TANESCO

Electricity was first introduced in Tanzania(Tanganyika) in 1908 by the German colonial authorities in Dar-es-salaam.[3] After the British mandate was established a Government electricity department was formed and took over energy generation and transmission in the colony.[4] In 1931 electricity was handed to two private countries, Tanganyika Electric Supply Company Ltd. (Tanesco) and Dar es Salaam and District Electric Supply Company Ltd (Danesco).[5]

Commercial operations for Tanesco began in 1933 with the first diesel generator in the Tanga Region. The first dam was completed in 1936 on the Pangani River. By 1959 the total capacity was 17.5MW and the company had 400 km of supply lines. On 12 February 1948 Tanesco secured the contract to sell surplus power from the hydro dam to Mombasa, Kenya.[4]

At independence (1961) the government acquired some shares from both of the utilities. However, with Tanzania's economic policy shifting towards Ujamaa, by 1975 the government acquired all the shares and merged the two utilities to form a state own utility called the Tanzania Electric Supply Company Ltd.[3] From 1975 the firm responsible for generating, transmitting and distributing power on the mainland. Furthermore, Tanesco is also responsible in selling bulk electricity to Zanzibar based ZECO Electric Company.[6]

With years of inefficient loss making operations and unreliable supply of electricity the government liberalised private sector investment in electricity generation in 1992.[7] In 2002 as part of the Companies Act,2002 of Tanzania, Tanesco was incorporated as a limited liability company; however all its shares were still held by the government.[8] Due to the high dependence on Hydroelectric dams and poor hydrology between 2005 and 2008, Tanesco lead to the procurement of their first Emergency Power Project.[6] The first EPP was the expansion of the Ubungo Power Station with Songas.[9] From 2011 to 2013 TANESCO experienced another shortage of power generation due to poor hydrology and again procurement of costly EPPs was then undertaken.[6] By the end of 2016, TANESCO sought an increase by 8.53 percent of the energy tariff, due to its difficult financial situation. In 2017, The president John Magufuli, dismissed the raise firing the director manager of TANESCO Felchesmi Mramba.

The TANESCO Headquarters, based in Ubungo. The picture is facing towards the west.

Tanesco's management operations is conducted at their headquarters Umeme Park and is located in Ubungo, Dar es salaam. The Management of the Company is under the managing director. Currently the Managing director is Eng. Felichesmi Mramba appointed by the president Jakaya Kikwete on 2 December 2013.[10][11] The company is organised under the following business units: Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Customer Services, Investment, Finance, Information, Communication and Technology, Human Resources and the Legal Counsel.

The Tanzania Electric Supply company ltd. is wholly owned by the Government of Tanzania. It is a public corporation governed by the Public Corporations Act, revised edition 2002.[12]

There has been much debate to either privatise the company or list the company on the Dar-es-salaam Stock Exchange to increase the company's efficiency.[13] The government however encourages the public sector to enter the market and compete with Tanesco, however, the government is adamant to maintain its public status to help keep the cost of electricity always low for the majority of the population.[14]

Tanesco has to import a small amount of its energy from Uganda and Zambia to supply the needs of the bordering regions that are not connected to the national grid.[15] Currently Tanzania only exports electricity to Kenya near the Horo Horo region,[16] and the Isinya–Singida High Voltage Power Line is under construction. With the recent expansion of the Gas Sector in Tanzania the company has major plans to increase exports to neighbouring countries.

In 2009 the Government through Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority (EWURA) approved Small Power Project framework. Since the Government didn't have Renewable energy policy in place nor did they have any major plans for energy generation through renewable fuels, the government encouraged Renewable energy projects (mini hydro, biomass, solar and wind) with capacity range between 0.1 MW to 10 MW to be developed.[17] Since introduction of SPPs only mini hydro and biomass power projects are in operation; the high cost of setup, fluctuating foreign exchange prices and low tariffs have discouraged investment. The SPP framework also ties in with The Rural Energy Agency (REA) and they are responsible for financing of rural electrification projects. This is mainly extension of grid connected and mini-grid connected distribution network to the rural areas.[6][18]

Small power producers are allowed to sell their power directly to the consumer and sell the excess to Tanesco. However, the tariffs of sale have been decided by Tanesco to maintain public interest. Below is a table showing the possible tariff cases an SPP can engage in; an SPP can engage in one case or a combination of many.[18]