Timeline of the Ilkhanate

The Ilkhanate from 1256-1353
The disintegration of the Ilkhanate, 1345

This is a timeline of the Ilkhanate.

13th century

1210s
YearDateEvent
121715 OctoberHulagu Khan is born to Tolui and Sorghaghtani Beki[1]
1218autumnMongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Muhammad II of Khwarezm's forces clash with a Mongol army led by Jochi and Subutai, the battle ending inconclusively[2]
winterMongol conquest of Khwarezmia: A Muslim merchant delegation sent by Genghis Khan arrives at Otrar and the governor Inalchuq kills them, seizing their goods for himself; a sole survivor reaches Mongolia and alerts Genghis, who sends three more envoys to demand custody of Inalchuq - they are also killed[2]
1219fallMongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Ögedei and Chagatai take Otrar and massacres its population; Genghis Khan dispatches Jochi to conquer Syr Darya and another army to conquer Fergana[3]

1220s
YearDateEvent
122015 FebruaryMongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Genghis Khan takes Bukhara and places Yelü Ahai in control of Transoxiana[3]
16 MarchMongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Genghis Khan takes Samarkand and Muhammad II of Khwarezm flees to Nishapur; Genghis Khan dispatches Jebe and Subutai to destroy the sultan[3]
MayMongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Jebe and Subutai take Balkh and capture Muhammad II of Khwarezm's mother Terken Khatun and family in the Zagros Mountains[4]
winterMongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Muhammad II of Khwarezm dies[3]
1221MarchMongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Tolui destroys Merv[3]
AprilMongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Jochi, Chagatai, and Ögedei destroy Urgench while Tolui takes Nishapur and Herat[3]
springBattle of Parwan: Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu defeats a Mongol army led by Shikhikhutug in the Hindu Kush[3]
Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Genghis Khan takes Termez[3]
Siege of Bamyan (1221): Genghis Khan takes Bamyan; Chagatai's son Mutukan dies in the process[5]
NovemberBattle of Indus: Genghis Khan defeats Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, who swims across the Indus River and escapes[3]

1230s
YearDateEvent
1231AugustMongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Chormaqan defeats Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, who escapes only to be killed by an unknown Kurd; so ends the Khwarazmian dynasty[4]
1232Tolui is struck by sickness and dies[6]
1236Mongol invasions of Georgia: Chormaqan subjugates Georgia and Armenia[7]

1240s
YearDateEvent
1242Mongol invasions of Anatolia: Mongols take Erzurum[8]
124326 JuneBattle of Köse Dağ: Baiju defeats Kaykhusraw II and subjugates the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia[9]
1244The Ayyubid dynasty gives tribute to the Mongols[8]
Badr al-Din Lu'lu' of Mosul submits to the Mongol Empire[10]

1250s
YearDateEvent
1251fallMöngke Khan places Hulagu Khan in charge of North China[1]
1252summerMöngke Khan charges Hulagu Khan with the invasion of taking Baghdad[11]
125620 NovemberHulagu Khan takes Alamut from the Assassins[1]
Mongols defeat Kaykaus II at Aksaray and enthrone Kilij Arslan IV[12]
125817 JanuarySiege of Baghdad (1258): Hulagu Khan sends a Mongol contingent across the Tigris River which suffers a defeat against Aybak[13]
18 JanuarySiege of Baghdad (1258): Baiju floods the enemy camp and attacks, driving them back[13]
29 JanuarySiege of Baghdad (1258): Hulagu Khan lays siege to Baghdad[13]
1 FebruarySiege of Baghdad (1258): Mongol siege weapons breach Baghdad's Ajami tower[14]
3 FebruarySiege of Baghdad (1258): Mongol forces take Baghdad's walls[14]
10 FebruarySiege of Baghdad (1258): Al-Musta'sim, his sons, and 3,000 dignitaries surrender[14]
13 FebruarySiege of Baghdad (1258): Mongols sack Baghdad[14]
20 FebruarySiege of Baghdad (1258): Al-Musta'sim and his family are executed; so ends the first Abbasid Caliphate[14]
Hulagu Khan takes the title of Ilkhan, meaning "obedient khan"[14]
MarchÖljei Khatun's brother Bukha-Temur sacks Wasit[1]

1260s
YearDateEvent
1260JanuarySiege of Aleppo (1260): Hulagu Khan takes Aleppo from An-Nasir Yusuf; so ends the Ayyubid dynasty[1]
The Principality of Antioch submits to the Mongol Empire[15]
6 JuneHulagu Khan receives news of Möngke Khan's death and retreats to Ahlat[16]
26 JulyBattle of Ain Jalut: Qutuz of the Mamluks advance into Palestine and drive the Mongols from Gaza[16]
springHulagu Khan's son Yoshmut and commander Elege of the Jalayir take Mayyafaraqin and Mardin[1]
AugustKitbuqa sacks Sidon[15]
3 SeptemberBattle of Ain Jalut: Qutuz of the Mamluks defeats Mongol forces under Kitbuqa and push them back to the Euphrates[16]
10 DecemberFirst Battle of Homs: Baibars defeats a Mongol expedition into Syria[1]
Toluid Civil War: Berke of the Golden Horde allies with Ariq Böke and declares war on Hulagu Khan[17]
1261Mosul and Cizre rebel[1]
1262summerRebellions in Mosul and Cizre are suppressed[1]
NovemberHulagu Khan kills his vizier Saif-ud-Din Bitigchi and replaces him with Shams al-Din Juvayni[18]
Berke–Hulagu war: Berke of the Golden Horde allies with the Mamluks and invades Azerbaijan[17]
Hulagu Khan gives Khorasan and Mazandaran to his son Abaqa and Azerbaijan to his other son Yoshmut[18]
126313 JanuaryBerke–Hulagu war: Berke defeats Hulagu Khan's army on the Terek River[18]
12658 FebruaryHulagu Khan dies and is succeeded by his son Abaqa Khan[19]
1266Berke–Hulagu war: Berke dies in Tbilisi and is succeeded by his grandnephew Mengu-Timur[19]

1270s
YearDateEvent
1270Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq of the Chagatai Khanate invades the Ilkhanate but suffers defeat at the battle of Qara-Su near Herat[20]
1271Samagar raids Qalaat al-Madiq[21]
1273JanuaryYisüder, brother of Abaqa, sacks Bukhara[22]
127715 AprilBattle of Elbistan: Mamluks defeat Mongol forces at Elbistan[19]

1280s
YearDateEvent
128129 OctoberSecond Battle of Homs: Abaqa's brother Möngke Temur is defeated by Mamluk forces[19]
1282Abaqa dies and is succeeded by his brother Tekuder, a Muslim[19]
1284Arghun, son of Abaqa, deposes Tekuder[19]

1290s
YearDateEvent
1290Golden Horde attacks Ilkhanate but is defeated by Arghun[19]
Nawrūz rebels and fails[19]
12917 MarchArghun is murdered by the very unpleasant Taghachar of the Baarin, who then enthrones Gaykhatu, Arghun's brother[19]
1294Gaykhatu copies the Yuan dynasty and tries to introduce paper money, which fails fantastically[19]
1295Taghachar deposes Gaykhatu and enthrones Baydu[19]
OctoberGhazan, son of Arghun, deposes Baydu and becomes ruler; also a Muslim[19]
129922-23 DecemberBattle of Wadi al-Khazandar: Ghazan defeats An-Nasir Muhammad of the Mamluks[23]

14th century

1300s
YearDateEvent
1301Ghazan makes a failed attempt to take Allepo[24]
130320 AprilBattle of Marj al-Saffar (1303): Mongol army under Kutlushah is defeated by the Mamluks[24]
130411 MayGhazan dies and is succeeded by his brother Öljaitü[19]
1307JuneIlkhanate tributizes Gilan, Ghazni, and Sistan[22]
1308winterÖljaitü converts to Twelver Shi'ism[22]

1310s
YearDateEvent
1310Kurds and Arabs in Erbil massacre the Christian population with the Ilkhanate's permission[10]
1312Ilkhanate seizes Ghazni[25]
1316Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war: Conflict breaks out between the Chagatai Khanate and the Yuan dynasty and Ilkhanate[26]
16 DecemberÖljaitü dies and is succeeded by his son Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan[22]
1318Chagataid elements rebel in Khorasan[22]
Öz Beg Khan attacks the Ilkhanate[22]
131913 JulyChupan defeats Mongol rebellions at the battle of Zanjan-Rud[22]

1320s
YearDateEvent
1323Ilkhanate makes peace with the Mamluk Sultunate[22]

1330s
YearDateEvent
133530 NovemberAbu Sa'id Bahadur Khan dies and Ghiyas al-Din ibn Rashid al-Din enthrones Arpa Ke'un, a descendant of Ariq Böke; effective end of the Ilkhanate[27]
1336Arpa Ke'un is defeated by 'Ali Padsah of Baghdad, who enthrones Musa[27]
1337Musa is deposed by Hasan Buzurg, who enthrones Muhammad Khan[27]
1338Muhammad Khan is deposed by Hasan Kuchak, who enthrones Jahan Temür[27]

1340s
YearDateEvent
1346Black Plague spreads to the Ilkhanate[27]

1350s
YearDateEvent
1356Shaikh Awais Jalayir sets up his own Jalairid Sultanate; so ends the Ilkhanate[27]

See also

References
  1. Atwood 2004, p. 225.
  2. Atwood 2004, p. 431.
  3. Atwood 2004, p. 307.
  4. Atwood 2004, p. 308.
  5. Atwood 2004, p. 81.
  6. Twitchett 1994, p. 372.
  7. Atwood 2004, p. 196.
  8. Jackson 2005, p. 74.
  9. Atwood 2004, p. 331.
  10. Atwood 2004, p. 323.
  11. Twitchett 1994, p. 405.
  12. Jackson 2005, p. 116.
  13. Atwood 2004, p. 28.
  14. Atwood 2004, p. 29.
  15. Jackson 2005, p. 117.
  16. Atwood 2004, p. 6.
  17. Twitchett 1994, p. 412.
  18. Atwood 2004, p. 226.
  19. Atwood 2004, p. 234.
  20. Atwood 2004, p. 231.
  21. Jackson 2005, p. 167.
  22. Atwood 2004, p. 235.
  23. Atwood 2004, p. 341.
  24. Jackson 2005, p. 170.
  25. Atwood 2004, p. 86.
  26. Twitchett 1994, p. 504.
  27. Atwood 2004, p. 236.

Bibliography
  • Andrade, Tonio (2016), The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-13597-7.
  • Asimov, M.S. (1998), History of civilizations of Central Asia Volume IV The age of achievement: A.D. 750 to the end of the fifteenth century Part One The historical, social and economic setting, UNESCO Publishing
  • Atwood, Christopher P. (2004), Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, Facts On File
  • Barfield, Thomas (1989), The Perilous Frontier: Nomadic Empires and China, Basil Blackwell
  • Barrett, Timothy Hugh (2008), The Woman Who Discovered Printing, Great Britain: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-12728-7 (alk. paper)
  • Beckwith, Christopher I. (2009), Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-13589-4
  • Beckwith, Christopher I (1987), The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia: A History of the Struggle for Great Power among Tibetans, Turks, Arabs, and Chinese during the Early Middle Ages, Princeton University Press
  • Biran, Michal (2005), The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World, Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521842263
  • Bregel, Yuri (2003), An Historical Atlas of Central Asia, Brill
  • Drompp, Michael Robert (2005), Tang China And The Collapse Of The Uighur Empire: A Documentary History, Brill
  • Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1999), The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-66991-X (paperback).
  • Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Walthall, Anne; Palais, James B. (2006), East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, ISBN 0-618-13384-4
  • Golden, Peter B. (1992), An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East, OTTO HARRASSOWITZ · WIESBADEN
  • Graff, David A. (2002), Medieval Chinese Warfare, 300-900, Warfare and History, London: Routledge, ISBN 0415239559
  • Graff, David Andrew (2016), The Eurasian Way of War Military Practice in Seventh-Century China and Byzantium, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-46034-7.
  • Haywood, John (1998), Historical Atlas of the Medieval World, AD 600-1492, Barnes & Noble
  • Jackson, Peter (2005), The Mongols and the West, Pearson Education Limited
  • Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1964), The Chinese, their history and culture, Volumes 1-2, Macmillan
  • Lorge, Peter A. (2008), The Asian Military Revolution: from Gunpowder to the Bomb, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-60954-8
  • Luttwak, Edward N. (2009), The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
  • Millward, James (2009), Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang, Columbia University Press
  • Mote, F. W. (2003), Imperial China: 900–1800, Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0674012127
  • Needham, Joseph (1986), Science & Civilisation in China, V:7: The Gunpowder Epic, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-30358-3
  • Rong, Xinjiang (2013), Eighteen Lectures on Dunhuang, Brill
  • Schafer, Edward H. (1985), The Golden Peaches of Samarkand: A study of T'ang Exotics, University of California Press
  • Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3
  • Sinor, Denis (1990), The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press
  • Sima, Guang (2015), Bóyángbǎn Zīzhìtōngjiàn 54 huánghòu shīzōng 柏楊版資治通鑑54皇后The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Volume 1, Yuǎnliú chūbǎnshìyè gǔfèn yǒuxiàn gōngsī, ISBN 957-32-0876-8
  • Skaff, Jonathan Karam (2012), Sui-Tang China and Its Turko-Mongol Neighbors: Culture, Power, and Connections, 580-800 (Oxford Studies in Early Empires), Oxford University Press
  • Standen, Naomi (2007), Unbounded Loyalty Frontier Crossings in Liao China, University of Hawai'i Press
  • Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman (1997), Liao Architecture, University of Hawaii Press
  • Twitchett, Denis C. (1979), The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 3, Sui and T'ang China, 589–906, Cambridge University Press
  • Twitchett, Denis (1994), "The Liao", The Cambridge History of China, Volume 6, Alien Regime and Border States, 907-1368, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 43–153, ISBN 0521243319
  • Twitchett, Denis (2009), The Cambridge History of China Volume 5 The Sung dynasty and its Predecessors, 907-1279, Cambridge University Press
  • Wang, Zhenping (2013), Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia: A History of Diplomacy and War, University of Hawaii Press
  • Wilkinson, Endymion (2015). Chinese History: A New Manual, 4th edition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center distributed by Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674088467.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2000), Sui-Tang Chang'an: A Study in the Urban History of Late Medieval China (Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies), U OF M CENTER FOR CHINESE STUDIES, ISBN 0892641371
  • Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2009), Historical Dictionary of Medieval China, United States of America: Scarecrow Press, Inc., ISBN 0810860538
  • Xu, Elina-Qian (2005), HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRE-DYNASTIC KHITAN, Institute for Asian and African Studies 7
  • Xue, Zongzheng (1992), Turkic peoples, 中国社会科学出版社
  • Yuan, Shu (2001), Bóyángbǎn Tōngjiàn jìshìběnmò 28 dìèrcìhuànguánshídài 柏楊版通鑑記事本末28第二次宦官時代, Yuǎnliú chūbǎnshìyè gǔfèn yǒuxiàn gōngsī, ISBN 957-32-4273-7
  • Yule, Henry (1915), Cathay and the Way Thither: Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China, Vol I: Preliminary Essay on the Intercourse Between China and the Western Nations Previous to the Discovery of the Cape Route, Hakluyt Society
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.