The Immaculate Collection

The Immaculate Collection is a greatest hits album by American singer Madonna, released on November 9, 1990, by Sire Records. It contains new remixes of fifteen of her hit singles from 1983 to 1990, as well as two new tracks. Its title is a loose pun on the Immaculate Conception, the conception of the Virgin Mary without the stain of original sin. An extended play titled The Holiday Collection was released in Europe to accompany the compilation and the re-release of the single "Holiday". It is the first album ever to use the audio technology QSound.

For the video album, see The Immaculate Collection (video).

The Immaculate Collection
Greatest hits album by
Madonna
ReleasedNovember 9, 1990
RecordedFebruary 1983 – August 1990
Length73:32
Label
Producer
Madonna chronology
I'm Breathless
(1990)		 The Immaculate Collection
(1990)		 Erotica
(1992)
Singles from The Immaculate Collection
  1. "Justify My Love"
    Released: November 6, 1990
  2. "Rescue Me"
    Released: February 26, 1991
  3. "Crazy for You (UK re-release)"
    Released: February 1991
  4. "Holiday (UK re-release)"
    Released: June 1991

The Immaculate Collection reached number two in the United States, while topping the charts in the United Kingdom. It became Madonna's second album to be certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of over ten million copies in the United States. It also spent the second highest number of consecutive weeks at number one for a female solo artist in the United Kingdom, being at number one for a nine-week stint, before being surpassed by Adele's 21. Additionally, the album topped the charts in Australia, Canada and Finland, and the top five in France, the Netherlands and Spain.

"Justify My Love", the album's lead single, became Madonna's ninth number-one hit on the US Billboard Hot 100. Its music video included sexual themes and was banned by MTV, becoming one of Madonna's most controversial singles. "Rescue Me" was released as the second single and became the highest-debuting single on Hot 100 by a female artist at that time, entering the chart at number 15 and eventually peaking at number nine. "Holiday" was reissued in Europe as the album's third single, and peaked at nine in the UK. The album has sold 31 million copies worldwide, making it the best-selling compilation album by a solo artist and one of the best-selling albums of all time.

Background
The album's title is a loose pun on the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary (pictured)

The actual title of the album, The Immaculate Collection, is a loose pun on the Immaculate Conception, the conception of the Virgin Mary without the stain of original sin.[1] In the booklet, Madonna dedicated the album to "The Pope, my divine inspiration". This led to many believing it was dedicated to Pope John Paul II, but it was actually dedicated to her brother, Christopher Ciccone, who had spent the year on tour with Madonna on the Blond Ambition World Tour and whose nickname is "The Pope".[2]

All the songs on The Immaculate Collection, with the exception of the two new songs, were remixed by Shep Pettibone alongside Goh Hotoda and Michael Hutchinson through QSound, a then-new technology that gives recordings three-dimensional sound on standard stereo systems. It became the first album to feature the technology.[3] Tracks have been edited down from their original lengths to decrease the overall running time. Minor changes and additions have been applied to every track, for example, "Material Girl" has a new outro in place of the original fade-out. "Into the Groove", "Like a Prayer" and "Express Yourself" have been remixed by Pettibone for this compilation. Pettibone commented,

Well, actually some of the songs we changed up a bit, but most of the songs we kept in their original form. Like "Holiday", "Lucky Star", et cetera, et cetera, those were all the original productions. The remix was just really to create the Q Sound, and make the song kind of envelop you when you listened to it in a certain sweet spot in front of the speakers [...] That wasn't easy to do. But then again, that was one of those -- you know, "Hurry up, this has to be out last week". That was a rush rush job.[4]

Warner Bros. released an extended play (EP) in the United Kingdom and Europe titled The Holiday Collection which had the same design as The Immaculate Collection.[5][6] The full-length version of "Holiday" was included alongside "True Blue", "Who's That Girl", and a remix of "Causing a Commotion". The re-released "Holiday" eventually went to number five in the UK charts.[7]

New material
"Ingrid had written some of the lyrics on the verses. For certain personal and professional reasons at the time, we agreed not to put her name on it. We signed a contract. She gets the royalties. It became a big hit and she tried to make like she did the whole thing".

—Lenny Kravitz responding to Chavez's lawsuit.[8]

Two new songs were added to the album along with Madonna's greatest hits.[9] "Justify My Love" was originally written by Ingrid Chavez, Prince's protégé and friend, and Lenny Kravitz; he and producer André Betts composed the music while Chavez penned the lyrics based on a poem she had written for Kravitz.[10] Kravitz added the title hook and chorus to the demo while Madonna altered one line.[11] Chavez was not credited for the song and later sued Kravitz in 1992: she received an out-of-court settlement, and gained a co-writing credit for her work. When the lawsuit was settled, Chavez's attorney Steven E. Kurtz clarified that Madonna's additional writing credit was not questioned in the lawsuit.[12]

"Justify My Love" is a trip hop song which contains spoken word vocals by Madonna.[13] A remix of the song, titled "The Beast Within", was included on some single releases. The remix uses only the chorus and certain lines of the original song, with the verses being replaced by passages from the Book of Revelation. The song first garnered media attention early in 1991 when the Simon Wiesenthal Center accused the song of containing anti-semitic lyrics, specifically the lyric "those who say that they are Jews, but they are not. They are a Synagogue of Satan".[14] Madonna promptly responded: "I certainly did not have any anti-Semitic intent when I included a passage from the Bible on my record. It was a commentary on evil in general. My message, if any, is pro-tolerance and anti-hate. The song is, after all, about love".[15]

An upbeat dance and house track called "Rescue Me" was also added to the compilation as a new song.[16][17] Lyrically, "Rescue Me" expresses the extinguishing of deranged behavior in a relationship. The song opens with a heartbeat and thunder, followed by a prominent bass line, a piano, snaps, and percussion. Madonna begins singing "I'm talking /I believe in the power of love /I'm singing /I believe that you can rescue me" before engaging in the breathy, spoken word vocals, like on "Justify My Love". She sings "Rescue me /It's hard to believe your love has given me hope /Rescue me /It's hard to believe I'm drowning, baby throw out your rope" over the chorus.[18] At one point of the song, Madonna sings the line "And right while I am kneeling there I suddenly begin to care", which was likened to oral sex.[19]

Singles

"Justify My Love" was released as the album's lead single on November 6, 1990. It became her ninth number one on the Billboard Hot 100, staying on the top two weeks, and made number two on the UK Singles Chart.[20][21] Around the world, "Justify My Love" also topped the charts in many countries including Canada, Finland and the top five in many countries including Australia and Spain.[22][23][24][25] The black and white music video was banned from MTV, due to its explicit content, including sex, lesbianism, homosexual kissing, and nudism.[26][27][28] Due to this prohibition, the music video was released as a VHS video-single, the first video-single released in this format, and went on to become the most-selling in this format of all time.[29]

"Rescue Me" was released as the second single, debuting at number fifteen, becoming the highest-debuting single on Billboard Hot 100 by a female artist at that time, peaking at number nine.[30] but reaching number five on Billboard’s Airplay chart. The single also reached the top ten in Ireland and the United Kingdom. "Rescue Me" has sold 134,767 copies in the United Kingdom as of August 2008.[31]

Critical reception
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[32]
Blender[33]
Robert ChristgauA+[34]
Common Sense Media[35]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music[36]
Entertainment WeeklyA[37]
Q[38]
Rolling Stone[39]
Select[40]
Sputnikmusic[41]

The Immaculate Collection received universal acclaim from critics. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic graded the album five out of five stars. He starts by saying that "On the surface... [the album] appears to be a definitive retrospective of Madonna's heyday in the '80s". However, his opinion is that remastering in Q-Sound, making some of the songs faster than the original versions and other changes, makes it so "while all the hits are present, they're simply not in their correct versions." Nevertheless, he concludes that "until the original single versions are compiled on another album, The Immaculate Collection is the closest thing to a definitive retrospective."[32] Billboard commented that it was "irresistible holiday buying fare", and noted that the QSound process added "unheard detail and depth to the recordings".[42] Lucy O'Brien in her book Madonna: Like an Icon deemed the album a "seamless marriage of high-octane pop and dance", as well as "the ultimate party record".[43] Robert Christgau gave the album an A+ rating and called it "the greatest album of [Madonna's] mortal life". He said that the album features "seventeen hits, more than half of them indelible classics."[34] Select's Andrew Harrison wrote: "Given that she's had the good grace to leave out second-raters [...] it's hard to fault this wonderful collection. You might find better music this Christmas but you'll never hear better pop".[44]

Rolling Stone gave the album five stars, and called it the "standard bearer for Madonna compilations", as well as "one of the greatest greatest hits albums of all time", summing up the first stage of Madonna's career "flawlessly".[39] Danny Eccleston from Q magazine said its "ambitious title" was justified by "magnificent content: 17-track best of enhanced by the hard-faced sexiness of Lenny Kravitz-aided Justify My Love (and Rescue Me)".[38] David Browne from Entertainment Weekly opined that the album was "as relentless as the woman herself", and "refocuses our attention on how brilliant her records have been over the years — and gives us a peek into the obstacles she might face as her career enters the '90s".[37] Jim Farber of the same magazine gave the album an A rating, saying: "More than a mere greatest-hits set, it's hands down the catchiest collection of '80s singles."[45] Ross Bennett from Mojo called the album "truly the best of best of's" and stated: "This has to be right up there with Abba Gold as a collection of singles so deeply ingrained in the collective consciousness [...] But there is no denying the pop nous behind Ms Ciccone's first 15 years of hits, here brilliantly packaged in, gasp, chronological order".[46] Kevork Djansezian of Tulsa World commented that "if the controversy, the outrage, the boycotts, and the sexual revolution it created don't spark your interest, at least you can have a great time dancing and lip-synching to its acclaimed and definitely catchy pop tracks."[47] Marcus Berkmann stated that the album "is perfectly named, as it was released at the very moment that she became no good at all, and so includes none of the bilge she has recorded since".[48]

Accolades

Blender magazine ranked the album at number one on their list of "100 Greatest American Albums of All Time".[49] In 2012, the album was ranked number 184 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.[50] In September 2020, an updated edition of the Rolling Stone list was published, showing the album rising 46 spots, at number 138.[51]

Commercial performance

In the United States, The Immaculate Collection debuted at number 32 on the Billboard 200 chart on the week dated December 1, 1990.[52] It later reached number two, and remained 141 weeks on the chart, and has sold 10 million copies across the nation.[53] The album was certified Diamond (10× Platinum) by Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) after its shipments.[53] As of 2016 the album has sold over 5,992,000 copies in the US after the advent of the Nielsen SoundScan era in 1991. This figure does not include sales from music clubs such as BMG Music Clubs where it sold 1.46 million.[54]

On November 24, 1990, The Immaculate Collection debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart, remaining there for nine weeks, becoming the biggest selling UK album in 1990, also breaking the record for the longest consecutive weeks at number one by a solo female artist, a record that would not be matched until 2011 by Adele's album 21.[55][56] In the United Kingdom, The Immaculate Collection was certified 12× Platinum by British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for shipment of 3.6 million copies. In France, the album was certified Diamond for shipment of one million copies of the album. In August 2018, the album was confirmed by the Official Charts Company to have sold 3.77 million copies,[57] making it the biggest-selling album by a solo female artist in British history,[58] the fourth biggest-selling greatest hits album in the UK by any artist,[57] and the 12th biggest-selling album of all time in the UK.[58] Additionally, during its performance in 1990 the album sold 330,000 in a week, becoming in the second highest weekly total on record according to Official Charts Company.[59]

The compilation was certified 12× Platinum by Australian Recording Industry Association, becoming one of the best-selling albums in Australia.[60] The Immaculate Collection has sold over 31 million copies worldwide, making it Madonna's best-seller and one of the world's best-selling albums of all time. It also remains the best-selling compilation album ever released by a solo artist.[61][62][63][64][65][66]

Track listing
The Immaculate Collection – Standard edition
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Holiday" (from Madonna, 1983)
John "Jellybean" Benitez4:06
2."Lucky Star" (from Madonna)MadonnaReggie Lucas3:38
3."Borderline" (from Madonna)Lucas
  • Lucas
  • Benitez
4:00
4."Like a Virgin" (from Like a Virgin, 1984)
Nile Rodgers3:11
5."Material Girl" (from Like a Virgin)
Rodgers3:53
6."Crazy for You" (from Vision Quest, 1985)
Benitez3:46
7."Into the Groove" (from Like a Virgin)
4:10
8."Live to Tell" (from True Blue, 1986)
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
5:19
9."Papa Don't Preach" (from True Blue)
  • Brian Elliot
  • Madonna[b]
  • Madonna
  • Bray
4:09
10."Open Your Heart" (from True Blue)
  • Madonna
  • Gardner Cole
  • Peter Rafelson
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
3:51
11."La Isla Bonita" (from True Blue)
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
  • Bruce Gaitsch
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
3:48
12."Like a Prayer" (from Like a Prayer, 1989)
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
  • Pettibone[a]
5:52
13."Express Yourself" (from Like a Prayer)
  • Madonna
  • Bray
  • Madonna
  • Bray
  • Pettibone[a]
4:04
14."Cherish" (from Like a Prayer)
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
3:53
15."Vogue" (from I'm Breathless, 1990)
  • Madonna
  • Pettibone
  • Madonna
  • Pettibone
5:19
16."Justify My Love"
  • Kravitz
  • André Betts[c]
5:01
17."Rescue Me"
  • Madonna
  • Pettibone
  • Madonna
  • Pettibone
5:32
Total length:73:32
The Immaculate Collection – Digital edition[67]
No.TitleLength
2."Lucky Star" (U.S. remix)7:15
3."Borderline" (remix)5:18
Total length:78:28
The Holiday Collection [68]
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Holiday" (album version)  6:09
2."True Blue"
  • Madonna
  • Bray
  • Madonna
  • Bray
4:17
3."Who's That Girl"
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
3:59
4."Causing a Commotion"
  • Madonna
  • Bray
  • Madonna
  • Bray
4:17
Total length:18:31

Notes

  • ^a signifies an additional producer
  • ^b signifies additional lyrics by
  • ^c signifies an associate producer
  • All tracks are remixed using QSound by Shep Pettibone, with the exception of "Justify My Love" and "Rescue Me", which was later released on each single. The remixes are composed featuring elements of the originally available 12" remixes on corresponding singles.
  • Chavez sued Kravitz in July 1991, claiming that she wrote "Justify My Love" but received no credit. She received an out-of-court settlement and gained a co-writing credit.[69]
  • La Isla Bonita, Like a Prayer & Express Yourself are represented as their 7" remix versions on this album.

Formats
  • CD — containing the 17-track compilation album.
  • CD Limited Edition Box Set — The Royal Box containing a Satin Digi-Pak CD with VHS containing "Vogue" (from the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards), a 24" × 36" color poster and postcard assortment, housed in a lingerie-inspired LP sized box.[70]
  • CD Limited Edition Gold Edition — Rare 1995 Taiwanese exclusive limited 'Gold' edition in a unique gold-bordered slipcase.[71]
  • CD Australian Tour Limited Edition - unique picture disc with a collectors number stamped on the front cover. Issued in Australia only in 1993 to commemorate The Girlie Show Tour, Madonna's first tour of Australia.[72]
  • Cassette — containing the 17-track compilation album.
  • Cassette Limited Edition Box Set — The Royal Box containing the Cassette version with VHS containing "Vogue" (from the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards), a 24" × 36" color poster and postcard assortment, housed in a lingerie-inspired LP sized box.[70]
  • LP  — double disc, containing 17 tracks.
  • LP Limited Edition Picture Disc — UK unofficial picture disc, containing 17 tracks.[73]
  • Mini Disc — 17-track compilation, released October 25, 1999.[74]
  • VHS — 13-track video compilation, contains "Oh Father", not included on the audio releases, and "Vogue" (from the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards).
  • Laserdisc — 13-track double disc video compilation, contains "Oh Father", not included on the audio releases and "Vogue" (from the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards).
  • VCD — Asia only, 13-track video compilation, contains "Oh Father", not included on the audio releases and "Vogue" (from the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards).
  • DVD — 13-track video compilation released in November 1999, contains "Oh Father", not included on the audio releases and "Vogue" (from the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards).[75]
  • iTunes version — released digitally in 2005, contains different versions of: "Lucky Star" (U.S. remix) – 7:15 and the album version of "Borderline" – 5:17 all other tracks are the same as the original release.

Charts

Certification and sales
Region CertificationCertified units/sales
Argentina (CAPIF)[123] 6× Platinum 360,000^
Australia (ARIA)[60] 12× Platinum 880,000[124]
Austria (IFPI Austria)[125] Platinum 50,000*
Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil)[126] 2× Platinum 500,000*
Canada (Music Canada)[127] 7× Platinum 700,000^
China (IFPI Macao)[128] 7× Platinum 210,000* 
Denmark (IFPI Denmark)[129] Platinum 80,000^
Finland (Musiikkituottajat)[130] Platinum 92,500[130]
France (SNEP)[131] Diamond 1,129,000[132]
Germany (BVMI)[133] 3× Gold 750,000^
Japan (RIAJ)[134] 4× Platinum 800,000^
Netherlands (NVPI)[135] 3× Platinum 300,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[136] 7× Platinum 105,000^
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[25] 3× Platinum 300,000^
South Africa (RiSA)[137] Platinum 50,000* 
Sweden (GLF)[138] Gold 50,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[139] Platinum 50,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[140] 12× Platinum 3,770,000[57]
United States (RIAA)[141] Diamond 10,000,000^
Summaries
Worldwide N/A 30,000,000[62]

*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone

See also

References
  1. Taraborrelli, J. Randy (September 4, 2008). Madonna: An Intimate Biography. Pan Macmillan. ISBN 9780330470186 – via Google Books.
  2. Sickels, Robert C. (August 8, 2013). 100 Entertainers Who Changed America: An Encyclopedia of Pop Culture Luminaries [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Pop Culture Luminaries. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781598848311 – via Google Books.
  3. Rosen, Craig; Nunziata, Susan (November 24, 1990). "More Top Artists Follow Madonna's Move To QSound" (PDF). Billboard. 102 (47): 8. Retrieved August 10, 2020.
  4. "'Vogue' Producer Shep Pettibone's First Interview in 20 Years: On Making a Madonna Classic & Why He Left Music Behind".
  5. Rooksby, Rikky (2004). The Complete Guide to the Music of Madonna. Omnibus Press. p. 90. ISBN 0-7119-9883-3.
  6. Morton, Andrew (2002). Madonna: A Biography. Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 0-312-98310-7.
  7. "Madonna". Official Charts Company. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
  8. "Lawrence Journal-World - Google News Archive Search".
  9. "Sarasota Herald-Tribune - Google News Archive Search".
  10. Hernandez, Jorge (June 21, 2013). "Exclusive: Prince Collaborator Ingrid Chavez 'Deep' EP Debut". Vibe. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  11. Ressner, Jeffrey (August 16, 1991). "Justify My Claim". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  12. "Settlement Reached in Lawsuit over 'Justify My Love' Credit". Associated Press. January 29, 1992. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  13. Shetty, Sharan (June 16, 2015). "Madonna and Led Zeppelin Make a Startling, Sensual Pairing in "Justify a Whole Lotta Love"" – via Slate.
  14. Philips, Chuck (January 4, 1991). "Anger Over Madonna Single". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
  15. "Madonna Refutes Rabbi's Accusation Of Anti-Semitism in a Song Lyric". The New York Times. January 5, 1991.
  16. DeCurtis, Anthony; Henke, James; George-Warren, Holly (January 1, 1992). The Rolling Stone Album Guide: Completely New Reviews : Every Essential Album, Every Essential Artist. Random House. ISBN 9780679737292 – via Google Books.
  17. Taraborrelli, J. Randy (September 4, 2008). Madonna: An Intimate Biography. Pan Macmillan. ISBN 9780330470186 – via Google Books.
  18. Reporter, Matthew Jacobs Entertainment; Post, The Huffington (April 22, 2014). "The Definitive Ranking Of Madonna Singles".
  19. Benson, Carol; Metz, A. (1999). Madonna the Companion Two Decades of Commentary (metz/benson). Music Sales Group. ISBN 9780857128164 – via Google Books.
  20. Allmusic. Allmusic (November 13, 1990). Retrieved on January 7, 2012.
  21. "Madonna: The Official Top 40". MTV. MTV Networks. Archived from the original on October 10, 2010. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
  22. Top Singles – Volume 53, No. 9, February 02 1991 Archived October 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved on January 7, 2012.
  23. Nyman, Jake (2005). Suomi soi 4: Suuri suomalainen listakirja (in Finnish) (1st ed.). Helsinki: Tammi. ISBN 951-31-2503-3.
  24. Lescharts.com. Lescharts.com. Retrieved on January 7, 2012.
  25. Salaverri, Fernando (2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 8480486392.
  26. Lippens, Nate (2007). "Making Madonna: 10 Moments That Created an Icon". MSN Music. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011. Retrieved January 4, 2008.
  27. Rich, Joshua (November 20, 1998). "Madonna Banned". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved May 27, 2008.
  28. Bronson 2002, p. 775
  29. Interviewer: Forrest Sawyer (December 3, 1990). "Nightline". Nightline. ABC. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  30. Cross 2007, p. 128
  31. Jones, Alan (August 19, 2008). "The Immaculate Guide To 50 Years Of Madonna". Music Week. UBM plc. Retrieved June 11, 2011.
  32. The Immaculate Collection at AllMusic
  33. Power, Tony (September 2003). "Madonna - The Immaculate Collection". Blender. Archived from the original on August 18, 2004. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
  34. "Robert Christgau: CG: madonna". Robertchristgau.com. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  35. https://www.commonsensemedia.org/music-reviews/the-immaculate-collection
  36. Larkin, Colin (2006). Encyclopedia of Popular Music (4th ed.). Muze. p. 427. ISBN 0195313739.
  37. "The Girl Material". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  38. Eccleston, Danny (March 1998). "Disco-Graphy". Q (138): 92. ISSN 0955-4955.
  39. "Madonna: Album Guide". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on July 5, 2011. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
  40. Harrison, Andrew (January 1991). "Madonna: The Immaculate Progression". Select. 7 (1): 41–42. ISSN 0959-8367.
  41. Sona, Robert (January 16, 2005). "Madonna — The Immaculate Collection (staff rating)". Sputnikmusic. Retrieved June 19, 2019.
  42. "Album Reviews" (PDF). Billboard. 102 (47): 72. November 24, 1990. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
  43. O'Brien 2018, p. 217
  44. Harrison, Andrew (January 1991). "Madonna: The Immaculate Progression". Select. 7 (1): 41–42. ISSN 0959-8367.
  45. Farber, Jim (July 20, 2001). "The Girl Material". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  46. "Madonna - The Immaculate Collection". Mojo. Archived from the original on June 16, 2013. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  47. Djansezian, Kevork (August 2, 2002). "Classic CD Review: 'Immaculate Collection' revels in its own glorious bubblegum pop". Tulsa World. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
  48. Berkmann, Marcus (November 10, 2001). "Hits and Misses". The Spectator. Retrieved August 10, 2020.
  49. "100 Greatest American Albums of All Time". Blender. Archived from the original on November 12, 2010. Retrieved November 22, 2010.
  50. "#184 The Immaculate Collection". Rolling Stone. November 1, 2003. Retrieved June 18, 2013.
  51. "500 Greatest Albums: The Immaculate Collection (2020 edition)". Rolling Stone. September 22, 2020. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
  52. "Top 200 Albums - Billboard".
  53. "Madonna Nets 'Immaculate' RIAA Diamond". Billboard. November 1, 2011. Archived from the original on May 3, 2020. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
  54. Totals for each album sales in the United States from SoundScan and BMG:
  55. "1990-11-24 Top 40 Official UK Albums Archive". Official Charts Company. November 24, 1990. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
  56. "Tony Blackburn with the UK's Bestselling Albums". BBC Radio 2. April 9, 2012. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
  57. Myers, Justin (June 8, 2019). "Madonna's Official biggest selling albums". Official Charts Company. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
  58. Myers, Justin (August 10, 2018). "60 incredible chart facts and feats about Madonna". Official Charts Company. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
  59. "The history of the Official Charts: the Nineties". Official Charts Company. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  60. "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2002 Albums". Australian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original on August 10, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
  61. Arthington, Mirra (October 7, 2007). "Warner finds solace in farewell CD". Music Week. London. 32 (9): 21. ISSN 0265-1548. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
  62. Mitchell, John (August 16, 2011). "Happy Birthday, Madonna!". MTV (MTV Networks). Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  63. "The top 20 fastest-selling albums - 13. Madonna: The Immaculate Collection". Retrieved August 13, 2011.
  64. Kawaguchi, Judith (October 23, 2007). "Words to Live by: Goh Hotoda". Japan Times. Retrieved December 2, 2009.
  65. "Unknown". The Irish Times. Retrieved January 6, 2015. Cite uses generic title (help)
  66. "The 25 Best-Selling Albums of All Time". Paste. August 22, 2018. Retrieved June 23, 2019.
  67. "iTunes - Music - The Immaculate Collection by Madonna". iTunes Store. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  68. "Discogs - Madonna - The Holiday Collection". Discogs. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  69. "Settlement Reached in Lawsuit over 'Justify My Love' Credit". Associated Press. January 29, 1992. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
  70. "Madonna — The Royal Box (CD) at Discogs". discogs. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
  71. "Madonna — The Immaculate Collection (CD) at Discogs". discogs. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
  72. "Madonna - The Immaculate Collection (Australian Tour Limited Edition)".
  73. "Madonna — The Immaculate Collection (Vinyl, LP) at Discogs". discogs. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
  74. "Immaculate Collection [MINIDISC]: Madonna: Amazon.co.uk: Music". Retrieved January 11, 2012.
  75. "Madonna — The Immaculate Collection (DVD) at Discogs". discogs. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
  76. "Australiancharts.com – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection". Hung Medien. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  77. "Austriancharts.at – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  78. "Top RPM Albums: Issue 1416". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  79. "Dutchcharts.nl – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  80. Pennanen, Timo (2006). Sisältää hitin. Keuruu: Otava. p. 201. ISBN 951-1-21053-X.
  81. "French Albums Chart: Search for Madonna" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. January 18, 1991. Archived from the original on April 1, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
  82. "Offiziellecharts.de – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  83. "Album Top 40 slágerlista – 1991. 15. hét" (in Hungarian). MAHASZ. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  84. "ウルトラ・マドンナ－グレイテスト・ヒッツ" (in Japanese). Oricon. June 10, 1990. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  85. "Charts.nz – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection". Hung Medien. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  86. "Norwegiancharts.com – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection". Hung Medien. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  87. "Portuguese Albums" (PDF). Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  88. "SMusic Divas & Rock Bands Top South African Certifications". Retrieved April 11, 2019.
  89. Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
  90. "Swedishcharts.com – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection". Hung Medien. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  91. "Swisscharts.com – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection". Hung Medien. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  92. "Madonna | Artist | Official Charts". UK Albums Chart. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
  93. "Madonna Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
  94. "Ultratop.be – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  95. "2000-09-30Top 40 Official Scottish Albums Archive". Official Charts Company. November 24, 1990. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
  96. "Denmark Albums Top 40". Acharts.us. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  97. "Ireland Albums Top 100". Acharts.us. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  98. "Top 100 México — Los más vendidos Semana Del 18 al 24 de Junio del 2012" (PDF). AMPROFON. June 25, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 20, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
  99. "GFK Chart-Track". Chart-track.co.uk. Archived from the original on February 19, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  100. "ARIA Charts — End of Year Charts — Top 50 Albums 1990". aria.com.au. Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  101. "Top 100 Albums of 1990". RPM. December 22, 1990. Archived from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  102. "Dutch charts jaaroverzichten 1991" (in Dutch). Dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  103. "Everyhit.com: UK Year-End Album Charts". Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  104. "ARIA Charts — End of Year Charts — Top 50 Albums 1990". aria.com.au. Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  105. "RPM 100 Albums (CDs & Cassettes) of 1991". RPM. December 21, 1991. Archived from the original on April 8, 2014. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  106. "Dutch charts jaaroverzichten 1991" (in Dutch). Dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  107. "Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts". GfK Entertainment (in German). offiziellecharts.de. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
  108. "Oricon Year-end Albums Chart of 1991" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on July 21, 2014. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  109. "The Official New Zealand Music Chart". nztop40.co.nz.
  110. "Hitparade.ch – Schweizer Jahreshitparade 1991". Hung Medien. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  111. "Year-end Charts – Billboard 200 – 1991". Billboard. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  112. "ARIA Charts - End of Year Charts - Top 50 Albums 1992".
  113. "Billboard 200 Albums : Nov 18, 2016 - Billboard Chart Archive".
  114. "End of Year Charts - Top 50 Albums 1993". ARIA Charts.
  115. "End of Year Album Chart Top 100 - 2000". Official Charts Company.
  116. "End of Year Album Chart Top 100 - 2001 - Official Charts Company".
  117. "2002 Year-End Charts" (PDF). Official Charts Company. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  118. "2003 Year-End Charts" (PDF). Official Charts Company. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  119. "2004 Year-End Charts" (PDF). Official Charts Company. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  120. "2006 Year-End Charts" (PDF). Official Charts Company. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  121. "Top 10 selling albums of the 1990s in the UK". Evening Chronicle. Newcastle upon Tyne. August 16, 2003. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
  122. Copsey, Rob (July 4, 2016). "The UK's 60 official biggest selling albums of all time revealed". Official Charts Company. Retrieved July 5, 2016.
  123. "Argentinian album certifications – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection" (in Spanish). Cámara Argentina de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Archived from the original on February 14, 2008.
  124. Dale, David (January 13, 2013). "The music Australia loved". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
  125. "Austrian album certifications – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection" (in German). IFPI Austria. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
  126. "Brazilian album certifications – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection" (in Portuguese). Pro-Música Brasil. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
  127. "Canadian album certifications – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection". Music Canada.
  128. "Macao single certifications – Madonna – Hung Up" (in Chinese). International Federation of the Phonographic Industry of Macao. Archived from the original on June 29, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
  129. "Danish album certifications – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection". IFPI Denmark. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
  130. "Madonna" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
  131. "French album certifications – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection" (in French). InfoDisc. Select MADONNA and click OK. 
  132. "Les Meilleures Ventes de CD / Albums "Tout Temps"" (in French). Infodisc.fr. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  133. "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Madonna; 'The Immaculate Collection')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
  134. "Japanese album certifications – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection" (PDF). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Retrieved September 23, 2013.
  135. "Dutch album certifications – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Retrieved April 19, 2012. Enter The Immaculate Collection in the "Artiest of titel" box.
  136. "Latest Gold / Platinum Albums". Radioscope. July 17, 2011. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
  137. "Mi2N: Music Divas & Rock Bands Top South African Certifications". Music Industry News Network. May 2, 2002. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
  138. "Guld- och Platinacertifikat − År 1987−1998" (PDF) (in Swedish). IFPI Sweden.
  139. "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards (Madonna; 'The Immaculate Collection')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien.
  140. "British album certifications – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
  141. "American album certifications – Madonna – The Immaculate Collection". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved October 24, 2015. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH. 

Bibliography
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.