Alaouite dynasty

The organisation of the sultanate developed under Ismail Ibn Sharif (1672–1727), who, against the opposition of local tribes, began to create a unified state. Because the Alaouites had difficult relations with many of the country's Berber and Bedouin-Arab tribes, Isma'īl formed a new army of black slaves, the Black Guard. However, the unity of Morocco did not survive his death—in the ensuing power struggles the tribes became a political and military force once again.

During Muhammad III's reign (1757–1790) the kingdom was once again united and the administration reorganised. A renewed attempt at centralisation was abandoned, and the tribes were allowed to preserve their autonomy. Under Abderrahmane (1822–1859) Morocco fell under the influence of the European powers. After Morocco supported the Algerian independence movement of Emir Abd al-Qadir, it was attacked and defeated by the French in 1844 at the Battle of Isly and made to abandon its support.

During the reigns of Muhammad IV (1859–1873) and Hassan I (1873–1894), the Alaouites tried to foster trading links, above all with European countries and the United States. The army and administration were also modernised to improve control over the Berber and Bedouin tribes. With the war against Spain (1859–1860) came direct involvement in European affairs. Although the independence of Morocco was guaranteed at the Treaty of Madrid (1880), the French gained ever greater influence. German attempts to counter this growing influence led to the First Moroccan Crisis of 1905–1906 and the Second Moroccan Crisis of 1911.

Eventually the Moroccans were forced to recognise the French protectorate through the Treaty of Fez, signed on December 3, 1912. At the same time the Rif area of northern Morocco was raised under Spanish control.

From 1631 to 1666 the Alaouite dynasty ruled as princes of Tafilalt:

• Moulay Ali Cherif (1631–1635)
• Muhammad ibn Sharif (1635–1664)
• Al-Rashid (1664–1666)

In 1666 Mulay Al-Rashid was proclaimed Sultan of Morocco at Fez:

• Al-Rashid (1666–1672)
• Mawlay Ismail Ibn Sharif (1672–1727)
• Abu'l Abbas Ahmad II (1727–1728) (first time)
• Abdalmalik (1728)
• Abu'l Abbas Ahmad II (1728–1729) (second time)
• Abdallah (1729–1734) (first time)
• Ali (1734–1736)
• Abdallah (1736) (second time)
• Mohammed II (1736–1738)
• Al-Mostadi (1738–1740) (first time)
• Abdallah (1740–1741) (third time)
• Zin al-Abidin (1741)
• Abdallah (1741–1742) (fourth time)
• Al-Mostadi (1742–1743) (second time)
• Abdallah (1743–1747) (fifth time)
• Al-Mostadi (1747–1748) (third time)
• Abdallah (1748–1757) (sixth time)
• Mohammed III (1757–1790)
• Yazid (1790–1792)
• Mulay Suleiman (1792–1822)
• Abderrahmane (1822–1859)
• Mohammed IV (1859–1873)
• Hassan I (1873–1894)
• Abdelaziz (1894–1908)
• Abdelhafid (1908–1912)

Under the French protectorate (1912–1956):

• Yusef (1912–1927)
• King Mohammed V (1927–1961), changed title of ruler from Sultan to King in 1957. Deposed and exiled to Corsica and Madagascar (1953–1955).
• Mohammed Ben Aarafa, installed by France (1953–1955)

From Independence (1955 onwards):

• King Mohammed V (1955–1961)
• King Hassan II (1961–1999)
• King Mohammed VI (1999–present)

Timeline

Family tree

Moulay Ali Cherif

Mohammed I

Ismail

Rachid

Ahmad

Abdul Malek

Abdallah II

Mohammed II

Ali

Al-Mustadi'

Zin al-Abidin

Mohammed III

Al-Yazid

Hisham

Sulayman

Abd al-Rahman ibn Hicham

Mohammed IV

Hassan I

Aarafa

Abd al-Aziz

Abd al-Hafid

Youssef

Tahar

Mohammed Ben Aarafa

Mohammed V 3° spouse Lalla Bahia

2° spouse Lalla Abla bint Tahar

Lalla Fatima Zohra

Lalla Amina

Hassan II 2° spouse Lalla Latifa Hammou

Lalla Malika

Lalla Nuzha

Lalla Aicha

Abdellah

Lalla Meryem

Lalla Asma

Mohammed VI spouse Lalla Salma

Lalla Hasna

Rachid

Hicham

Ismail

Crown Prince Hassan

Lalla Khadija

• Conflicts between the Regency of Algiers and the Cherifian Dynasties
• History of Morocco
• Order of Ouissam Alaouite
• List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
• Hashemites, Jordan’s ruling family that also claims descent from the Islamic prophet Muhammad
• Dâr-al-Makhzen, Rabat, official residence of the royal family.
• Line of succession to the Moroccan throne
• List of rulers of Morocco

• Waterbury, John. Commander of the Faithful

• Morocco Alaoui dynasty