Sittuyin

The sittuyin board consists of 64 squares, 8 rows and 8 columns, without alternating colors. It also consists of two diagonal lines across the board known as sit-ke-myin (general's lines).

Pieces are commonly made in wood and sometimes in ivory. The height of the pieces is varied by class. The official colors of the pieces are red and black.

Min-gyi (king)

it can move one step in any direction.

General's movement

Elephant's movement

Sit-ke (general)

It can move one step in any diagonal direction (as fers in shatranj).

Sin (elephant)

It can move one step in any diagonal direction or one step forward (as silver general in shogi).

Myin (horse)

It can jump two horizontal squares and one vertical square or two vertical squares and one horizontal square, as in Western chess.

Yahhta (chariot)

It can move any number of free squares along four orthogonal directions.

Nè (feudal lord)

It can move one step forward but cannot retreat. It captures one diagonal step forward.

A position after setup phase is complete

Only feudal lords (pawns) are on the board in the initial position. The game starts with the Red player (depicted here having white pieces), followed by the Black player, placing their other pieces arbitrarily on their own halves of the board (known as sit-tee or troops deployment): chariots can be put on any square on the back rank. In official tournaments, a small curtain is used on the middle of the board to prevent the players seeing each other's deployment during the sit-tee phase. One of the possible game openings is shown in the diagram.

Feudal lords promote to general when they reach diagonal lines marked on the board. The promotion is possible only if that player's general has been captured. If the player has a feudal lord on a promotion square and his or her general is no longer on the board, the player can (if he or she wishes to) promote the feudal lord to general instead of making a move. A feudal lord which passes the promotion square cannot promote anymore.

The goal of the game is to khwè (checkmate) the opponent's king. Putting the opponent in stalemate is not allowed.

In the version reported in A History of Chess in 1913, a game of sittuyin had three stages:

1. Eight moves each: the sit-tee stage described above, but no restriction on chariot placing; Murray did not mention a curtain. Also, a player could put a piece where one of his or her pawns was, and in the same move put that pawn in a free square behind his or her row of pawns.
2. Second stage: in each move, each player moves any one of his or her pieces (not a pawn) to any other empty place in his or her own half of the board, ignoring the usual move rules. Or he or she can move a pawn one square forwards and this ends the second stage and the third stage starts.
3. Ordinary play, obeying the rules for piece moves.

• Most common starting positions
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Anne Sunnucks writes that three dice were thrown and each player made three moves at a time.[2]

• Short assize—a type of medieval European chess

Bibliography

• Maung Maung Aye (1971). Sittuyin: Traditional Myanmar Chess.
• Murray, H. J. R. (1913). A History of Chess (Reissued ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-827403-3.
• Pritchard, D. B. (1994). The Encyclopedia of Chess Variants. Games & Puzzles Publications. pp. 31–34. ISBN 0-9524142-0-1.
• Pritchard, D. B. (2007). Beasley, John (ed.). The Classified Encyclopedia of Chess Variants. John Beasley. pp. 266–67. ISBN 978-0-9555168-0-1.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sittuyin.

• Sittuyin by Hans L. Bodlaender, The Chess Variant Pages
• Sittuyin, the Burmese Chess by Jean-Louis Cazaux
• Burmese Traditional Chess by Dr. Peter Nicolaus, The Chess Variant Pages
• How to Play Sittuyin Ancientchess.com
• Free Sittuyin chess pieces (svg file format) github.com