Salisbury rail crash

In the Salisbury rail crash of 1 July 1906, a London and South Western Railway (LSWR) boat train from Plymouth Friary railway station to London Waterloo station failed to navigate a very sharp curve at the eastern end of Salisbury railway station. The curve had a maximum permitted speed of 30 miles per hour (48 km/h), but the express had been travelling at more than 70 miles per hour (110 km/h). The train was completely derailed and smashed into a milk train and a light engine, killing 28 people.

Salisbury rail crash
Details
Date1 July 1906
1:57 am
LocationSalisbury railway station, Wiltshire, England
Coordinates51.0708°N 1.8042°W / 51.0708; -1.8042
CountryEngland
LineWest of England Main Line
OperatorLondon and South Western Railway
CauseOverspeed on curve
Statistics
Trains3
Passengers43
Deaths28
Injured11
List of UK rail accidents by year

Overview

The accident occurred at the same time as a short cut of the rival Great Western Railway was opening, and it was claimed that the driver of the crashed train was trying to show that his railway was capable of competitive speeds. It was also rumoured that passengers – mostly rich New Yorkers travelling to London from the transatlantic port at Plymouth – had bribed the driver to run the train as fast as possible, but there was not any evidence of this and if anything the train had lost time earlier. Conversely, it was stated that drivers often ran through Salisbury very fast to "get a run" at the following hill.

The crashed train's engine was a new LSWR L12 class 4-4-0 No. 421 with a higher centre of gravity than the earlier T9 class. The most likely cause of the accident is that the driver simply did not realise the level of risk he was running, particularly as this was the first occasion on which he had taken a non-stopping train through Salisbury. Also, steam locomotives at this time, and for half a century afterwards, were not fitted with speedometers.

As a result of the crash, all trains were required to stop at Salisbury station from that point onwards (the boat train at the time had no passenger stops from Plymouth to London Waterloo, although locomotives were changed at Templecombe).[1] The speed limit on the curve east of Salisbury was also reduced to 15 miles per hour (24 km/h), a limit still in effect today.

There is a memorial tablet to the 28 dead (including the driver, two firemen and the guard) in Salisbury Cathedral.

The accident was the second in a series of three derailments due to excessive speed at night in a 16-month period. The others were at Grantham 1906 and Shrewsbury 1907. All three resulted in deaths, including the footplate crews; the cause in each case was recorded as Driver Error but there has been much speculation since.

In 2006, historian Frogg Moody organised a memorial service at Salisbury Railway Station.

See also

Similar accidents

References
  1. British Railway Disasters. Ian Allan Ltd. 1996.
  • Hamilton., J.A.B. British Railway Accidents of the 20th Century (reprinted as Tracks to Disaster).
  • Nock, O.S. (1980). Historic Railway Disasters (2nd ed.). Ian Allan Ltd.
  • Pattenden, Norman (2001). Salisbury 1906 – An answer to the enigma?. Swindon: South Western Circle. ISBN 0-9503741-6-4.
  • Rolt, L.T.C. (1956). Red for Danger. Bodley Head / David and Charles / Pan Books.
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