Spouse of the prime minister of the United Kingdom
To date, there have been forty-four women and two men who have been married to the British prime minister in office. There have also been four bachelor and nine widower prime ministers; the last bachelor was Edward Heath (1970–1974) and the last widower was Ramsay MacDonald (1924, 1929–1935). As of 2020, the Duke of Grafton (1766–1768) is the only prime minister to have divorced and remarried while in office.
Spouse of the prime minister of the United Kingdom | |
---|---|
Status | Vacant (since 2020) |
Residence | 10 Downing Street (customary) |
Formation | 3 April 1721 |
First holder | Catherine, Lady Walpole |
Latest holder | Marina Wheeler (as of 2021) |
Current prime minister Boris Johnson was married to Marina Wheeler until 2020,[1] but she did not join him in Number 10, due to their separation in 2018.[2]
In July 2019, it was announced that Johnson's girlfriend at the time, Carrie Symonds, would move in with him,[3] making them the first unmarried couple to live in Number 10. Their engagement was announced in February 2020.[4]
Role and duties
The role of the British prime minister's spouse is not an official office and, as such, they are not given a salary or official duties. Over time the position has evolved and spouses, such as Cherie Blair, have gained public attention through their own independent careers and achievements, as well as attending engagements such as the African First Ladies Summit.[5]
Cherie Blair, with Cate Haste, wrote a book about recent prime ministerial spouses, The Goldfish Bowl: Married to the Prime Minister, 1955–1997, in 2005.[6]
List of spouses
Image | Spouse | Date of birth | Date of marriage | Prime Minister | Date tenure began | Age at tenure start | Date tenure ended | Date of death |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Catherine, Lady Walpole (née Shorter)[7] |
1682 | 30 Jul 1700 | Robert Walpole | 3 Apr 1721 | 38–39 years | 20 Aug 1737 | 20 Aug 1737 (Aged 54–55) | |
— | None (widower) | — | — | Walpole | 20 Aug 1737 | — | 3 Mar 1738 | — |
Maria, Lady Walpole (née Skerrett)[8] |
1702 | 3 Mar 1738 | Walpole | 3 Mar 1738 | 35–36 years | 4 Jun 1738 | 4 Jun 1738 (Aged 35–36) | |
— | None (widower) | — | — | Walpole | 4 Jun 1738 | — | 11 Feb 1742 | — |
— | None (bachelor) | — | — | Earl of Wilmington | 16 Feb 1742 | — | 2 Jul 1743 | — |
Catherine Pelham (née Manners)[9] |
1706 | 29 Oct 1726 | Henry Pelham | 27 Aug 1743 | 36–37 years | 6 Mar 1754 | 18 Feb 1780 (Aged 73–74) | |
Harriet Pelham-Holles (née Godolphin)[10] |
1701 | 2 Apr 1717 | Duke of Newcastle | 16 Mar 1754 | 52–53 years | 11 Nov 1756 | 17 Jul 1776 (Aged 74–75) | |
— | None[lower-alpha 1] (widower) | — | — | Duke of Devonshire | 16 Nov 1756 | — | 29 Jun 1757 | — |
Harriet Pelham-Holles (née Godolphin)[10] |
1701 | 2 Apr 1717 | Duke of Newcastle | 29 Jun 1757 | 55–56 years | 26 May 1762 | 17 Jul 1776 (Aged 74–75) | |
Mary Stuart (née Montagu)[12] |
19 Jan 1718 | 24 Aug 1736 | Earl of Bute | 26 May 1762 | 44 years | 8 Apr 1763 | 6 Nov 1794 (Aged 76) | |
Elizabeth Grenville[lower-alpha 2] (née Wyndham)[13] |
1719 | 1 May 1749 | George Grenville | 16 Apr 1763 | 43–44 years | 10 Jul 1765 | 5 Dec 1769 (Aged 49–50) | |
Mary Watson-Wentworth (née Liddell)[14] |
1735 | 26 Feb 1752 | Marquess of Rockingham | 13 Jul 1765 | 29–30 years | 30 Jul 1766 | 19 Dec 1804 (Aged 68–69) | |
Hester Pitt[lower-alpha 3] (née Grenville)[15] |
8 Nov 1720 | 16 Oct 1754 | Earl of Chatham | 30 Jul 1766 | 45 years | 14 Oct 1768 | 9 Apr 1803 (Aged 82) | |
Anne FitzRoy[lower-alpha 4] (née Liddell)[16] |
1737 | 29 Jan 1756 | Duke of Grafton | 14 Oct 1768 | 30–31 years | 23 Mar 1769 | 1804 (Aged 66–67) | |
— | None (divorcee) | — | — | Grafton | 23 Mar 1769 | — | 24 Jun 1769 | — |
Elizabeth FitzRoy (née Wrottesley)[17] |
1 Nov 1745 | 24 Jun 1769 | Grafton | 24 Jun 1769 | 23 years | 28 Jan 1770 | 25 May 1822 (Aged 76) | |
Anne North (née Speke)[18] |
1741 | 20 May 1756 | Lord North | 28 Jan 1770 | 28–29 years | 27 Mar 1782 | 1797 (Aged 55–56) | |
Mary Watson-Wentworth (née Liddell)[14] |
1735 | 26 Feb 1752 | Marquess of Rockingham | 27 Mar 1782 | 46–47 years | 1 Jul 1782 | 19 Dec 1804 (Aged 68–69) | |
Louisa Petty[lower-alpha 5] (née FitzPatrick)[20] |
1755 | 19 Jul 1779 | Earl of Shelburne | 4 Jul 1782 | 26–27 years | 26 Mar 1783 | 7 Aug 1789 (Aged 33–34) | |
Dorothy Bentinck[lower-alpha 6] (née Cavendish)[21] |
27 Aug 1750 | 8 Nov 1766 | Duke of Portland | 2 Apr 1783 | 32 years | 18 Dec 1783 | 3 Jun 1794 (Aged 43) | |
— | None (bachelor) | — | — | William Pitt | 19 Dec 1783 | — | 14 Mar 1801 | — |
Ursula Addington (née Hammond)[22] |
1759 | 19 Sep 1781 | Henry Addington | 17 Mar 1801 | 41–42 years | 10 May 1804 | 28 Jun 1811 (Aged 51–52) | |
— | None (bachelor) | — | — | William Pitt | 10 May 1804 | — | 23 Jan 1806 | — |
Anne Grenville (née Pitt)[23] |
Sep 1772 | 18 Jul 1792 | Baron Grenville | 11 Feb 1806 | 33 years | 25 Mar 1807 | Jun 1864 (Aged 91) | |
— | None[lower-alpha 7] (widower) | — | — | Duke of Portland | 31 Mar 1807 | — | 4 Oct 1809 | — |
Jane Perceval (née Wilson)[24] |
21 Sep 1788 | 10 Aug 1790 | Spencer Perceval | 4 Oct 1809 | 21 years | 11 May 1812 | 14 Aug 1852 (Aged 63) | |
Louisa Jenkinson (née Hervey)[25] |
Feb 1767 | 25 Mar 1795 | Earl of Liverpool | 8 Jun 1812 | 45 years | 12 Jun 1821 | 12 Jun 1821 (Aged 54) | |
— | None (widower) | — | — | Liverpool | 12 Jun 1821 | — | 24 Sep 1822 | — |
Mary Jenkinson (née Chester)[26] |
24 Jun 1777 | 24 Sep 1822 | Liverpool | 24 Sep 1822 | 45 years | 9 Apr 1827 | 18 Oct 1846 (Aged 69) | |
Joan Canning (née Scott)[27] |
1776 | 8 Jul 1800 | George Canning | 12 Apr 1827 | 50–51 years | 8 Aug 1827 | 14 Mar 1837 (Aged 60–61) | |
Sarah Robinson (née Hobart)[28] |
22 Feb 1793 | 1 Sep 1814 | Viscount Goderich | 31 Aug 1827 | 34 years | 8 Jan 1828 | 9 Apr 1867 (Aged 74) | |
Catherine Wellesley (née Pakenham)[29] |
14 Jan 1773 | 10 Apr 1806 | Duke of Wellington | 22 Jan 1828 | 55 years | 16 Nov 1830 | 24 Apr 1831 (Aged 58) | |
Mary Grey (née Ponsonby)[30] |
4 Mar 1776 | 18 Nov 1794 | Earl Grey | 22 Nov 1830 | 54 years | 9 Jul 1834 | 26 Nov 1861 (Aged 85) | |
— | None[lower-alpha 8] (widower) | — | — | Viscount Melbourne | 16 Jul 1834 | — | 14 Nov 1834 | — |
— | None[lower-alpha 9] (widower) | — | — | Duke of Wellington | 17 Nov 1834 | — | 9 Dec 1834 | — |
Julia Peel (née Floyd)[32] |
1795 | 8 Jun 1820 | Robert Peel | 10 Dec 1834 | 38–39 years | 8 Apr 1835 | 27 Oct 1859 (Aged 63–64) | |
— | None[lower-alpha 8] (widower) | — | — | Viscount Melbourne | 18 Apr 1835 | — | 30 Aug 1841 | — |
Julia Peel (née Floyd)[32] |
1795 | 8 Jun 1820 | Robert Peel | 30 Aug 1841 | 45–46 years | 29 Jun 1846 | 27 Oct 1859 (Aged 63–64) | |
Frances Russell[lower-alpha 10] (née Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound)[34] |
15 Nov 1815 | 20 Jul 1841 | John Russell | 30 Jun 1846 | 30 years | 21 Feb 1852 | 17 Jan 1898 (Aged 82) | |
Emma Caroline Smith-Stanley (née Bootle-Wilbraham)[35] |
17 Mar 1805 | 31 May 1825 | Earl of Derby | 23 Feb 1852 | 46 years | 17 Dec 1852 | 1876 (Aged 70–71) | |
— | None[lower-alpha 11] (widower) | — | — | Earl of Aberdeen | 19 Dec 1852 | — | 30 Jan 1855 | — |
Emily Temple[lower-alpha 12] (née Lamb)[37] |
1787 | 16 Dec 1839 | Viscount Palmerston | 6 Feb 1855 | 67–68 years | 19 Feb 1858 | 1869 (Aged 81–82) | |
Emma Caroline Smith-Stanley (née Bootle-Wilbraham)[35] |
17 Mar 1805 | 31 May 1825 | Earl of Derby | 20 Feb 1858 | 52 years | 11 Jun 1859 | 1876 (Aged 70–71) | |
Emily Temple[lower-alpha 12] (née Lamb)[37] |
1787 | 16 Dec 1839 | Viscount Palmerston | 12 Jun 1859 | 71–72 years | 18 Oct 1865 | 1869 (Aged 81–82) | |
Frances Russell[lower-alpha 10] (née Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound)[34] |
15 Nov 1815 | 20 Jul 1841 | Earl Russell | 29 Oct 1865 | 49 years | 26 Jun 1866 | 17 Jan 1898 (Aged 82) | |
Emma Caroline Smith-Stanley (née Bootle-Wilbraham)[35] |
17 Mar 1805 | 31 May 1825 | Earl of Derby | 28 Jun 1866 | 61 years | 25 Feb 1868 | 1876 (Aged 70–71) | |
Mary Anne Disraeli[lower-alpha 13] (née Evans)[38] |
11 Nov 1792 | 28 Aug 1839 | Benjamin Disraeli | 27 Feb 1868 | 75 years | 1 Dec 1868 | 15 Dec 1872 (Aged 80) | |
Catherine Gladstone (née Glynne)[39] |
6 Jan 1812 | 25 Jul 1839 | William Gladstone | 3 Dec 1868 | 56 years | 17 Feb 1874 | 14 Jun 1900 (Aged 88) | |
— | None[lower-alpha 14] (widower) | — | — | Benjamin Disraeli | 20 Feb 1874 | — | 21 Apr 1880 | — |
Catherine Gladstone (née Glynne)[39] |
6 Jan 1812 | 25 Jul 1839 | William Gladstone | 23 Apr 1880 | 68 years | 9 Jun 1885 | 14 Jun 1900 (Aged 88) | |
Georgina Gascoyne-Cecil (née Alderson)[40] |
1827 | 11 Jul 1857 | Marquess of Salisbury | 23 Jun 1885 | 57–58 years | 28 Jan 1886 | 20 Nov 1899 (Aged 71–72) | |
Catherine Gladstone (née Glynne)[39] |
6 Jan 1812 | 25 Jul 1839 | William Gladstone | 1 Feb 1886 | 74 years | 20 Jul 1886 | 14 Jun 1900 (Aged 88) | |
Georgina Gascoyne-Cecil (née Alderson)[40] |
1827 | 11 Jul 1857 | Marquess of Salisbury | 25 Jul 1886 | 58–59 years | 11 Aug 1892 | 20 Nov 1899 (Aged 71–72) | |
Catherine Gladstone (née Glynne)[39] |
6 Jan 1812 | 25 Jul 1839 | William Gladstone | 15 Aug 1892 | 80 years | 2 Mar 1894 | 14 Jun 1900 (Aged 88) | |
— | None[lower-alpha 15] (widower) | — | — | Earl of Rosebery | 5 Mar 1894 | — | 22 Jun 1895 | — |
Georgina Gascoyne-Cecil (née Alderson)[40] |
1827 | 11 Jul 1857 | Marquess of Salisbury | 25 Jun 1895 | 67–68 years | 20 Nov 1899 | 20 Nov 1899 (Aged 71–72) | |
— | None (widower) | — | — | Salisbury | 20 Nov 1899 | — | 11 Jul 1902 | — |
— | None (bachelor) | — | — | Arthur Balfour | 12 Jul 1902 | — | 4 Dec 1905 | — |
Charlotte Campbell-Bannerman (née Bruce)[42] |
1832 | 13 Sep 1860 | Henry Campbell-Bannerman | 5 Dec 1905 | 72–73 years | 30 Aug 1906 | 30 Aug 1906 (Aged 73–74) | |
— | None (widower) | — | — | Campbell-Bannerman | 30 Aug 1906 | — | 5 Apr 1908 | — |
Margot Asquith[lower-alpha 16] (née Tennant)[44] |
2 Feb 1864 | 10 May 1894 | H. H. Asquith | 5 Apr 1908 | 44 years | 5 Dec 1916 | 28 Jul 1945 (Aged 81) | |
Margaret Lloyd George (née Owen)[45] |
4 Nov 1864 | 24 Jan 1888 | David Lloyd George | 6 Dec 1916 | 52 years | 19 Oct 1922 | 20 Jan 1941 (Aged 76) | |
— | None[lower-alpha 17] (widower) | — | — | Bonar Law | 23 Oct 1922 | — | 20 May 1923 | — |
Lucy Baldwin (née Ridsdale)[47] |
19 Jun 1869 | 12 Sep 1892 | Stanley Baldwin | 22 May 1923 | 53 years | 22 Jan 1924 | 17 Jun 1945 (Aged 75) | |
— | None[lower-alpha 18] (widower) | — | — | Ramsay MacDonald | 22 Jan 1924 | — | 4 Nov 1924 | — |
Lucy Baldwin (née Ridsdale)[47] |
19 Jun 1869 | 12 Sep 1892 | Stanley Baldwin | 4 Nov 1924 | 55 years | 4 Jun 1929 | 17 Jun 1945 (Aged 75) | |
— | None[lower-alpha 18] (widower) | — | — | Ramsay MacDonald | 5 Jun 1929 | — | 7 Jun 1935 | — |
Lucy Baldwin (née Ridsdale)[47] |
19 Jun 1869 | 12 Sep 1892 | Stanley Baldwin | 7 Jun 1935 | 65 years | 28 May 1937 | 17 Jun 1945 (Aged 75) | |
Anne Chamberlain (née Cole)[49] |
1883 | 5 Jan 1911 | Neville Chamberlain | 28 May 1937 | 53–54 years | 10 May 1940 | 12 Feb 1967 (Aged 83–84) | |
Clementine Churchill (née Hozier)[50] |
1 Apr 1885 | 12 Sep 1908 | Winston Churchill | 10 May 1940 | 55 years | 26 Jul 1945 | 12 Dec 1977 (Aged 92) | |
Violet Attlee (née Millar)[51] |
20 Nov 1895 | 10 Jan 1922 | Clement Attlee | 26 Jul 1945 | 49 years | 26 Oct 1951 | 7 Jun 1964 (Aged 68) | |
Clementine Churchill (née Hozier)[50] |
1 Apr 1885 | 12 Sep 1908 | Winston Churchill | 26 Oct 1951 | 66 years | 5 Apr 1955 | 12 Dec 1977 (Aged 92) | |
Clarissa Eden[lower-alpha 19] (née Spencer-Churchill)[53] |
28 Jun 1920 | 14 Aug 1952 | Anthony Eden | 6 Apr 1955 | 34 years | 9 Jan 1957 | Living (Age 100) | |
Dorothy Macmillan (née Cavendish)[54] |
28 Jul 1900 | 21 Apr 1920 | Harold Macmillan | 10 Jan 1957 | 56 years | 18 Oct 1963 | 21 May 1966 (Aged 65) | |
Elizabeth Douglas-Home (née Alington)[55] |
6 Nov 1909 | 3 Oct 1936 | Alec Douglas-Home | 19 Oct 1963 | 53 years | 16 Oct 1964 | 13 Sep 1990 (Aged 80) | |
Mary Wilson (née Baldwin)[56] |
12 Jan 1916 | 1 Jan 1940 | Harold Wilson | 16 Oct 1964 | 48 years | 19 Jun 1970 | 6 Jun 2018 (Aged 102) | |
— | None (bachelor) | — | — | Edward Heath | 19 Jun 1970 | — | 4 Mar 1974 | — |
Mary Wilson (née Baldwin)[56] |
12 Jan 1916 | 1 Jan 1940 | Harold Wilson | 4 Mar 1974 | 58 years | 5 Apr 1976 | 6 Jun 2018 (Aged 102) | |
Audrey Callaghan (née Moulton)[57] |
28 Jul 1915 | 28 Jul 1938 | James Callaghan | 5 Apr 1976 | 60 years | 4 May 1979 | 15 Mar 2005 (Aged 89) | |
Denis Thatcher[lower-alpha 20][58] | 10 May 1915 | 13 Dec 1951 | Margaret Thatcher | 4 May 1979 | 63 years | 28 Nov 1990 | 26 Jun 2003 (Aged 88) | |
Norma Major (née Johnson)[59] |
12 Feb 1942 | 3 Oct 1970 | John Major | 28 Nov 1990 | 48 years | 2 May 1997 | Living (Age 78) | |
Cherie Blair (née Booth)[60] |
23 Sep 1954 | 29 Mar 1980 | Tony Blair | 2 May 1997 | 42 years | 27 Jun 2007 | Living (Age 66) | |
Sarah Brown (née Macaulay)[61] |
31 Oct 1963 | 3 Aug 2000 | Gordon Brown | 27 Jun 2007 | 43 years | 11 May 2010 | Living (Age 57) | |
Samantha Cameron (née Sheffield)[62] |
18 Apr 1971 | 1 Jun 1996 | David Cameron | 11 May 2010 | 39 years | 13 Jul 2016 | Living (Age 49) | |
Philip May[63] | 18 Sep 1957 | 6 Sep 1980 | Theresa May | 13 Jul 2016 | 58 years | 24 Jul 2019 | Living (Age 63) | |
Marina Wheeler (separated)[lower-alpha 21] |
18 Aug 1964 | 8 May 1993 | Boris Johnson | 24 Jul 2019 | 54 years | 2020[1] | Living (Age 56) | |
— | None (divorcee) | — | — | Johnson | 2020 | — | — | — |
Living former spouses
As of February 2021, there are seven living former spouses. From earliest to latest:
Spouse | Tenure | Date of birth | Longevity |
---|---|---|---|
The Countess of Avon | 1955–1957 | 28 June 1920 | 100 years, 226 days |
Dame Norma Major | 1990–1997 | 12 February 1942 | 78 years, 363 days |
Cherie Blair | 1997–2007 | 23 September 1954 | 66 years, 139 days |
Sarah Brown | 2007–2010 | 31 October 1963 | 57 years, 101 days |
Samantha Cameron | 2010–2016 | 18 April 1971 | 49 years, 297 days |
Sir Philip May | 2016–2019 | 18 September 1957 | 63 years, 144 days |
Marina Wheeler | 2019–2020 | 18 August 1964 | 56 years, 175 days |
The most recent death of a former spouse is that of Lady Wilson of Rievaulx, widow of Harold Wilson, who died in 2018 at the age of 102 years, 145 days;[64] Lady Wilson was the longest-lived spouse of a British prime minister and the first to live beyond the age of 100 years.[65][66] The Countess of Avon (born 1920), widow of Anthony Eden and the oldest-living former spouse, will tie Wilson if she lives to 20 November 2022 and surpass Wilson's record if she lives past this date.
See also
Notes
- Devonshire's wife Charlotte died in 1754.[11]
- Mother of Baron Grenville.[13]
- Mother of William Pitt the Younger.[15]
- Anne's second marriage after the Earl of Upper Ossory.[16]
- Shelburne's second marriage after Sophia Carteret.[19]
- Daughter of the Duke of Devonshire.[21]
- Portland's wife Lady Dorothy died in 1794.[21]
- Melbourne's wife Lady Caroline died in 1828.[31]
- Wellington's wife Catherine died in 1831.[29]
- Russell's second marriage after Adelaide Lister.[33]
- Aberdeen's first wife Catherine died in 1812 and his second wife Harriet died in 1833.[36]
- Emily's second marriage after the Earl Cowper.[37] Sister of the Viscount Melbourne.[37]
- Mary's second marriage after Wyndham Lewis.[38]
- Disraeli's wife Mary died in 1872.[38]
- Rosebery's wife Hannah died in 1890.[41]
- Asquith's second marriage after Helen Melland.[43]
- Law's wife Annie died in 1909.[46]
- MacDonald's wife Margaret died in 1911.[48]
- Eden's second marriage after Beatrice Beckett.[52]
- First male spouse. Thatcher's second marriage after Margaret Kempson.[58]
- In September 2018, Boris Johnson and Marina Wheeler issued a statement confirming that after 25 years of marriage they had separated "several months ago", and had begun divorce proceedings.[lower-alpha 22] They reached a financial settlement in February 2020,[lower-alpha 23] and the divorce was finalised by November 2020.[lower-alpha 24]
- "Boris Johnson and wife to divorce". BBC News. 7 September 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
- Ames, Jonathan (18 February 2020). "PM reaches financial settlement with estranged wife". The Times. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- Coke, Hope (9 November 2020). "Marina Wheeler opens up about life post-Boris Johnson". Tatler. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
References
- Mason, Rowena (29 July 2019). "Boris Johnson and Carrie Symonds move into Downing Street". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
- "Boris Johnson and Carrie Symonds engaged and expecting baby". BBC News. 29 February 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
- Mwanzi, Josephat (2 July 2013). "The first ladies club: Obama and Bush share stage in Africa". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
- Booth, Cherie; Cate, Haste (2005). The Goldfish Bowl: Married To The Prime Minister, 1955–1997. Random House. ISBN 978-0-09-946202-6.
- Lundy, Darryl (23 November 2016). "Catherine Shorter". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (6 March 2012). "Maria Skerret". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (4 October 2016). "Lady Catherine Manners". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (7 April 2012). "Lady Henrietta Godolphin". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (26 November 2012). "Charlotte Elizabeth Boyle, Baroness Clifford". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (22 March 2014). "Mary Wortley-Montagu, Baroness Mount Stuart of Wortley". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (4 November 2014). "Elizabeth Wyndham". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (14 March 2016). "Mary Liddell". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (9 February 2011). "Hester Grenville, Baroness Chatham". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (19 March 2016). "Hon. Anne Liddell". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (1 October 2013). "Elizabeth Wrottesley". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (30 July 2011). "Anne Speke". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (28 April 2011). "Lady Sophia Carteret". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (21 November 2016). "Lady Louisa FitzPatrick". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (2 June 2014). "Lady Dorothy Cavendish". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (18 June 2017). "Ursula Mary Hammond". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (18 June 2009). "Hon. Anne Pitt". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (3 July 2015). "Jane Wilson". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (6 February 2013). "Lady Louisa Theodosia Hervey". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (6 February 2013). "Mary Chester". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (14 October 2011). "Joan Scott, Viscountess Canning of Kilbrahan". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (17 May 2014). "Lady Sarah Albinia Louisa Hobart". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (30 April 2011). "Hon. Catherine Sarah Dorothea Pakenham". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (24 September 2010). "Hon. Mary Elizabeth Ponsonby". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (2 February 2011). "Lady Caroline Ponsonby". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (1 November 2015). "Julia Floyd". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (17 September 2016). "Adelaide Lister". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (17 September 2016). "Lady Frances Anna Maria Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (9 July 2017). "Hon. Emma Caroline Bootle-Wilbraham". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (2 April 2013). "Harriet Douglas". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (17 June 2012). "Emily Mary Lamb". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (28 March 2004). "Mary Ann Viney-Evans, 1st and last Viscountess Beaconsfield". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (4 April 2008). "Catherine Glynne". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (6 June 2010). "Georgina Alderson". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (6 August 2016). "Hannah de Rothschild". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (17 November 2008). "Sarah Charlotte Bruce". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (31 October 2015). "Helen Kelsall Melland". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (31 October 2015). "Emma Alice Margaret Tennant". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (6 December 2010). "Margaret Owen". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (3 September 2007). "Annie Pitcairn Robley". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (4 June 2012). "Lucy Ridsdale". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (21 November 2008). "Margaret Ethel Gladstone". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (17 May 2011). "Annie Vere Cole". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (9 June 2017). "Clementine Ogilvy Hozier, Baroness Spencer-Churchill". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (23 October 2012). "Violet Helen Millar". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (1 February 2011). "Beatrice Helen Beckett". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (25 July 2009). "Anne Clarissa Spencer-Churchill". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (9 March 2011). "Lady Dorothy Evelyn Cavendish". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (14 December 2012). "Elizabeth Hester Alington". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (23 January 2017). "Gladys Mary Baldwin". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (1 November 2008). "Audrey Elizabeth Moulton". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (8 May 2011). "Sir Denis Thatcher, 1st Bt". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (29 September 2011). "Norma Christina Elizabeth Wagstaff". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- Lundy, Darryl (12 February 2006). "Cherie Booth". The Peerage. Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- "Sarah Brown: The new 'first lady'". BBC News. 28 June 2007. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- "Profile: Samantha Cameron". BBC News. 14 February 2006. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- "Profile: Theresa May's husband Philip". BBC News. 13 July 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- "Lady Wilson of Rievaulx obituary". The Times. 7 June 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- McSmith, Andy (7 June 2018). "Lady Wilson of Rievaulx: Poet and wife of former Labour prime minister Harold Wilson". The Independent. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
- McSmith, Andy (8 January 2016). "Mary Wilson: Wife of former Prime Minister Harold turning 100 years-old". The Independent. Retrieved 11 February 2017.