Sunnyside (Tarrytown, New York)

An artist's depiction of the part of Wolfert Acker's former estate that was sold to Washington Irving, who called it "Wolfert's Roost" before turning it into Sunnyside

Washington Irving and his Literary Friends at Sunnyside, by Christian Schussele (1864)

In some sense, Sunnyside began almost 200 years before Irving with Wolfert Acker (sometimes spelled Wolfert Eckert), a Dutch-American inhabitant of the region. His property, Wolfert's Roost, was part of the Manor of Philipsburg. Among other buildings, Wolfert's Roost contained a simple two-room stone tenant farmhouse,[5] built about 1650.[6]

The property came into the hands of the Van Tassel family, who were married into the Eckert family and owned it until 1802. That year, 150 acres (61 ha) were deeded to the family of Benson Ferris, one-time clerk of the Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow, whose wife, Maria Acker, was a descendant of Wolfert Acker's.[7]

In 1832, Washington Irving visited his nephew Oscar Irving who lived near the old stone farmhouse.[8] Irving had recently undertaken a substantial trip through the prairies of the Arkansas and Mississippi Rivers, and the frontier lifestyle made him lament his lack of a home of his own.[9] He was also frustrated because he had lived most of his adult life as a guest in other people's homes.[8] As Irving wrote, he was eager for a home and was "willing to pay a little unreasonably for it".[10] Irving finally purchased the property on June 7, 1835 for $1,800;[11] he would later, through the years, add to the property to expand the estate.

Irving wrote a story, "Wolfert's Roost", about Acker and the site. In a letter to his brother Peter, he described it as "a beautiful spot, capable of being made a little paradise ... I have had an architect up there, and shall build upon the old mansion this summer. My idea is to make a little nookery somewhat in the Dutch style, quaint, but unpretending. It will be of stone."[7] Irving requested that his friend and neighbor, English-born painter George Harvey,[12] become his aesthetic collaborator and foreman in the house's subsequent remodeling and enlargement, and the landscaping of the grounds in Romantic style, which included creating a pond Irving called "The Little Mediterranean", with a waterfall that led to a babbling serpentine brook.

The result is a "cottage" that was widely known even at the time, appearing in Harper's Weekly and in guidebooks to the area.[5] Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. said that Sunnyside stood "next to Mount Vernon, the best known and most cherished of all the dwellings in our land."[13] The public interest in the home, and in Irving, America's first literary star, drew numerous visitors throughout the year, hoping to catch a glimpse of Irving working. Irving's neighbor Nathaniel Parker Willis joked, "Could not Sunny-side 'pay' to be got ready for a boarding-house?"[14]

In 1842, Irving accepted a nomination as Ambassador to the Court of Isabella II of Spain. He left Sunnyside in the care of his brother Ebenezer, who lived there with his four grown daughters, who supervised the running of the household. Irving wrote, "The only drawback upon all this is the hard trial of tearing myself away from dear little Sunnyside."[15] He returned to New York on September 19, 1846.[16] Shortly after his return, in 1847, he added to the cottage the "Spanish Tower", influenced by Spanish monastic architecture and the Alhambra in Granada.[5] It added four bedrooms to the house.

Irving died of a heart attack in his bedroom at Sunnyside on November 28, 1859, at age 76.[17]

Sunnyside, Currier and Ives, c.1860

The Irving family continued to inhabit the cottage until 1945, when Louis Irving sold it to John D. Rockefeller Jr.,[5] who purchased it as part of his efforts in historic preservation. It was restored – including tearing down a Victorian style northern addition – and was opened to the public in 1947.

Sunnyside is now operated as a museum by Historic Hudson Valley, which charges an admission fee. Tours are led by guides in period costume.[17] The museum contains a large collection of Irving's original furnishings and accessories; in particular, all furniture and most accessories in his writer's study are original. The study, dining room, parlor, kitchen, as well as most bedrooms, are open to the public and contain many of the original furnishings owned by the Irving family, with some period-appropriate furnishings from other sources.

Sunnyside was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1962.[3][19]

There is a partial replica of Sunnyside in the Washington Irving Memorial Park and Arboretum in Bixby, Oklahoma, with a statue of Irving seated on the side porch.

A replica of the house stands at Liberty Square at The Walt Disney World Resort's Magic Kingdom; the building serves as a quick service restaurant.[20]

• 
  Irving's study
• 
  The "Spanish Tower", added in 1847, contains four bedrooms
• 
  The stepped-gabled west facade of the house, which faces the Hudson River, with the porch – which Irving called his "piazza" – beyond it. It is uncertain why Irving put "1656" at the top of the wall, since the original cottage dates from the 1690s.

• List of National Historic Landmarks in New York
• National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Westchester County, New York
• Sleepy Hollow (disambiguation)
• Washington Irving Memorial

Notes

Bibliography

• Burstein, Andrew. The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving. New York: Basic Books, 2007. ISBN 978-0-465-00853-7
• Jones, Brian Jay. Washington Irving: An American Original. New York: Arcade Publishing, 2008. ISBN 978-1-55970-836-4
• Kime, Wayne R. Pierre M. Irving and Washington Irving: A Collaboration in Life and Letters. Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1977. ISBN 0889200564

Further reading

• Dwyer, Michael Middleton (ed.) Great Houses of the Hudson River, preface by Mark Rockefeller, Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company, published in association with Historic Hudson Valley, 2001. ISBN 082122767X.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sunnyside (Tarrytown, New York).

• Sunnyside at Irvington Historical Society
• Sunnyside at Historic Hudson Valley
• Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) No. NY-5637, "Sunnyside, U.S. Route 9, Tarrytown, Westchester County, NY", 11 photos, 9 measured drawings, supplemental material