to form the Tudor Vladimirescu Division under Nicolae Cambrea in October 1943, but it did not go into action until after King Michael's Coup led Romania to join the Allies. In April 1945 a second division, the Horia, Cloșca și Crișan Division led by Mihail Lascăr, was created, a mixture of prisoners and Romanian communist volunteers, but the war ended before it saw combat.
An April 1946 report to Vyacheslav Molotov (see the wikisource reference) stated that in 1945, 61,662 Romanian POWs were repatriated, 20,411 took part in forming Romanian volunteer divisions, and about 50,000 more remained in labor camps. The last Romanian POW were freed in 1956. Some were arrested again by Communist Romanian authorities on their arrival in Romania "for waging war on the Soviet Union", and sent to Sighet prison.[3]
On September 9, 2003, a granite monument was inaugurated at the Spassky camp cemetery by then-Romanian President Ion Iliescu.[4] It bears the inscription "In memoriam. To those over 900 Romanian prisoners of war who died in Stalinist camps in central Kazakhstan in 1941–1950."
References
- Lambru, Steliu (25 August 2014). "Romanian Prisoners in the USSR after WWII". Radio Romania International. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
- Frank Gordon, "Latvians and Jews between Germany and Russia", Memento, Stockholm, 1990 ISBN 91-87114-08-9, page 81 (in Swedish and English)
- (in Romanian) Alexandra Olivotto, "Prizonieri români in Kazahstan" (Romanian prisoners in Kazakhstan), Cotidianul, April 14, 2006
- (in Romanian) "Istorie şi Destin - Prezenţa Românilor în Kazahstan" (History and destiny - Romanian presence in Kazakhstan), Observatorul, Toronto, January 15, 2007
Further reading
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- A. Antonov-Ovseenko, "The Time of Stalin--portrait of a tyranny", Harper & Row, San Francisco, 1981. ISBN 0-06-010148-2
- (in German) Johann Urwich-Ferry, "Ohne Pass durch die UdSSR", printing house of the "Romanian-German studies group", München, 1976 - 1978, (in Romanian)"Fără paşaport prin URSS. Amintiri", Editura Eminescu, Bucureşti, 1999.
- Florin Constantiniu. "Surse sovietice despre prizonierii români în URSS" (in Romanian). Clipa. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
- "Romanian Prisoners in the USSR after WWII", Radio România Internaţional (in Romanian)
- Vitalie Văratec, Prizonieri de război români în Uniunea Sovietică. Documente 1941–1956. (Romanian Prisoners of War in the Soviet Union. Documents 1941-1956), Bucureşti, Monitorul oficial R.A., 2013 (Book presentation at the Romanian Foreifn Ministry and review)