Book of Jin

The Book of Jin is an official Chinese historical text covering the history of the Jin dynasty from 265 to 420. It was compiled in 648 by a number of officials commissioned by the imperial court of the Tang dynasty, with chancellor Fang Xuanling as the lead editor, drawing mostly from official documents left from earlier archives. A few essays in volumes 1, 3, 54 and 80 were composed by the Tang dynasty's Emperor Taizong himself. The contents of the Book of Jin, however, included not only the history of the Jin dynasty, but also that of the Sixteen Kingdoms period, which was contemporaneous with the Eastern Jin dynasty.

Book of Jin
AuthorFang Xuanling et al
Original title晉書
CountryChina
LanguageClassical Chinese
SubjectAncient Chinese history (Jin dynasty)
Publication date
648
Book of Jin
Traditional Chinese晉書
Simplified Chinese晋书

Compilation

Over 20 histories of the Jin had been written during the Northern and Southern dynasties, of which 18 were still extant at the beginning of the Tang dynasty. Yet Emperor Taizong deemed them all to be deficient and ordered the compilation of a new standard history for the period, [1] as part of a wider 6-history project to fill in the gaps between the Records of the Three Kingdoms, the Book of Song, the Book of Qi, the Book of Wei and the Emperor's own time.[2] As part of this ambition its treatises cover not only the Jin but also the preceding Three Kingdoms, making up for the lack of such a section in the Records of the Three Kingdoms.[3]

The book was hastily compiled between 646 CE and 648, by a committee of 21 people led by editor-in-chief Fang Xuanling. As some chapters were written by Emperor Taizong of Tang, the work is sometimes given the honorific "imperially authored". [4]

The Book of Jin had the longest gestation period of any official history, not seeing the light of day until 229 years after the end of the dynasty it describes.[5]

Contents

Annals (紀)

#TitleTranslationNotes
Volume 1帝紀第1 宣帝Emperor XuanSima Yi (Western Jin)
Volume 2帝紀第2 景帝 文帝Emperor Jing; Emperor WenSima Shi, Sima Zhao
Volume 3帝紀第3 武帝Emperor WuSima Yan
Volume 4帝紀第4 惠帝Emperor HuiSima Zhong
Volume 5帝紀第5 懷帝 愍帝Emperor Huai; Emperor MinSima Chi, Sima Ye
Volume 6帝紀第6 元帝 明帝Emperor Yuan; Emperor MingSima Rui, Sima Shao (Eastern Jin)
Volume 7帝紀第7 成帝 康帝Emperor Cheng; Emperor KangSima Yan, Sima Yue
Volume 8帝紀第8 穆帝 哀帝 海西公Emperor Mu; Emperor Ai; Duke of HaixiSima Dan, Sima Pi, Sima Yi
Volume 9帝紀第9 簡文帝 孝武帝Emperor Jianwen; Emperor XiaowuSima Yu, Sima Yao
Volume 10帝紀第10 安帝 恭帝Emperor An; Emperor GongSima Dezong, Sima Dewen

Treatises (志)

#TitleTranslationNotes
Volume 11志第1 天文上Astronomy Part One
Volume 12志第2 天文中Astronomy Part Two
Volume 13志第3 天文下Astronomy Part Three
Volume 14志第4 地理上Geography Part One
Volume 15志第5 地理下Geography Part Two
Volume 16志第6 律歷上Rhythm and the Calendar Part One
Volume 17志第7 律歷中Rhythm and the Calendar Part Two
Volume 18志第8 律歷下Rhythm and the Calendar Part Three
Volume 19志第9 禮上Rites Part One
Volume 20志第10 禮中Rites Part Two
Volume 21志第11 禮下Rites Part Three
Volume 22志第12 樂上Music Part One
Volume 23志第13 樂下Music Part Two
Volume 24志第14 職官Government Service
Volume 25志第15 輿服Travel and Dress
Volume 26志第16 食貨Food and Commodities
Volume 27志第17 5行上Five Elements Part One
Volume 28志第18 5行中Five Elements Part Two
Volume 29志第19 5行下Five Elements Part Three
Volume 30志第20 刑法Punishment and Law

Biographies (列傳)

#TitleTranslationNotes
Volume 31列傳第1 后妃上Empresses and Consorts Part One
Volume 32列傳第2 后妃下Empresses and Consorts Part Two
Volume 33列傳第3 王祥 鄭沖 何曾 石苞Wang Xiang; Zheng Chong; He Zeng; Shi Bao
Volume 34列傳第4 羊祜 杜預Yang Hu; Du Yu
Volume 35列傳第5 陳騫 裴秀Chen Qian; Pei Xiu
Volume 36列傳第6 衛瓘 張華Wei Guan; Zhang Hua
Volume 37列傳第7 宗室Imperial ClanSima Fu, Sima Quan, Sima Tai, Sima Sui, Sima Sui, Sima Xun, Sima Mu, Sima Ling, and their sons
Volume 38列傳第8 宣5王 文6王Five Princes of Xuan; Six Princes of WenSima Gan, Sima Zhou, Sima Jing, Sima Jun, Sima Rong (sons of Sima Yi); Sima You, Sima Zhao, Sima Dingguo, Sima Guangde, Sima Jian, Sima Yanzuo (sons of Sima Zhao)
Volume 39列傳第9 王沈 荀顗 荀勖 馮紞Wang Chen; Xun Yi; Xun Xu; Feng Dan
Volume 40列傳第10 賈充 郭彰 楊駿Jia Chong; Guo Zhang; Yang Jun
Volume 41列傳第11 魏舒 李憙 劉寔 高光Wei Shu; Li Xi; Liu Shi; Gao Guang
Volume 42列傳第12 王渾 王濬 唐彬Wang Hun; Wang Jun; Tang Bin
Volume 43列傳第13 山濤 王戎 郭舒 樂廣Shan Tao; Wang Rong; Guo Shu; Yue Guang
Volume 44列傳第14 鄭袤 李胤 盧欽 華表 石鑒 溫羨Zheng Mao; Li Yin; Lu Qin; Hua Biao; Shi Jian; Wen Xian
Volume 45列傳第15 劉毅 程衛 和嶠 武陔 任愷 崔洪 郭奕 侯史光 何攀Liu Yi; Cheng Wei; He Jiao; Wu Gai; Ren Kai; Cui Hong; Guo Yi; Hou Shiguang; He Pan
Volume 46列傳第16 劉頌 李重Liu Song; Li Zhong
Volume 47列傳第17 傅玄Fu Xuan
Volume 48列傳第18 向雄 段灼 閻纘Xiang Xiong; Duan Zhuo; Yan Zuan
Volume 49列傳第19 阮籍 嵇康 向秀 劉伶 謝鯤 胡毋輔之 畢卓 王尼 羊曼 光逸Ruan Ji; Ji Kang; Xiang Xiu; Liu Ling; Xie Kun; Huwu Fuzhi; Bi Zhuo; Wang Ni; Yang Man; Guang Yi
Volume 50列傳第20 曹志 庾峻 郭象 庾純 秦秀Cao Zhi; Yu Jun; Guo Xiang; Yu Chun; Qin Xiu
Volume 51列傳第21 皇甫謐 摯虞 束皙 王接Huangfu Mi; Zhi Yu; Shu Xi; Wang Jie
Volume 52列傳第22 郤詵 阮種 華譚 袁甫Xi Shen; Ruan Zhong; Hua Tan; Yuan Fu
Volume 53列傳第23 愍懷太子Crown Prince Minhuai
Volume 54列傳第24 陸機Lu Ji
Volume 55列傳第25 夏侯湛 潘岳 張載Xiahou Zhan; Pan Yue; Zhang Zai
Volume 56列傳第26 江統 孫楚Jiang Tong; Sun Chu
Volume 57列傳第27 羅憲 滕修 馬隆 胡奮 陶璜 吾彥 張光 趙誘Luo Xian; Teng Xiu; Ma Long; Hu Fen; Tao Huang; Wu Yan; Zhang Guang; Zhao You
Volume 58列傳第28 周處 周訪Zhou Chu; Zhou Fang
Volume 59列傳第29 汝南文成王亮 楚隱王瑋 趙王倫 齊王冏 長沙王乂 成都王穎 河間王顒 東海孝獻王越Liang, Prince Wencheng of Ru'nan; Wei, Prince Yin of Chu; Lun, Prince of Zhao; Jiong, Prince of Qi; Ai, Prince of Changsha; Ying, Prince of Chengdu; Yong, Prince of Hejian; Yue, Prince Xiaoxian of Donghai
Volume 60列傳第30 解系 孫旂 孟觀 牽秀 繆播 皇甫重 張輔 李含 張方 閻鼎 索靖 賈疋Xie Xi; Sun Qi; Meng Guan; Qian Xiu; Miao Bo; Zhang Fu; Li Han; Zhang Fang; Yan Ding; Suo Jing; Jia Ya
Volume 61列傳第31 周浚 成公簡 苟晞 華軼 劉喬Zhou Jun; Cheng Gongjian; Gou Xi; Hua Die; Liu Qiao
Volume 62列傳第32 劉琨 祖逖Liu Kun; Zu Ti
Volume 63列傳第33 邵續 李矩 段匹磾 魏浚Shao Xu; Li Ju; Duan Pidi; Wei Jun; Guo Mo
Volume 64列傳第34 武13王 元4王 簡文3子Thirteen Princes of Wu; Four Princes of Yuan; Three Sons of Jianwen
Volume 65列傳第35 王導Wang Dao
Volume 66列傳第36 劉弘 陶侃Liu Hong; Tao Kan
Volume 67列傳第37 溫嶠 郗鑒Wen Jiao; Chi Jian
Volume 68列傳第38 顧榮 紀瞻 賀循 楊方 薛兼Gu Rong; Ji Zhan; He Xun; Yang Fang; Xue Jian
Volume 69列傳第39 劉隗 刁協 戴若思 周顗Liu Wei; Diao Xie; Dai Ruosi; Zhou Yi
Volume 70列傳第40 應詹 甘卓 鄧騫 卞壼Ying Zhan; Gan Zhuo; Deng Qian; Bian Kun
Volume 71列傳第41 孫惠 熊遠 王鑒 陳頵 高崧Sun Hui; Xiong Yuan; Wang Jian; Chen Yun; Gao Song
Volume 72列傳第42 郭璞 葛洪Guo Pu; Ge Hong
Volume 73列傳第43 庾亮Yu Liang
Volume 74列傳第44 桓彝Huan Yi
Volume 75列傳第45 王湛 荀崧 范汪 劉惔Wang Zhan; Xun Song; Fan Wang; Liu Tan
Volume 76列傳第46 王舒 王廙 虞潭 顧眾 張闓Wang Shu; Wang Yi; Yu Tan; Gu Zhong; Zhang Kai
Volume 77列傳第47 陸曄 何充 褚翜 蔡謨 諸葛恢 殷浩Lu Ye; He Chong; Chu Se; Cai Mo; Zhuge Hui; Yin Hao
Volume 78列傳第48 孔愉 丁潭 張茂 陶回Kong Yu; Ding Tan; Zhang Mao; Tao Hui
Volume 79列傳第49 謝尚 謝安Xie Shang; Xie An
Volume 80列傳第50 王羲之Wang Xizhi
Volume 81列傳第51 王遜 蔡豹 羊鑒 劉胤 桓宣 硃伺 毛寶 劉遐 鄧岳 朱序Wang Xun; Cai Bao; Yang Jian; Liu Yin; Huan Xuan; Zhu Si; Mao Bao; Liu Xia; Deng Yue; Zhu Xu
Volume 82列傳第52 陳壽 王長文 虞溥 司馬彪 王隱 虞預 孫盛 干寶 鄧粲 謝沉 習鑿齒 徐廣Chen Shou; Wang Changwen; Yu Pu; Sima Biao; Wang Yin; Yu Yu; Sun Sheng; Gan Bao; Deng Can; Xie Chen; Xi Zuochi; Xu Guang
Volume 83列傳第53 顧和 袁瑰 江逌 車胤 殷顗 王雅Gu He; Yuan Mei; Jiang You; Che Yin; Yin Yi; Wang Ya
Volume 84列傳第54 王恭 庾楷 劉牢之 殷仲堪 楊佺期Wang Gong; Yu Kai; Liu Laozhi; Yin Zhongkan; Yang Quanqi
Volume 85列傳第55 劉毅 諸葛長民 何無忌 檀憑之 魏詠之Liu Yi; Zhuge Changmin; He Wuji; Tan Pingzhi; Wei Yongzhi
Volume 86列傳第56 張軌Zhang Gui
Volume 87列傳第57 涼武昭王李玄盛Li Xuansheng, Prince Wuzhao of Liang
Volume 88列傳第58 孝友Filial Piety
Volume 89列傳第59 忠義Loyalty and Righteousness
Volume 90列傳第60 良吏Good Officials
Volume 91列傳第61 儒林Confucian Scholars
Volume 92列傳第62 文苑Writers
Volume 93列傳第63 外戚Imperial Affines
Volume 94列傳第64 隱逸Hermits and Recluses
Volume 95列傳第65 藝術Arts
Volume 96列傳第66 列女Exemplary Women
Volume 97列傳第67 4夷Four Barbarian Tribes
Volume 98列傳第68 王敦 桓溫Wang Dun; Huan Wen
Volume 99列傳第69 桓玄 卞范之 殷仲文Huan Xuan; Bian Fanzhi; Yin Zhongwen
Volume 100列傳第70 王彌 張昌 陳敏 王如 杜曾 杜弢 王機 祖約 蘇峻 孫恩 盧循 譙縱Wang Mi; Zhang Chang; Chen Min; Wang Ru; Du Zeng; Du Tao; Wang Ji; Zu Yue; Su Jun; Sun En; Lu Xun; Qiao Zong

Records (載記)

#TitleTranslationNotes
Volume 101載記第1 劉元海Liu Yuanhai
Volume 102載記第2 劉聰Liu Cong
Volume 103載記第3 劉曜Liu Yao
Volume 104載記第4 石勒上Shi Le Part One
Volume 105載記第5 石勒下Shi Le Part Two
Volume 106載記第6 石季龍上Shi Jilong Part One
Volume 107載記第7 石季龍下Shi Jilong Part Two
Volume 108載記第8 慕容廆Murong Hui
Volume 109載記第9 慕容皝Murong Huang
Volume 110載記第10 慕容儁Murong Jun
Volume 111載記第11 慕容暐 慕容恪 陽騖 皇甫真Murong Wei; Murong Ke; Yang Wu; Huangfu Zhen
Volume 112載記第12 苻洪 苻健 苻生 苻雄 王墮Fu Hong; Fu Jian; Fu Sheng; Fu Xiong; Wang Duo
Volume 113載記第13 苻堅上Fu Jian Part One
Volume 114載記第14 苻堅下Fu Jian Part Two
Volume 115載記第15 苻丕 苻登Fu Pi; Fu Deng
Volume 116載記第16 姚弋仲 姚襄 姚萇Yao Yizhong; Yao Xiang; Yao Chang
Volume 117載記第17 姚興上Yao Xing Part One
Volume 118載記第18 姚興下Yao Xing Part Two
Volume 119載記第19 姚泓Yao Hong
Volume 120載記第20 李特 李流Li Te; Li Liu
Volume 121載記第21 李雄 李班 李期 李壽 李勢Li Xiong; Li Ban; Li Qi; Li Shou; Li Shi
Volume 122載記第22 呂光 呂纂 呂隆Lü Guang; Lü Zuan; Lü Long
Volume 123載記第23 慕容垂Murong Chui
Volume 124載記第24 慕容寶 慕容盛 慕容熙 慕容雲Murong Bao; Murong Sheng; Murong Xi; Murong Yun
Volume 125載記第25 乞伏國仁 乞伏乾歸 乞伏熾磐 馮跋Qifu Guoren; Qifu Gangui; Qifu Chipan; Feng Ba
Volume 126載記第26 禿髮烏孤 禿髮利鹿孤 禿髮傉檀Tufa Wugu; Tufa Lilugu; Tufa Rutan
Volume 127載記第27 慕容德Murong De
Volume 128載記第28 慕容超Murong Chao
Volume 129載記第29 沮渠蒙遜Juqu Mengxun
Volume 130載記第30 赫連勃勃Helian Bobo

Legacy

The book has been criticized for being more reflective of the court politics in the Tang dynasty that compiled it, rather than the realities of the Jin dynasty itself.[6]

Despite Fang's team having at their disposal not only the pre-existing Jin histories, but also a large body of actual Jin primary sources, it appears that the book was primarily based on Zang Rongxu's (臧荣绪) identically-titled Jinshu from the Southern Qi, and further incorporates material from fictionalized novels. The Tang historian Liu Zhiji (661–721) accused the editors of generally selecting the sources that had the most vivid and compelling language, rather than the ones that were the most historically reliable.[7]

The collaborative nature of the project coupled with the rushed production time unsurprisingly leaves the book with a number of internal contradictions and editorial errors; such as misspelled personal and place names, draft-like and unpolished language, and "cross-references" to non-existent chapters that were presumably planned but never finished in time for publication.[8]

In spite of these shortcomings, the Book of Jin is recognized as the most important primary source for the Jin dynasty and Sixteen Kingdoms, because the pre-existing histories and other sources it was compiled from have all been lost – save for a few stray quotations in other works.[9]

Translations

No complete translations are known at this time. Choo translates the biography of Huan Wen in volume 98 and the biography of Sun Chuo in volume 56.[10] Knapp translates biographies of Liu Yin in volume 88 and Huangfu Mi in volume 51.[11]

Notes

  1. Fang, Xuanling ed.(2002). Jinshu 晋书. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju 中华书局. Preface, p. 1
  2. Ibid p. 2
  3. Fang (2002). Preface p. 4
  4. Fang (2002). Preface p. 1
  5. Wilkinson, Endymion (2018) Chinese History: a New Manual. Self-published. p. 690
  6. Wilkinson (2018) pp. 816–817
  7. Fang (2002). Preface p. 2
  8. Fang (2002). Preface p. 3
  9. Ibid
  10. Choo, Jessey Jiun-Chyi (2014). "Return to the North? The Debate on Moving the Capital back to Luoyang". In Swartz, Wendy; Campany, Robert Ford; Lu, Yang; Choo, Jessey Jiun-Chyi (eds.). Early Medieval China: A Sourcebook (e-book ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 47–56.
  11. Knapp, Keith N (2014). "Confucian Views on the Supernatural". In Swartz, Wendy; Campany, Robert Ford; Lu, Yang; Choo, Jessey Jiun-Chyi (eds.). Early Medieval China: A Sourcebook (e-book ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 665–676.

See also

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