SVG animation

Animation of Scalable Vector Graphics, an open XML-based standard vector graphics format, is possible through various means:

Scalable Vector Graphics

Libraries have also been written as a shim to give current SVG-enabled browsers SMIL support.[8] This method is also known as SVG+Time.

Because SVG supports Portable Network Graphics (PNG) and JPEG raster images, it can be used to animate such images as an alternative to APNG and Multiple-image Network Graphics (MNG).

History

SVG animation elements were developed in collaboration with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Synchronized Multimedia Working Group, developers of the Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language, the first version of which was published in 1999. SVG 1.0 became a W3C Recommendation on 4 September 2001. Certain web browsers added support for SVG animation during the 2000s, including Amaya as early as 2003, but SVG animation was only supported by widely used browsers beginning in the 2010s, notably by Firefox 4 (2011). Internet Explorer supports ECMAScript animation, and its successor Microsoft Edge supports ECMAScript and CSS animations as of version 42.17134.

The SYMM Working Group, in collaboration with the SVG Working Group, has authored the SMIL Animation specification, which represents a general-purpose XML animation feature set. SVG incorporates the animation features defined in the SMIL Animation specification and provides some SVG-specific extensions.

Examples

The following code snippets demonstrate three techniques to create animated SVG images on compatible browsers. The relevant parts are highlighted in yellow. Click the images' thumbnails to see their animated versions.

SVG animation using SMIL

<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
 width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 8 8">
 <title>SVG animation using SMIL</title>
 <circle cx="0" cy="1" r="2" stroke="red" fill="none">
  <animateTransform
   attributeName="transform"
   attributeType="XML"
   type="rotate"
   from="0"
   to="360"
   begin="0s"
   dur="1s"
   repeatCount="indefinite"/>
 </circle>
</svg>

SVG animation using CSS

<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
 width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 8 8">
 <title>SVG animation using CSS</title>
 <style type="text/css">
  @keyframes rot_kf { from { transform: rotate(0deg);   }
                      to   { transform: rotate(360deg); } }
  .rot { animation: rot_kf 1s linear infinite; }
 </style>
 <circle class="rot" 
  cx="0" cy="1" r="2" stroke="blue" fill="none"/>
</svg>

SVG animation using ECMAScript

<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 8 8" 
 onload="rotate(evt)">
 <title>SVG animation using ECMAScript</title>
 <script type="text/ecmascript">
  function rotate(evt) {
   var object = evt.target.ownerDocument.getElementById('rot');
   setInterval(function () {
     var now          = new Date();
     var milliseconds = now.getTime() % 1000;
     var degrees      = milliseconds * 0.36; // 360 degrees in 1000 ms
     object.setAttribute('transform', 'rotate(' + degrees + ')');
    }, 20);
  }
 </script>
 <circle id="rot" 
  cx="0" cy="1" r="2" stroke="green" fill="none"/>
</svg>

Though the example above works, it is not the optimal implementation, the animation is limited to 50 frames per second (FPS). Using requestAnimationFrame provides better performance and can reach 60 FPS:

<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 8 8" 
 onload="init()">
  <title>SVG animation using requestAnimationFrame()</title>
  <script>
    var object;
   
    function init() {
      object = document.getElementById('rot');     
      window.requestAnimationFrame(rotate);
    }
   
    function rotate(timestamp) {
      var milliseconds = timestamp % 1000;
      var degrees      = milliseconds * 0.36; // 360 degrees in 1000 ms
      object.setAttribute('transform', 'rotate(' + degrees + ')');
      window.requestAnimationFrame(rotate);
    }
  </script>
  <circle id="rot" cx="0" cy="1" r="2" stroke="green" fill="none"/>
</svg>

SMIL attributes to identify the target attribute

The following are the animation attribute which identify the target attribute for the given target element whose value changes over time. attributeName = "<attributeName>" specifies the name of the target attribute. An XMLNS prefix may be used to indicate the XML namespace for the attribute. The prefix will be interpreted in the scope of the current animation element.

attributeType = "CSS | XML | auto" specifies the namespace in which the target attribute and its associated values are defined. CSS specifies that the value of ‘attributeName’ is the name of a CSS property defined as animatable in this specification. XML specifies that the value of ‘attributeName’ is the name of an XML attribute defined in the default XML namespace for the target element. The attribute must be defined as animatable in this specification. auto The default value is 'auto'. The implementation should match the ‘attribute Name’ to an attribute for the target element. The implementation must first search through the list of CSS properties for a matching property name, and if none is found, search the default XML namespace for the element.

The MediaWiki wiki software automatically generates static, non-animated thumbnails of SVG images. Viewing the actual .svg image from each respective description page will show its animation in a compatible browser.

Libraries

There are several JavaScript libraries for working with SVG animation. An advantage to the use of such libraries is that these libraries often solve incompatibility issues in browsers through abstraction. Examples of libraries include Raphaël and Velocity.js

See also

References

  1. "Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1 Specification". World Wide Web Consortium. January 2003 – April 2009. Retrieved 4 February 2010. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. Festa, Paul (9 January 2003). "W3C releases scripting standard, caveat". CNet. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
  3. Bulterman, D.C.A.; Lloyd Rutledge (November 2008). SMIL 3.0: Interactive Multimedia for the Web, Mobile Devices and Daisy Talking Books. X.media.publishing (2nd ed.). New York: NY: Springer. p. 508. ISBN 978-3-540-78546-0.
  4. "SVG Animation support in Amaya". World Wide Web Consortium. 15 April 2003. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
  5. McCathieNevile, Charles (31 October 2006). "Animating Your SVG". Opera Developer Community. Opera Software. Archived from the original on 7 March 2010. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
  6. "SVG animation with SMIL". 29 March 2011.
  7. "When can I use SVG SMIL animation?".
  8. Dahlström, Erik (August 2008). "Tricks of javascript, SVG and SMIL". Opera Software at SVG Open. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.