Royal christening gown

A royal christening gown is an item of baptismal clothing used by a royal family at family christenings. Among those presently using such a gown are the royal families of the United Kingdom, Denmark, the Netherlands, Spain, and Sweden. In most of these families, the tradition goes back over a century: as of 2019, the Swedish gown has been in service for 113 years, the Dutch gown for 139 years, and the Danish gown for 149 years; the current British gown (a replica of the one used for 163 years) has been in use since 2008. The Spanish gown has been in use for 81 years.

Princess Margaret of Connaught wears the British gown in 1882, held by her grandmother Queen Victoria.

While it is the tradition for these families to reuse the same gowns, some members of these families have decided to use their own purpose-bought gowns for their children. In 1867 for the christening of Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein, his mother Princess Helena used a different gown given to her by her mother Queen Victoria; and Prince Joachim of Denmark has favoured using gowns by the Danish designer Henrik Hviid for his children, Prince Nikolai, Prince Felix, Prince Henrik, and Princess Athena.

United Kingdom

British royal christening gown
Prince George of Wales wears the original gown at his christening in 1903. He is held by his brother Prince Edward, who had worn it nine years earlier.
DesignerJanet Sutherland (original)
Angela Kelly (replica)
Year1841 (original)
2008 (replica)
TypeBaptismal clothing
MaterialHoniton lace
Spitalfields silk satin

The Honiton christening gown or simply royal christening gown is an item of baptismal clothing used by the British royal family at every christening. The original gown was created for the christening of Victoria, Princess Royal, in 1841 and was used by the family until 2004, when it was retired for conservation.[1] Elizabeth II commissioned a replica of the 1841 gown which was first used for the christening of her youngest grandson, James, Viscount Severn, in 2008; this replica gown is the one in use as of 2019. The gown was most recently used for the christening of Archie Mountbatten-Windsor in July 2019.[2]

History

In 1840, Queen Victoria and Prince Albert's first child, Princess Victoria, Princess Royal, was born. For the Princess Royal's christening on 10 February 1841, her parents commissioned both the Lily Font and a new christening gown.[3] The gown was designed by Janet Sutherland, who served as Embroiderer to the Queen.[4] It was made of Honiton lace and Spitalfields silk, and was fashioned after Queen Victoria's wedding dress.[1]

The gown was kept and reused by Victoria for all her children and for all her "English grandchildren" (the children of Albert Edward and Alexandra, Alfred and Marie, Arthur and Louise, Leopold and Helena, and Beatrice and Henry).[5] Subsequent generations of the family also continued to use it, including Victoria's great-grandson Lord Louis Mountbatten.[6]

Four kings, four queens, an empress and a crown princess were christened in the original gown:[1]

Child christened Life dates Date and place of christening Parents
Victoria, Princess Royal
(latterly Victoria, German Empress and Queen of Prussia as the wife of Frederick III, German Emperor)
21 November 1840

5 August 1901
10 February 1841

Buckingham Palace
Queen Victoria
— and —
Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Albert Edward, Prince of Wales
(latterly King Edward VII of the United Kingdom)
9 November 1841

6 May 1910
25 January 1842

Windsor Castle
Queen Victoria
— and —
Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Prince George of Wales
(latterly King George V of the United Kingdom)
3 June 1865

20 January 1936
7 July 1865

Windsor Castle
Albert Edward, Prince of Wales
— and —
Princess Alexandra of Denmark
Princess Maud of Wales
(latterly Queen Maud of Norway as the wife of King Haakon VII of Norway)
26 November 1869

20 November 1938
24 December 1869

Marlborough House
Albert Edward, Prince of Wales
— and —
Princess Alexandra of Denmark
Princess Marie of Edinburgh
(latterly Queen Marie of Romania as the wife of King Ferdinand I of Romania)
29 October 1875

18 July 1938
15 December 1875

Windsor Castle
Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh
— and —
Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia
Princess Margaret of Connaught
(latterly Crown Princess Margaret of Sweden as the wife of Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden)
15 January 1882

1 May 1920
11 March 1882

Windsor Castle
Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
— and —
Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia
Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg
(latterly Queen Victoria Eugenie of Spain as the wife of King Alfonso XIII of Spain)
24 October 1887

15 April 1969
23 November 1887

Balmoral Castle
Prince Henry of Battenberg
— and —
Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom
Prince Edward of York
(latterly King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom)
23 June 1894

28 May 1972
16 July 1894

White Lodge, Richmond Park
Prince George, Duke of York
— and —
Princess Mary of Teck
Prince Albert of York
(latterly King George VI of the United Kingdom)
14 December 1895

6 February 1952
17 February 1896

St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham
Prince George, Duke of York
— and —
Princess Mary of Teck
Princess Elizabeth of York
(latterly Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom)
21 April 1926
(age 94 years, 289 days old)
29 May 1926

Buckingham Palace
Prince Albert, Duke of York
— and —
Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon

In total, the original gown was used by 62 royal children over a period of 163 years, including by the current heir apparent, Charles, Prince of Wales.[1] Both Charles' sons, his heir apparent Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and younger son Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, were christened in the original gown, while all their children (George, Charlotte, Louis and Archie) were christened in the replica gown.[1]

There are strict instructions relating to the care of the gown, including that it be washed by hand with spring water after each use and be stored in a dark room. These measures are meant to slow down the garment's aging process and to preserve it as much as possible.[3] In her journal entry for 15 December 1875, the day of Princess Marie of Edinburgh's christening, Queen Victoria said of the dress' condition: "The Baby was dressed in the old Christening robe, which will hardly hold together!"[7] At that time, the dress was 34 years old.

Replica gown

The 1841 gown was last used in 2004 at the christening of Lady Louise Windsor, 163 years after its first use; Queen Elizabeth II subsequently decided it was too fragile for continued use and had the gown retired. The Queen then commissioned her personal wardrobe advisor Angela Kelly to recreate the original gown. Craftsmen from both the United Kingdom and Italy were involved in the project, so as to ensure that the new gown would be as similar to the original as possible.[1]

The replica gown was first used on 19 April 2008 at James, Viscount Severn's christening, and has been in use ever since. The gown's most recent use was the christening of Archie Mountbatten-Windsor in July 2019.[8]

Denmark

Danish royal christening gown
Prince Frederick of Denmark wears the dåbskjole at his christening in 1899, held by his great-grandfather, Christian IX of Denmark.
Year1870
TypeBaptismal clothing
MaterialBrussels lace

The Dåbskjole (lit. christening gown) was first used in 1870 for the christening of Christian X of Denmark. Three kings and two queens have been baptised in this gown:[9]

Child christened Life dates Date and place of christening Parents
Prince Christian of Denmark
(latterly King Christian X of Denmark)
26 September 1870

20 April 1947
31 October 1870

Christiansborg Palace
Crown Prince Frederick of Denmark
— and —
Princess Lovisa of Sweden and Norway
Prince Carl of Denmark
(latterly King Haakon VII of Norway)
3 August 1872

21 September 1957
7 September 1872

Charlottenlund Palace
Crown Prince Frederick of Denmark
— and —
Princess Lovisa of Sweden and Norway
Prince Frederick of Denmark
(latterly King Frederick IX of Denmark)
11 March 1899

14 January 1972
9 April 1899

Sorgenfri Palace
Prince Christian of Denmark
— and —
Duchess Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Princess Margrethe of Denmark and Iceland
(latterly Queen Margrethe II of Denmark)
16 April 1940
(age 80 years, 294 days old)
14 May 1940

The Church of Holmen, Copenhagen
Crown Prince Frederick of Denmark and Iceland
— and —
Princess Ingrid of Sweden
Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark
(latterly Queen Anne-Marie of Greece as the wife of King Constantine II of Greece)
30 August 1946
(age 74 years, 158 days old)
9 October 1946

The Church of Holmen, Copenhagen
Crown Prince Frederick of Denmark
— and —
Princess Ingrid of Sweden

Queen Margrethe II's heir apparent, Crown Prince Frederik, and his heir apparent, Prince Christian, have also been baptised in the gown.

This gown is made of Brussels lace, and was bought by Crown Princess Louise in Belgium for her eldest son's christening.[9] The gown was most recently used in 2012 for the christening of Crown Prince Frederik and Crown Princess Mary's son Prince Vincent. Rather than wearing the traditional family gown, Prince Joachim's children have worn gowns designed by Henrik Hviid, while Princess Josephine, Prince Vincent's twin sister, wore a gown found among Queen Ingrid's belongings.[10]

Netherlands

Dutch royal christening gown
Princess Juliana wears the doopjurk in 1909. She is held by her mother, Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands.
DesignerAnne Maria Schelfhout-Picnot
Year1880
TypeBaptismal clothing
MaterialBrussels lace

The doopjurk (lit. christening gown) is an item of clothing used by the Dutch royal family at every christening. The original gown was commissioned by Queen Emma for the christening of her daughter Princess Wilhelmina in 1880.[11]

The Dutch gown has been worn by at least thirteen royal babies over 139 years, accounting for all monarchs since Wilhelmina and their children.[11]

History

In the Netherlands, a christening was usually the first time a royal baby was introduced to the public. Before Wilhelmina's christening in 1880, the mother of the child was not usually present at the service. It was also rare that christenings were held outside of churches.[12]

The gown was hand sewn by Anne Maria Schelfhout-Picnot, a clothing supplier to Queen Emma who specialized in infant clothing. Made of Brussels lace, the gown is decorated with floral motifs and the Dutch royal coat of arms.[11] Four Dutch monarchs have been baptised in this gown:[13]

Child christened Life dates Date and place of christening Parents
Princess Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
(latterly Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands)
31 August 1880

28 November 1962
12 October 1880

The Hague
King William III
— and —
Princess Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Princess Juliana of the Netherlands
(latterly Queen Juliana of the Netherlands)
30 April 1909

20 March 2004
5 June 1909

Het Loo Palace
Queen Wilhelmina
— and —
Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands
(latterly Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands)
31 January 1938
(age 83 years, 4 days old)
12 May 1938

Great Church, The Hague
Princess Juliana of the Netherlands
— and —
Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld
Prince Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands
(latterly King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands)
27 April 1967
(age 53 years, 283 days old)
2 September 1967

Great Church, The Hague
Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands
— and —
Claus van Amsberg

King Willem-Alexander's heir apparent, Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange, and his other two daughters, Princess Alexia and Princess Ariane, have also been baptised in this gown.[11] The gown was most recently used at the christening of Princess Ariane in 2007.[11]

The extended royal family

For other members of the Dutch royal house, such as Princess Margriet of the Netherlands and her family, christenings are private occasions, and most have taken place in the chapel of Het Loo Palace. It is also tradition that the baptism is conducted by the minister who officiated at the child's parents' wedding.[12]

Spain

Spanish royal christening gown
Year1938
TypeBaptismal clothing
MaterialBeige linen and satin

The faldón de cristianar (lit. baptismal gown), is the gown used by the Spanish royal family. It was first commissioned in 1938 by the then-exiled Infante Juan and Infanta María de las Mercedes of Spain for their son, Infante Juan Carlos.

This gown is made of beige linen, with satin ribbons and hand-embroidered lace.[14]

History

The gown was first used for the christening of Juan Carlos I in 1938. At this time, the Spanish royal family were in exile in Rome during the Civil War, whilst Spain was under the dictatorship of Francisco Franco. The family were later permitted to return before Juan Carlos' installation as King of Spain, and the first use of the gown in Spain was for the christening of Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo in 1963.[14]

Two Spanish monarchs have been christened in this gown:[14]

Child christened Life dates Date and place of christening Parents
Infante Juan Carlos of Spain
(latterly King Juan Carlos I of Spain)
5 January 1938
(age 83 years, 30 days old)
26 January 1938

Rome, Italy
Infante Juan of Spain
— and —
Princess María de las Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
Infante Felipe of Spain
(latterly King Felipe VI of Spain)
30 January 1968
(age 53 years, 5 days old)
8 February 1968

Palace of Zarzuela, Madrid
Juan Carlos, Prince of Asturias
— and —
Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark

The other members of the royal family baptised in this gown are:[14]

Sweden

Swedish royal christening gown
Prince Gustaf Adolf wears the Swedish 'dopklänning' at his christening in 1906.
Year1906
TypeBaptismal clothing
MaterialCotton batiste
Valenciennes lace
Silk

The Dopklänning (also lit. christening gown), has been in the Swedish royal family's use since the christening of Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten in 1906. This gown is made of cotton batiste and Valenciennes lace, with a silk undergarment.[15]

At Princess Margaretha's christening in 1935, her parents, The Duke and Duchess of Västerbotten, commissioned a cream-coloured cape and cap to be added to the gown. All the names and dates of the baptisms the gown has been used for since then have been embroidered into the cape.[15]

One king and one queen have been christened in this gown:[16]

Child christened Life dates Date and place of christening Parents
Princess Ingrid of Sweden
(latterly Queen Ingrid of Denmark as the wife of King Frederick IX of Denmark)
28 March 1910

7 November 2000
5 May 1910

Slottskyrkan, Stockholm
Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden
— and —
Princess Margaret of Connaught
Prince Carl Gustaf, Duke of Jämtland
(latterly King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden)
30 April 1946
(age 74 years, 280 days old)
7 June 1946

Slottskyrkan, Stockholm
Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten
— and —
Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

The other royals baptised in this gown are:[16]

The gown has been worn by twenty-one royals over 110 years, and was most recently used at the christening of Princess Madeleine and Christopher O'Neill's daughter, Princess Adrienne, in 2018.[17][16]

References

  1. Angell, Elizabeth (6 July 2019). "The Royal Family's Christening Dress Has a Fascinating History". Town & Country. Archived from the original on 7 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
  2. Dymond, Jonny (6 July 2019). "Harry and Meghan's baby Archie christened at Windsor". BBC News. Archived from the original on 9 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
  3. Holt, Bethan (6 July 2019). "The story behind the royal christening robe that Archie Mountbatten Windsor wore for his baptism". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
  4. Sowray, Bibby (21 October 2013). "Original designer of Prince George's Christening gown revealed". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
  5. Queen Victoria (16 July 1894). "Journal Entry: Monday 16th July 1894". queenvictoriasjournals.org. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  6. Queen Victoria (17 July 1900). "Journal Entry : Tuesday 17th July 1900". queenvictoriasjournals.org. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  7. Queen Victoria (15 December 1875). "Journal Entry : Wednesday 15th December 1875". queenvictoriasjournals.org. Elizabeth II. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
  8. Hallemann, Caroline (6 July 2019). "Archie Harrison Was Christened Today in the Private Chapel at Windsor Castle". Town & Country. Archived from the original on 12 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
  9. "Dåbskjolen" [Christening gown] (in Danish). Det Danske Kongehuset. 26 June 2007. Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  10. "Kgl. døbefont, dåbsfad og dåbskjoler" [Royal baptismal font and baptismal dresses] (in Danish). Det Danske Kongehuset. 2019. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  11. Trudie Rosa de Carvalho (2019). "De doopjurk van prinses Wilhelmina" [The christening dress of Princess Wilhelmina] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
  12. "Christening service". Het Koninklijk Huis. Archived from the original on 29 July 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  13. "Doopplechtigheid" [Baptismal ceremony] (in Dutch). Het Koninklijk Huis. 2019. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
  14. "Origen y tradición de los vestidos de cristianar" [The origin and tradition of christening gowns]. lashilanderas.com (in Spanish). 31 January 2018. Archived from the original on 29 July 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  15. "Dopklänning" [Christening gown] (in Swedish). Sveriges Kungahuset. Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  16. "Spännande historia kring prinsessan Adriennes dopklänning" [The exciting story of Princess Adrienne's christening dress]. galamagazine.se (in Swedish). 8 June 2018. Archived from the original on 26 August 2019. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  17. "Princess Adrienne's christening". kungahuset.se. June 2018. Archived from the original on 26 August 2019. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
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