Treaty of Madrid (1880)

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Treaty of Madrid (1880)
The Treaty of Madrid (1880) was a treaty drafted during an international conference held in Madrid upon the request of Sultan Hassan I of Morocco. European powers with interests in Morocco participated. This treaty served to regulate and make European conquests of Moroccan territories official in the international community.[1]

The Treaty of Madrid (1880) was a collection of agreements between Morocco, under the rule of Hassan I, and many European powers, to give the powers the ownership of Moroccan lands they had seized, the resources present on these lands, settlement rights and to employ locals on these lands. This treaty served to regulate and make these conquests official in the international community.[2][3]

Summary

The treaty consisted of 18 articles:

Treaties/agreements signed previously, with Britain, Spain and France, remained in force, with modifications set out in this treaty. Foreign Officials residing in Morocco were given permission to employ Moroccans, and enjoyed 'protection', i.e. freedom from taxation, as did their families, their Moroccan employees and any Consulate employees who were Moroccan.

Employees who worked as farmers, servants, interpreters or other menial jobs were not protected, even if they were not Moroccan. Any Foreign Nationals who owned farmed land or were farmers had to pay agricultural tax, and any who owned and used pack animals or load carrying had to pay 'gate tax', but in both situations foreign nationals were exempt from other taxes.

Foreign Officials could not employ soldiers or Moroccan Officials, or Moroccans undergoing criminal prosecution. Foreign Nationals could purchase or obtain land with the prior permission of the Moroccan Government, and as such the land would remain under Moroccan jurisdiction. Foreign Governments could choose any 12 Moroccans to be protected for whatever reason they desired without permission of the Moroccan Government, but had to seek permission if they wanted to protect any more.[2]

The 1863 agreement with Morocco is summarized at the end of the Treaty.

Attendees

See also

References
  1. France Diplomatie: Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères https://basedoc.diplomatie.gouv.fr/exl-php/cadcgp.php?modele=vues/mae_internet___traites_-_pieces/tpl-f.html&JSFONCTIONS=1&where_is_ft_cid=4130&modefiche=fiche&modefusion=0&doc_ref=TRA18800012&doc_titre=&doc_titre2=&doc_titre3=&doc_titre4=&doc_auteur=&exp_count=1&exp_position=&TABLE=pie_exp. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. "RIGHT OF PROTECTION IN MOROCCO" (PDF). Loc.gov. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
  3. "Conferencia de Madrid 1880 I". Protocolo.org. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
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