South African type XM2 tender

The South African type XM2 tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in Transvaal.

South African type XM2 tender
Type XM2 tender on CSAR Class 10, c. 1904
Type and origin
LocomotiveCSAR Class 10
CSAR Class 10-2 Saturated
CSAR Class 10-2 Superheated
CSAR Class 11
SAR Class 5
DesignerCentral South African Railways
(P.A. Hyde)
BuilderBeyer, Peacock and Company
North British Locomotive Company
Robert Stephenson and Company
Vulcan Foundry
Works no.RS D1540/1-D1540/12
In service1904-1912
Specifications
Configuration2-axle bogies
Gauge3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Length25 ft 11 5⁄8 in (7,915 mm)
Wheel dia.33 1⁄2 in (851 mm) as built
34 in (864 mm) retyred
Wheelbase16 ft 9 in (5,105 mm)
 • Bogie4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm)
Axle load12 LT 11 cwt 2 qtr (12,780 kg)
 • Front bogie24 LT 4 cwt (24,590 kg)
 • Rear bogie25 LT 3 cwt (25,550 kg)
Weight empty48,144 lb (21,838 kg)
Weight w/o49 LT 7 cwt (50,140 kg)
Fuel typeCoal
Fuel cap.10 LT (10.2 t)
Water cap.4,000 imp gal (18,200 l)
StokingManual
CouplersDrawbar & Johnston link-and-pin
Drawbar & AAR knuckle (1930s)
Career
OperatorsCentral South African Railways
South African Railways
NumbersSAR 732-761, 780-783, 912-947, N1-N36
Main article: South African steam locomotive tenders

The Type XM2 tender entered service in 1904, as tenders to the Class 10 4-6-2 Pacific type and Class 11 2-8-2 Mikado type steam locomotives which were acquired by the Central South African Railways in that year. In 1912, both locomotive types retained their Class designations on the South African Railways.[1][2][3]

Manufacturers

Type XM2 tenders were built between 1904 and 1912 by Beyer, Peacock and Company, North British Locomotive Company and Vulcan Foundry. More Type XM2 tenders were subsequently ordered from Robert Stephenson and Company.[1]

The Central South African Railways (CSAR) placed 15 Class 10 Pacific type and 36 Class 11 Mikado type locomotives in service in 1904. Both locomotives and the tender were designed by P.A. Hyde, Chief Locomotive Superintendent of the CSAR.[1][2][3]

The Type XM2 first entered service as tenders to these two locomotive Classes. The Class 10 was acquired to work the passenger trains on the Natal and Cape mainlines out of Johannesburg, while the Class 11 entered service on the Reef to haul coal between Germiston and Witbank.[1][2][3][4]

Characteristics

The tender had a coal capacity of 10 long tons (10.2 tonnes) and a water capacity of 4,000 imperial gallons (18,200 litres), with a maximum axle load of 12 long tons 11 hundredweight (12,750 kilograms).[1][2][3]

Locomotives

In the South African Railways (SAR) years, tenders were numbered for the engines they were delivered with. In most cases, an oval number plate, bearing the engine number and tender type, would be attached to the rear end of the tender. During the classification and renumbering of locomotives onto the SAR roster in 1912, no separate classification and renumbering list was published for tenders, which should have been renumbered according to the locomotive renumbering list.[1][3]

Five locomotive classes were delivered new with Type XM2 tenders. Bearing in mind that tenders could and did migrate between engines, these tenders should have been renumbered in the SAR number ranges as shown.[1][3][5]

Soon after entering service in 1910, the CSAR Class 10-C light Pacific locomotives, acquired for suburban working, were found to be capable of handling mainline passenger trains. To better equip them for mainline working, an order for twelve new Type XM2 tenders for these engines was placed with Robert Stephenson and Company. Since their original smaller Type XC tenders were already numbered for their respective engines, these new tenders, with Robert Stephenson works numbers D1540/1 to D1540/12, were numbered in the non-revenue earning range from N1 to N12.[2][3][6]

In addition, 24 more spare Type XM2 tenders were subsequently acquired by the SAR, numbered in the range from N13 to N36.[2][3]

Classification letters

Since many tender types are interchangeable between different locomotive classes and types, a tender classification system was adopted by the SAR. The first letter of the tender type indicates the classes of engines to which it could be coupled. The "X_" tenders could be used with the following locomotive classes:[3]

The second letter indicates the tender's water capacity. The "_M" tenders had a capacity of 4,000 imperial gallons (18,200 litres; 4,800 US gallons).[3]

A number, when added after the letter code, indicates differences between similar tender types, such as function, wheelbase or coal bunker capacity.[3]

Modification

The original slatted upper sides of the Type XM2 tender's coal bunker were soon replaced by sheet-metal sides. Some later models of the Type XM2 tender were built new with such sheet-metal upper sides to the coal bunker. An example is the 1912 version of the tender, as delivered with the SAR Class 5 locomotives in 1912.

  • Type XM2 on CSAR Class 10-2, c. 1910
  • Type XM2 on SAR Class 5, c. 1912

References
  1. Holland, D.F. (1971). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. 1: 1859–1910 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. pp. 129–131. ISBN 978-0-7153-5382-0.
  2. South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. p. 44.
  3. South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 2'0" & 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte, Steam Locomotives/Stoomlokomotiewe. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. pp. 6a-7a, 44.
  4. Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 51–52. ISBN 0869772112.
  5. Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists, issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer’s Office, Pretoria, January 1912 (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000)
  6. Holland, D. F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. pp. 14–17, 140. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
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