Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath

The Marquess of Bath
The Most Honourable; The Marquess of Bath; KG PC
Secretary of State for the Northern Department
	In office; 7 March 1779 – 27 October 1779
Monarch	George III
Prime Minister	Lord North
Preceded by	The Earl of Suffolk
Succeeded by	The Viscount Stormont
	In office; 20 January 1768 – 21 October 1768
Monarch	George III
Prime Minister	William Pitt the Elder; The Duke of Grafton;
Preceded by	Henry Seymour Conway
Succeeded by	The Earl of Rochford
Secretary of State for the Southern Department
	In office; 9 November 1775 – 24 November 1779
Monarch	George III
Prime Minister	Lord North
Preceded by	The Earl of Rochford
Succeeded by	The Earl of Hillsborough
	In office; 21 October 1768 – 12 December 1770
Monarch	George III
Prime Minister	The Duke of Grafton; Lord North
Preceded by	The Earl of Shelburne
Succeeded by	The Earl of Rochford
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
	In office; 5 June 1765 – 7 August 1765
Monarch	George III
Preceded by	The Earl of Northumberland
Succeeded by	The Earl of Hertford
Personal details
Born	The Hon. Thomas Thynne; 13 September 1734
Died	19 November 1796 (aged 62); St George Hanover Square, Westminster, Middlesex, England
Political party	Tory
Spouse(s)	Lady Elizabeth Bentinck (m. 1759)
Children	6, including:; Thomas Thynne, 2nd Marquess of Bath; George Thynne, 2nd Baron Carteret;
Residence	Longleat
Alma mater	St John's College, Cambridge
Occupation	Politician

Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath, KG, PC (13 September 1734 – 19 November 1796), of Longleat in Wiltshire, was a British politician who held office under King George III. He served as Southern Secretary, Northern Secretary and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Between 1751 and 1789, he was known as the 3rd Viscount Weymouth. He is possibly best known for his role in the Falklands Crisis of 1770.

Coat of arms of Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath, KG: Quarterly of 4: 1&4:Barry of ten or and sable (Botteville); 2&3: Argent, a lion rampant tail nowed and erect gules (Thynne)

Early life

He was born on 13 September 1734, the eldest son and heir of Thomas Thynne, 2nd Viscount Weymouth (1710–1751)[1] by his wife Louisa Carteret (c. 1712–1736), a daughter of John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville, 2nd Baron Carteret (1690–1763). On her father's side, she was a great-granddaughter of John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath (1628–1701), and her father's first-cousin was William Granville, 3rd Earl of Bath (1692–1711), on whose death the Earldom of Bath became extinct.

Family origins

The Thynnes are descended from Sir John Thynne (c. 1515–1580), the builder of Longleat House, the family seat in Wiltshire, who acquired vast estates after the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Sir John owed his wealth and position to the favour of his master, the Lord Protector Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset.[2] He was comptroller of the household of the future Queen Elizabeth I of England. Another famous ancestor was Thomas Thynne (1648–1682), called on account of his wealth "Tom of Ten Thousand" and celebrated by Dryden as Issachar in Absalom and Achitophel, who was murdered in London in February 1682.[1]

Career

He succeeded his father as 3rd Viscount Weymouth in January 1751 and served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland for a short time during 1765, although he never visited that country.[3] Having become prominent in British politics, he was appointed Secretary of State for the Northern Department in January 1768 and acted with great promptitude during the unrest caused by John Wilkes and the Middlesex election of 1768. He was then attacked and libeled by Wilkes, who was consequently expelled from the House of Commons.[1]

Falklands Crisis

Before the close of 1768, he was transferred from the Northern Department to become Secretary of State for the Southern Department, but he resigned in December 1770 in the midst of the "Falklands Crisis", a dispute with Spain over the possession of the Falkland Islands.[1]

American War of Independence

In November 1775, Weymouth returned to his former office of Secretary of State for the Southern Department, undertaking in addition the duties attached to the northern department for a few months in 1779, but he resigned both positions in the autumn of that year.[1] This period covered the American War of Independence.

Later life

He was High Steward of the Royal Town of Sutton Coldfield from 1781 until his death in November 1796, having been created Marquess of Bath in 1789. The title of Earl of Bath that had been held by his Granville ancestor was then unavailable, as it had been recreated for a member of the Pulteney family.

Marriage and issue

In 1759, he married Lady Elizabeth Bentinck, daughter of William Bentinck, 2nd Duke of Portland and the art collector Margaret Bentinck, Duchess of Portland, with whom he had three sons and three daughters, including:[1]

Thomas Thynne, 2nd Marquess of Bath (1765–1837), eldest son and heir.
George Thynne, 2nd Baron Carteret (1770–1838), who inherited the title Baron Carteret by special remainder from his paternal uncle Henry Carteret, 1st Baron Carteret (1735–1826) (born Henry Thynne), of Haynes Park in Bedfordshire and of Stowe House, Kilkhampton in Cornwall, the seat of his ancestor John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath (1628–1701), which descended via the Carteret family.

Character

He was a man of considerable ability, especially as a speaker. According to modern standards, his habits were coarse, resembling those of his friend and frequent companion Charles James Fox. Horace Walpole refers frequently to his idleness and his drunkenness, and in early life at least "his great fortune he had damaged by such profuse play, that his house was often full of bailiffs."

References

Chisholm 1911.
'Parliamentary history : 1529–1629', in A History of the County of Wiltshire, vol. 5 (1957), pp. 111–132, accessed 7 July 2011
Desmond Keenan (12 November 2014). Eighteenth Century Ireland 1703-1800 Society and History. Xlibris Corporation. pp. 514–. ISBN 978-1-4990-8082-7.

Attribution:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bath, Thomas Thynne". Encyclopædia Britannica. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 510.

Political offices
Preceded by The Earl Harcourt	Master of the Horse to Queen Charlotte 1763–1765	Succeeded by The Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven
Preceded by The Earl of Northumberland	Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1765	Succeeded by The Earl of Hertford
Preceded by Henry Seymour Conway	Secretary of State for the Northern Department 1768	Succeeded by The Earl of Rochford
Preceded by The Earl of Shelburne	Secretary of State for the Southern Department 1768–1770	Succeeded by The Earl of Rochford
Preceded by The Duke of Grafton	Leader of the House of Lords 1770	Succeeded by The Earl of Rochford
Preceded by The Earl of Rochford	Secretary of State for the Southern Department 1775–1779	Succeeded by The Earl of Hillsborough
Preceded by The Earl of Suffolk	Secretary of State for the Northern Department 1779	Succeeded by The Viscount Stormont
Preceded by The Earl of Suffolk	Leader of the House of Lords 1779	Succeeded by The Viscount Stormont
Court offices
Preceded by The Earl of Ashburnham	Groom of the Stole 1782–1796	Succeeded by The Duke of Roxburghe
Honorary titles
Preceded by The Lord Middleton	High Steward of Sutton Coldfield 1781–1796	Succeeded by The Earl of Aylesford
Titles of nobility
New creation	Marquess of Bath 1789–1796	Succeeded by Thomas Thynne
Preceded by Thomas Thynne	Viscount Weymouth 1751–1796	Succeeded by Thomas Thynne

Thomas

Burke, Sir Bernard, (1938 ed) Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage. Shaw, London. p. 243
Woodfall, H. (1768). The Peerage of England; Containing a Genealogical and Historical Account of All the Peers of that Kingdom Etc. Fourth Edition, Carefully Corrected, and Continued to the Present Time, Volume 6. p. 258.
Lee, Sidney; Edwards, A. S. G. (revised) (2004). "Thynne, William (d. 1546)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27426. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Girouard, Mark, Thynne, Sir John (1515–1580), estate manager and builder of Longleat in Oxford Dictionary of Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004)
Booth, Muriel. "Thynne, John (?1550–1604), of Longleat, Wilts". History of Parliament. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
Lancaster, Henry; Thrush, Andrew. "Thynne, Charles (c.1568–1652), of Cheddar, Som". History of Parliament. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
Pugh, R. B.; Crittall, Elizabeth, eds. (1957). "Parliamentary history: 1529–1629". A History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume 5. British History Online. London: Victoria County History.
Ferris, John P. "Thynne, Sir James (c.1605-70), of Longbridge Deverill, Wilts". History of Parliament. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
Helms, M. W.; Ferris, John P. "Thynne, Sir Thomas (c.1610–c.69), of Richmond, Surr". History of Parliament. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
Marshall, Alan (2008) [2004]. "Thynne, Thomas [nicknamed Tom of Ten Thousand] (1647/8–1682)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27423. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Heath-Caldwell, J. J. "Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath, 3rd Viscount Weymouth". JJ Heath-Caldwell. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
Hayton, D. W. "Thynne, Hon. Henry (1675-1708)". The History of Parliament. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
Dunaway, Stewart (2013). Lord John Carteret, Earl Granville: His Life History and the Granville Grants. Lulu. p. 33. ISBN 9781300878070.
"Bath, Thomas Thynne". Encyclopedia Britannica 1911. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
Thorne, Roland. "Carteret [formerly Thynne], Henry Frederick". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
"Thomas Thynne, 2nd Marquess of Bath (1765–1837)". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
Escott, Margaret. "Thynne, Lord Henry Frederick (1797-1837), of 6 Grovesnor Square, Mdx". History of Parliament. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
"John Thynne, 4th Marquess of Bath (1831-1896), Diplomat and landowner". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 2 January 2016.

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[FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1] Chisholm 1911.

[vch-2] 'Parliamentary history : 1529–1629', in A History of the County of Wiltshire, vol. 5 (1957), pp. 111–132, accessed 7 July 2011

[Keenan2014-3] Desmond Keenan (12 November 2014). Eighteenth Century Ireland 1703-1800 Society and History. Xlibris Corporation. pp. 514–. ISBN 978-1-4990-8082-7.

[4] Burke, Sir Bernard, (1938 ed) Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage. Shaw, London. p. 243

[woodfall-5] Woodfall, H. (1768). The Peerage of England; Containing a Genealogical and Historical Account of All the Peers of that Kingdom Etc. Fourth Edition, Carefully Corrected, and Continued to the Present Time, Volume 6. p. 258.

[lee-6] Lee, Sidney; Edwards, A. S. G. (revised) (2004). "Thynne, William (d. 1546)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27426. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[7] Girouard, Mark, Thynne, Sir John (1515–1580), estate manager and builder of Longleat in Oxford Dictionary of Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004)

[8] Booth, Muriel. "Thynne, John (?1550–1604), of Longleat, Wilts". History of Parliament. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 2 January 2016.

[9] Lancaster, Henry; Thrush, Andrew. "Thynne, Charles (c.1568–1652), of Cheddar, Som". History of Parliament. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 2 January 2016.

[10] Pugh, R. B.; Crittall, Elizabeth, eds. (1957). "Parliamentary history: 1529–1629". A History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume 5. British History Online. London: Victoria County History.

[11] Ferris, John P. "Thynne, Sir James (c.1605-70), of Longbridge Deverill, Wilts". History of Parliament. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 2 January 2016.

[12] Helms, M. W.; Ferris, John P. "Thynne, Sir Thomas (c.1610–c.69), of Richmond, Surr". History of Parliament. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 2 January 2016.

[13] Marshall, Alan (2008) [2004]. "Thynne, Thomas [nicknamed Tom of Ten Thousand] (1647/8–1682)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27423. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[14] Heath-Caldwell, J. J. "Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath, 3rd Viscount Weymouth". JJ Heath-Caldwell. Retrieved 2 January 2016.

[15] Hayton, D. W. "Thynne, Hon. Henry (1675-1708)". The History of Parliament. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 2 January 2016.

[16] Dunaway, Stewart (2013). Lord John Carteret, Earl Granville: His Life History and the Granville Grants. Lulu. p. 33. ISBN 9781300878070.

[17] "Bath, Thomas Thynne". Encyclopedia Britannica 1911. Retrieved 2 January 2016.

[18] Thorne, Roland. "Carteret [formerly Thynne], Henry Frederick". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 2 January 2016.

[19] "Thomas Thynne, 2nd Marquess of Bath (1765–1837)". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 2 January 2016.

[20] Escott, Margaret. "Thynne, Lord Henry Frederick (1797-1837), of 6 Grovesnor Square, Mdx". History of Parliament. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 2 January 2016.

[21] "John Thynne, 4th Marquess of Bath (1831-1896), Diplomat and landowner". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 2 January 2016.

Cabinet of Prime Minister Lord North (1770–1782)
Prime Minister Chancellor of the Exchequer	Lord North (1770–1782)
Lord Chancellor	Commission (1770–1771) The Earl Bathurst (1771–1778) Lord Thurlow (1778–1782)
Lord President of the Council	The Earl Gower (1770–1779) The Earl Bathurst (1779–1782)
Lord Privy Seal	The Earl of Halifax (1770–1771) The Earl Suffolk (1771) The Duke of Grafton (1771–1775) The Earl of Dartmouth (1775–1782)
Lord Steward	The Earl Talbot (1770–1782)
Lord Chamberlain	The Earl of Hertford (1770–1782)
Southern Secretary	The Viscount Weymouth (1770) The Earl of Rochford (1770–1775) The Viscount Weymouth (1775–1779) The Earl of Hillsborough (1779–1782)
Northern Secretary	The Earl of Rochford (1770) The Earl of Sandwich (1770–1771) The Earl of Halifax (1771) The Earl of Suffolk (1771–1779) The Viscount Weymouth (1779) The Viscount Stormont (1779–1782)
Colonial Secretary	The Earl of Hillsborough (1770–1772) The Earl of Dartmouth (1772–1775) The Lord George Germain (1775–1782)
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster	Lord Strange (1770–1771) The Earl of Clarendon (1771–1782)
First Lord of the Admiralty	Sir Edward Hawke (1770–1771) The Earl of Sandwich (1778–1782)
Master-General of the Ordnance	Vacant (1770–1772) The Viscount Townshend (1772–1782)
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland	The Viscount Townshend (1770–1772) The Earl Harcourt (1772–1777) The Earl of Buckinghamshire (1777–1780) The Earl of Carlisle (1780–1782)