Third government of Adolfo Suárez
The third government of Adolfo Suárez was formed on 6 April 1979 following the latter's election as Prime Minister of Spain by the Congress of Deputies on 30 March and his swearing-in on 2 April, as a result of the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) emerging as the largest parliamentary force at the 1979 Spanish general election.[1][2] It succeeded the second Suárez government and was the Government of Spain from 6 April 1979 to 27 February 1981, a total of 693 days, or 1 year, 10 months and 21 days.[3]
3rd government of Adolfo Suárez | |
---|---|
Government of Spain | |
1979–1981 | |
Date formed | 6 April 1979 |
Date dissolved | 27 February 1981 (acting from 29 January 1981) |
People and organisations | |
Head of state | Juan Carlos I |
Head of government | Adolfo Suárez |
Deputy head of government | (1979–1980): (1980–1981): |
No. of ministers | 23[lower-alpha 1] (1979–1980) 22[lower-alpha 1] (1980–1981) |
Total no. of members | 30[lower-alpha 1] |
Member party | UCD |
Status in legislature | Minority |
Opposition party | PSOE |
Opposition leader | Felipe González |
History | |
Election(s) | 1979 general election |
Legislature term(s) | 1st Cortes Generales (1979–1982) |
Budget(s) | 1979, 1980, 1981 |
Predecessor | Suárez II |
Successor | Calvo-Sotelo |
Suárez's third cabinet was the first to be appointed under the Spanish Constitution of 1978,[4] and was an all-UCD government plus two military officers (Manuel Gutiérrez Mellado and Antonio Ibáñez Freire);[5][6] subsequent reshuffles in 1980 seeing would see the incorporation of a number of independents. It was automatically dismissed on 29 January 1981 as a consequence of Adolfo Suárez's resignation as Prime Minister, but remained in acting capacity until the next government was sworn in.[7][8][9]
Investiture
Investiture Adolfo Suárez (UCD) | ||
Ballot → | 30 March 1979 | |
---|---|---|
Required majority → | 176 out of 350 | |
183 / 350 | ||
149 / 350 | ||
Abstentions
|
8 / 350 | |
10 / 350 | ||
Sources[1][10] |
Cabinet changes
Suárez's third government saw a number of cabinet changes during its tenure:
- On 17 January 1980, Manuel Clavero resigned as Minister of Culture over political differences with the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) on the issue of the Andalusian autonomy and his party's stance on the 28 February 1980 autonomy initiative referendum.[11][12][13] He was replaced in the post by Ricardo de la Cierva, who was sworn into office on the following day.[14] Suárez took the opportunity of Clavero's resignation to make another cabinet change, by transferring some of the powers from Rafael Arias-Salgado's department to José Pedro Pérez-Llorca's Ministry of the Presidency.[15][16]
- On 3 May 1980, what had initially been planned as a minor cabinet readjustment intended to create a third deputy prime minister office for regional affairs under José Pedro Pérez-Llorca turned into a major reshuffle as a result of power struggles within the UCD: Antonio Ibáñez Freire (Interior), Carlos Bustelo (Industry and Energy) and Juan Antonio García Díez (Trade and Tourism) were replaced by Juan José Rosón, Ignacio Bayón and Luis Gámir, respectively. Pérez-Llorca's new appointment was limited to the Ministry of Territorial Administration, replacing Antonio Fontán, whereas Pérez-Llorca's former Presidency department was re-assigned to Rafael Arias-Salgado and its competences split into two additional deputy ministries headed by Sebastián Martín-Retortillo (Responsible for Public Administration) and Juan Antonio Ortega y Díaz-Ambrona (Responsible for Legislative Coordination). Salvador Sánchez-Terán was moved from Transport and Communications—which was assigned to José Luis Álvarez—to Labour (replacing Rafael Calvo Ortega) and the post of deputy minister held by Joaquín Garrigues Walker was abolished.[17][18]
- The last cabinet reshuffle under Adolfo Suárez took place on 9 September 1980, on the eve of a motion of confidence called by Suárez upon his own government scheduled for 18 September, aimed at strengthening his stand within the UCD by having the most prominent figures from the party's ideological factions represented in the government. Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo replaced Fernando Abril Martorell as Second Deputy Prime Minister, Marcelino Oreja stepped down in favour of José Pedro Pérez-Llorca as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Íñigo Cavero was moved from Justice—assigned to Francisco Fernández Ordóñez—to Culture. Further changes were seen in Education (from José Manuel Otero to Juan Antonio Ortega y Díaz-Ambrona), Labour (Sánchez-Terán was replaced by Félix Manuel Pérez Miyares) and Calvo-Sotelo's vacant ministry, Relations with the European Communities (to Eduard Punset). The reshuffle also saw the recovery of some members from former cabinets, such as Alberto Oliart (in Health and Social Security), Juan Antonio García Díez (in Economy and Trade), Rodolfo Martín Villa (in Territorial Administration) and Pío Cabanillas Gallas (as deputy minister to the Prime Minister). Meanwhile, the deputy ministry for Legislative Coordination was abolished.[19][20][21]
Council of Ministers
The Council of Ministers was structured into the offices for the prime minister, the two deputy prime ministers and 21 ministries, including a number of deputy ministers without portfolio.[22] This number would be maintained in the May 1980 reshuffle with some changes within the deputy ministries,[23] one of which would be abolished in the September 1980 reshuffle.
Departmental structure
Adolfo Suárez's third government was organised into several superior and governing units, whose number, powers and hierarchical structure varied depending on the ministerial department.[37][38]
- Unit/body rank
- (■) Secretary of state
- (■) Undersecretary
- (■) Director-general
- (●) Autonomous agency
Office (Original name) |
Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Party | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prime Minister's Office | |||||||
Prime Minister (Presidencia del Gobierno) |
Adolfo Suárez | 2 April 1979 | 26 February 1981 (resigned) |
UCD | |||
First Deputy Prime Minister, in charge of the Coordination of the Security and National Defence Affairs (Vicepresidencia Primera del Gobierno, encargada de la coordinación de los asuntos de la Seguridad y Defensa Nacional) |
Manuel Gutiérrez Mellado | 6 April 1979 | 27 February 1981 | Military | |||
Second Deputy Prime Minister, in charge of the Coordination of the Economic Affairs (Vicepresidencia Segunda del Gobierno, encargada de la coordinación de los asuntos económicos) |
Fernando Abril Martorell | 6 April 1979 | 9 September 1980 | UCD | |||
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo | 9 September 1980 | 27 February 1981 | UCD | ||||
Ministry of Foreign Affairs | |||||||
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores) |
Marcelino Oreja | 6 April 1979 | 9 September 1980 | UCD | [39] | ||
José Pedro Pérez-Llorca | 9 September 1980 | 27 February 1981 | UCD | ||||
2 May 1979 – 28 February 1981
| |||||||
Ministry of Justice | |||||||
Ministry of Justice (Ministerio de Justicia) |
Íñigo Cavero | 6 April 1979 | 9 September 1980 | UCD | [40] [41] [42] | ||
Francisco Fernández Ordóñez | 9 September 1980 | 27 February 1981 | UCD | ||||
10 May 1979 – 17 August 1985
| |||||||
Ministry of Defence | |||||||
Ministry of Defence (Ministerio de Defensa) |
Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún | 6 April 1979 | 27 February 1981 | UCD | |||
Ministry of Finance | |||||||
Ministry of Finance (Ministerio de Hacienda) |
Jaime García Añoveros | 6 April 1979 | 27 February 1981 | UCD | [38] [43] [44] [45] [46] | ||
5 July 1977 – 8 December 1982
| |||||||
Ministry of the Interior | |||||||
Ministry of the Interior (Ministerio del Interior) |
Antonio Ibáñez Freire | 6 April 1979 | 3 May 1980 | Military | |||
Juan José Rosón | 3 May 1980 | 27 February 1981 | UCD | ||||
Ministry of Public Works and Urbanism | |||||||
Ministry of Public Works and Urbanism (Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Urbanismo) |
Jesús Sancho Rof | 6 April 1979 | 27 February 1981 | UCD | |||
Ministry of Education | |||||||
Ministry of Education (Ministerio de Educación) |
José Manuel Otero | 6 April 1979 | 9 September 1980 | UCD | |||
Juan Antonio Ortega y Díaz-Ambrona |
9 September 1980 | 27 February 1981 | UCD | ||||
Ministry of Labour | |||||||
Ministry of Labour (Ministerio de Trabajo) |
Rafael Calvo Ortega | 6 April 1979 | 3 May 1980 | UCD | |||
Salvador Sánchez-Terán | 3 May 1980 | 9 September 1980 | UCD | ||||
Félix Manuel Pérez Miyares | 9 September 1980 | 27 February 1981 | UCD | ||||
Ministry of Industry and Energy | |||||||
Ministry of Industry and Energy (Ministerio de Industria y Energía) |
Carlos Bustelo | 6 April 1979 | 3 May 1980 | UCD | |||
Ignacio Bayón | 3 May 1980 | 27 February 1981 | Independent | ||||
Ministry of Agriculture | |||||||
Ministry of Agriculture (Ministerio de Agricultura) |
Jaime Lamo de Espinosa | 6 April 1979 | 27 February 1981 | UCD | |||
Ministry of Trade and Tourism | |||||||
Ministry of Trade and Tourism (Ministerio de Comercio y Turismo) (until 9 September 1980) |
Juan Antonio García Díez | 6 April 1979 | 3 May 1980 | UCD | |||
Luis Gámir | 3 May 1980 | 9 September 1980 | UCD | ||||
Ministry of the Presidency | |||||||
Ministry of the Presidency (Ministerio de la Presidencia) |
José Pedro Pérez-Llorca | 6 April 1979 | 3 May 1980 | UCD | |||
Rafael Arias-Salgado | 3 May 1980 | 27 February 1981 | UCD | ||||
Ministry of Economy | |||||||
Ministry of Economy (Ministerio de Economía) (until 9 September 1980) Ministry of Economy; Ministry of Economy and Trade |
José Luis Leal | 6 April 1979 | 9 September 1980 | UCD | |||
Juan Antonio García Díez | 9 September 1980 | 27 February 1981 | UCD | ||||
Ministry of Transport and Communications | |||||||
Ministry of Transport and Communications (Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones) |
Salvador Sánchez-Terán | 6 April 1979 | 3 May 1980 | UCD | |||
José Luis Álvarez | 3 May 1980 | 27 February 1981 | UCD | ||||
Ministry of Labour and Social Security | |||||||
Ministry of Health and Social Security (Ministerio de Sanidad y Seguridad Social) |
Juan Rovira Tarazona | 6 April 1979 | 9 September 1980 | UCD | |||
Alberto Oliart | 9 September 1980 | 27 February 1981 | UCD (Independent until December 1980) | ||||
Ministry of Culture | |||||||
Ministry of Culture (Ministerio de Cultura) |
Manuel Clavero | 6 April 1979 | 17 January 1980 (resigned) |
UCD | |||
Ricardo de la Cierva | 18 January 1980 | 9 September 1980 | UCD | ||||
Íñigo Cavero | 9 September 1980 | 27 February 1981 | UCD | ||||
Ministry of Territorial Administration | |||||||
Ministry of Territorial Administration (Ministerio de Administración Territorial) |
Antonio Fontán | 6 April 1979 | 3 May 1980 | UCD | |||
José Pedro Pérez-Llorca | 3 May 1980 | 9 September 1980 | UCD | ||||
Rodolfo Martín Villa | 9 September 1980 | 27 February 1981 | UCD | ||||
Ministry of Universities and Research | |||||||
Ministry of Universities and Research (Ministerio de Universidades e Investigación) |
Luis González Seara | 6 April 1979 | 27 February 1981 | UCD | |||
Ministers without portfolio | |||||||
Deputy Minister to the Prime Minister, without portfolio (Ministro adjunto al Presidente, sin cartera) (until 3 May 1980) |
Joaquín Garrigues Walker | 6 April 1979 | 3 May 1980 | UCD | |||
Minister for Relations with the European Communities, without portfolio (Ministro para las Relaciones con las Comunidades Europeas, sin cartera) |
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo | 6 April 1979 | 9 September 1980 | UCD | |||
Eduard Punset | 9 September 1980 | 27 February 1981 | UCD | ||||
Deputy Minister for Relations with the Cortes, without portfolio (Ministro adjunto para las Relaciones con las Cortes, sin cartera) (until 18 January 1980) Deputy Minister to the Prime |
Rafael Arias-Salgado | 6 April 1979 | 3 May 1980 | UCD | |||
Deputy Minister to the Prime Minister, without portfolio, in charge of Public Administration (Ministro adjunto al Presidente, sin cartera, encargado de la Administración Pública) (from 3 May 1980) |
Sebastián Martín-Retortillo | 3 May 1980 | 27 February 1981 | UCD | |||
Deputy Minister to the Prime Minister, without portfolio, in charge of Legislative Coordination (Ministro adjunto al Presidente, sin cartera, encargado de la Coordinación Legislativa) (3 May – 9 September 1980) |
Juan Antonio Ortega y Díaz-Ambrona |
3 May 1980 | 9 September 1980 | UCD |
Notes
- Does not include the Prime Minister.
- Department of new creation.
- Joined the UCD in December 1980.[34]
- The ministries of Economy and the Trade were restructured and merged into the newly-established Ministry of Economy and Trade on 7 October 1980.
References
- "Suárez obtuvo la investidura y la Oposición". El País (in Spanish). 31 March 1979. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- "Suárez juró "guardar y hacer guardar la Constitución"". El País (in Spanish). 3 April 1979. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- "Los Gobiernos de Suárez". El País (in Spanish). 30 January 1981. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- "El primer Gobierno constitutional: Todos de UCD, menos dos militares". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 6 April 1979. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
- "Pío Cabanillas, Martín Villa y Fernández Ordóñez, excluidos". El País (in Spanish). 6 April 1979. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- "La composición del nuevo Gobierno refuerza el poder personal de Suárez y Fernando Abril". El País (in Spanish). 7 April 1979. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- "Suárez: "No quiero que el sistema democrático sea un paréntesis en la historia de España"". El País (in Spanish). 30 January 1981. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
- "Fuertes presiones influyeron en la decisión del presidente Suárez de presentar su dimisión irrevocable". El País (in Spanish). 30 January 1981. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- "Real Decreto 249/1981, de 25 de febrero, por el que se formaliza el fin de las funciones como Presidente del Gobierno de don Adolfo Suárez González González" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (49): 4329. 26 February 1981. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Congress of Deputies: Most important votes". historiaelectoral.com (in Spanish). Electoral History. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
- "La autonomía andaluza enfrenta a Clavero con el resto del partido centrista". El País (in Spanish). 16 January 1980. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- "Manuel Clavero, ministro de las autonomías". El País (in Spanish). 17 January 1980. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- "Real Decreto 64/1980, de 16 de enero, por el que se dispone el cese del Ministro de Cultura don Manuel Clavero Arévalo" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (15): 1224. 17 January 1980. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "No habrá más cambios en el gobierno". El País (in Spanish). 18 January 1980. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- De la Cuadra, Bonifacio (18 January 1980). "La remodelación refuerza el control directo de Adolfo Suárez sobre su Gabinete". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- "Real Decreto 66/1980, de 17 de enero, por el que se dispone el cese de don Rafael Arias-Salgado y Montalvo como Ministro Adjunto para las Relaciones con las Cortes, sin Cartera" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (16): 1343. 18 January 1980. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "El enfrentamiento de Pérez-Llorca y Arias-Salgado desgaja Presidencia entre tres ministros". El País (in Spanish). 3 May 1980. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- "Ni Suárez ni la "oposición" de UCD lograron sus objetivos sobre el cambio de Gobierno". El País (in Spanish). 4 May 1980. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- "El martes habrá nuevo Gobierno, según fuentes próximas a Suárez". El País (in Spanish). 5 September 1980. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- "Suárez ha utilizado 58 ministros diferentes". El País (in Spanish). 9 September 1980. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- "Todas las tendencias de UCD, representadas en el quinto Gobierno de Suárez". El País (in Spanish). 9 September 1980. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- "Gobiernos por legislaturas. I Legislatura". lamoncloa.gob.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 November 2019.
- "Lista del nuevo Gabinete". El País (in Spanish). 3 May 1980. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- "Real Decreto 681/1979, de 31 de marzo, por el que se nombra Presidente del Gobierno a don Adolfo Suárez González" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (79): 7838. 2 April 1979. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 709/1979, de 5 de abril, por el que se nombra Vicepresidente del Gobierno a don Manuel Gutiérrez Mellado" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (83): 8191. 6 April 1979. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 710/1979, de 5 de abril, por el que se nombra Vicepresidente del Gobierno a don Fernando Abril Martorell" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (83): 8192. 6 April 1979. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 711/1979, de 5 de abril, por el que se nombran Ministros del Gobierno" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (83): 8192. 6 April 1979. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 67/1980, de 17 de enero, por el que se nombra Ministro de Cultura a don Ricardo de la Cierva y Hoces" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (16): 1343. 18 January 1980. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 68/1980, de 17 de enero, por el que se nombra Ministro Adjunto al Presidente, sin Cartera, a don Rafael Arias-Salgado y Montalvo" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (16): 1343. 18 January 1980. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 792/1980, de 2 de mayo, por el que se nombran Ministros del Gobierno" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (107): 9564. 3 May 1980. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 791/1980, de 2 de mayo, por el que se dispone el cese de diversos miembros del Gobierno" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (107): 9564. 3 May 1980. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 1796/1980, de 8 de septiembre por el que se nombra Vicepresidente del Gobierno a don Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (217): 20294. 9 September 1980. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 1797/1980, de 8 de septiembre, por el que se nombran Ministros del Gobierno" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (217): 20294. 9 September 1980. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Alberto Oliart, nuevo presidente de RTVE". El País (in Spanish). 11 November 2009. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
- "Real Decreto 1795/1980, de 8 de septiembre, por el que se dispone el cese de diversos miembros del Gobierno" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (217): 20294. 9 September 1980. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 1996/1980, de 3 de octubre, por el que se estructura el Ministerio de Economía y Comercio" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (241): 22274–22275. 7 October 1980. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Decreto de 26 julio de 1957 por el que se aprueba el texto refundido de la Ley de Régimen jurídico de la Administración del Estado" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (195): 646–651. 31 July 1957. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 1558/1977, de 4 de julio, por el que se reestructuran determinados Organos de la Administración Central del Estado" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (159): 15035–15037. 5 July 1977. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 984/1979, de 27 de abril, por el que se reorganiza el Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (104): 9885–9888. 1 May 1979. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Decreto 1530/1968, de 12 de junio, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento orgánico del Ministerio de Justicia" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (267): 10345–10364. 15 July 1968. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 1048/1979, de 4 de mayo, por el que se modifica la denominación de la Dirección General de Asuntos Eclesiásticos" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (112): 10525–10526. 10 May 1979. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 2363/1980, de 4 de noviembre, por el que se reorganiza el Ministerio de Justicia" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (267): 24763. 6 November 1980. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Decreto 151/1968, de 25 de enero, de reorganización del Ministerio de Hacienda" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (26): 1354–1360. 30 January 1968. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Decreto 407/1971, de 11 de marzo, por el que se reorganiza la Administración Central y Territorial de la Hacienda Pública" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (61): 4097–4099. 12 March 1971. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Decreto 1312/1973, de 22 de junio, por el que se crea la Subsecretaría de Economía Financiera" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (152): 12938. 26 June 1973. ISSN 0212-033X.
- "Real Decreto 2289/1976, de 1 de octubre, por el que se reorganiza la Subsecretaría de Economía Financiera y los Centros Directivos dependientes de ella" (pdf). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (237): 19224. 2 October 1976. ISSN 0212-033X.
External links
- Governments. Juan Carlos I (20.11.1975 ...). CCHS-CSIC (in Spanish).
- Governments of Spain 1977–1982. Ministers of Adolfo Suárez and Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo. Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish).
- The governments of the Union of the Democratic Centre (1977–1982). Lluís Belenes i Rodríguez History Page (in Spanish).
Preceded by Suárez II |
Government of Spain 1979–1981 |
Succeeded by Calvo-Sotelo |