Time in Antarctica

Antarctica sits on every line of longitude, due to the South Pole being situated on the continent. Theoretically, Antarctica would be located in all time zones; however, areas south of the Antarctic Circle experience extreme day-night cycles near the times of the June and December solstices, making it difficult to determine which time zone would be appropriate. For practical purposes time zones are usually based on territorial claims; however, many stations use the time of the country they are owned by or the time zone of their supply base (e.g. McMurdo Station and Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station use New Zealand time due to their main supply base being Christchurch, New Zealand).[1] Nearby stations can have different time zones, due to their belonging to different countries. Many areas have no time zone since nothing is decided and there are not even any temporary settlements that have any clocks. They are simply labeled with UTC time.[2]

Map of approximate time zones on the continent of Antarctica. Stations could use time zones not matching the map.
UTC+00:00
UTC+03:00
UTC+06:00
UTC+07:00
UTC+08:00
UTC+10:00
UTC+12:00
UTC+13:00
UTC−06:00
UTC−03:00

TZ database

The file zone.tab of the tz database contains the following zones, columns marked with * contain data from the file zone.tab. Only permanently inhabited stations are tracked by the tz database staff. Some summer only stations with different time might exist.

  Country code* Coordinates* Zone name* Comment* UTC offset
standard time		 DST Area covered
AQ−6448−06406Antarctica/PalmerPalmer −03:00 No Palmer Land
AQ−6734−06808Antarctica/RotheraRothera −03:00 No Graham Land
AQ−720041+0023206Antarctica/TrollTroll +00:00[3] Doubly so Queen Maud Land
AQ−690022+0393524Antarctica/SyowaSyowa +03:00 No Queen Maud Land, Enderby Land
AQ−6736+06253Antarctica/MawsonMawson +05:00 No Mac. Robertson Land
AQ−7824+10654Antarctica/VostokVostok +06:00 No Inland Antarctica, Queen Maud Land
AQ−6835+07758Antarctica/DavisDavis +07:00 No Wilkes Land
AQ−6617+11031Antarctica/CaseyCasey +11:00 No Wilkes Land
AQ−6640+14001Antarctica/DumontDUrvilleDumont-d'Urville +10:00 No Adélie Land, Victoria Land
AU−5430+15857Antarctica/MacquarieMacquarie Island +10:00 Yes Macquarie Island
AQ−7750+16636Antarctica/McMurdoNew Zealand time - McMurdo, South Pole +12:00 Yes Ross Dependency
AQAntarctica/South_Pole +12:00 Yes South Pole

The coordinates are latitude and longitude, and for each there are 2 or 3 digits for degrees, 2 digits for minutes and for some 2 digits for seconds.

Palmer (-3)
Rothera (-3)
Vostok (+6)
Syowa (+3)
Mawson (+5)
Davis (+7)
Casey (+8)
Dumont-d'Urville (+10)
McMurdo (+12)
South Pole (+12)
Troll (0)
Locations of the reference bases (Not shown: Macquarie (+10) on Macquarie Island)

Daylight saving time

For the most part, daylight saving time (DST) is not observed in Antarctica because 95 percent of the continent is located south of the Antarctic Circle and the midnight sun phenomenon renders the use of DST unnecessary, and it would further complicate communication with the claimant countries in the northern hemisphere.

However, a few regions such as the Ross Dependency and, formerly, Palmer Land, observe the time and use of DST of the countries they are supplied from, New Zealand and Chile, respectively.[1] The areas have DST during the southern summer, when there is the northern winter, including January.

References
  1. "Local Time → Antarctica @ Time Genie". Timegenie.com. Retrieved 2013-07-24.
  2. "Current local time in Antarctica – South Pole". Timeanddate.com. 2013-04-07. Retrieved 2013-07-24.
  3. Forskingsstasjonen Troll (Norwegian Polar Institute) (The Norwegian text under the webcamera says "The time zone where Troll is located, UTC+0, is 1 hours behind Norwegian time". Contacts with the Norwegian Polar Institute has revealed that they use UTC+2 (Norwegian DST) during the dark winter, for communication simplicity, since no airplanes fly anyway then)
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